Motivational Interviewing in Nutrition and Fitness
Page 38
expanding food variety and, 204, 205, 206
Scare tactics trap, 155–156
expert trap and, 155
Self-affirmations, 118–119. See also
forming, 121
Affirmations
meal planning and preparation, 196–197,
Self-determination theory (SDT), 212–222,
202
215 f, 217 f, 222 f
mindful eating and, 209–211
Self-disclosure, 180
minimizing sustain talk and discord and,
Self-efficacy, 100–101, 108, 222–223, 224 f.
153
See also Affirmations
misinformation and unhealthy beliefs and,
Self-talk, 183–187
185–186
Self-worth, 187
motivation for physical activity and, 214,
Shame, 236–239
216, 218, 219
Short sessions. See Time restrictions
offering concern and, 79
Silence, power of, 136
open-ended questions and, 94, 95–97
Simile reflections, 124
overview, 5, 120
Simple reflections. See also Reflections
referrals to other professionals and, 253,
addressing barriers to physical activity,
254 f
228
shortening the MI process and, 166
motivation for physical activity and, 216,
strategic use of, 128, 130–133
218, 219
summaries and, 134, 136
overview, 123–124, 129 f, 130, 131, 132,
temporary changes as an experiment and,
133
85, 86
weight-neutral counseling and, 238, 241,
time restrictions and, 163
242
types of, 123–128, 129 f
Spirit of motivational interviewing (MI).
weight-neutral counseling and, 238, 241,
See also Acceptance; Compassion;
242, 245, 247–248
Evocation; Partnership
when to reflect, 121–123
dietary changes and, 211
Reflective listening. See also Listening;
example of, 37, 38 f
Reflections
misinformation and unhealthy beliefs and,
ambivalence regarding change and, 15
184
discord and, 149
overview, 25, 26 f
meal planning and preparation, 197–198
weight-neutral counseling and, 249, 249 f
offering concern and, 78–79
Stabilizing reflection, 128, 130. See also
open-ended questions and, 98–99
Reflections
overview, 120, 121, 130–133
Stages of change, 10–12. See also Change
responding to ambivalence and, 63–64
Stereotyping, 30
summaries and, 134
Strengths-based questions, 100–101, 118,
time restrictions and, 172–173
164. See also Open-ended questions
276 Index
Summaries. See also Communication
Time restrictions
techniques
addressing barriers to physical activity,
affirmations and, 109
225–226
assessment and, 97
overview, 161–165
benefits of, 134–135
shortening the MI process and, 165–172,
evoking and reflecting change talk and,
169 f
66–67, 68
strategies to implement MI and, 168–172
examples of, 136–137, 138 f, 140–144
talkative clients and, 172–174
expanding food variety and, 207
Tone of voice, 31–32, 48
expert trap and, 155
Transitional summary, 70, 139–140. See also
meal planning and preparation, 197, 202
Summaries
misinformation and unhealthy beliefs and,
Transtheoretical model (TTM), 10–12
186
u
motivation for physical activity and, 214,
219–220
Unconditional positive regard, 22, 28, 30,
overview, 5, 134
237, 243–244. See also Absolute worth
providing, 135–137
Undershooting reflection, 127, 129 f. See also
readiness for change and, 70
Reflections
referrals to other professionals and, 253
Understanding, 97, 120, 130, 133, 137
reflection and, 132
Unhealthy beliefs. See also Beliefs
time restrictions and, 172–173
elicit–provide–elicit (E-P-E) model and,
weight-neutral counseling and, 238
177–183, 181 f, 183 f
when to use, 137–140, 139 f
exploring, 183–187
Support, 22, 133
overview, 175–176
Sustain talk
righting reflex and, 177–178
affirmations and, 111
Unmotivated clients, 147–160, 150 f, 157 f.
cheerleading trap and, 156
See also Ambivalence about change
disarming questions and, 103
Unpacking, 97–99. See also Open-ended
expanding food variety and, 205
questions
expert trap and, 154
v
minimizing, 149–160, 150 f, 157 f
Validation, 34, 120
motivation for physical activity and, 216,
Values, 101, 214. See also Beliefs
218
Vegetables. See Dietary change; Food
overview, 14, 20, 60–61
Voice, tone of. See Tone of voice
reading your clients and, 148
reflection and, 122–123, 126–127
w
reframing and, 124–125
Weight inclusivity, 234 f, 236–239
responding to, 63–64
Weight loss programs, 232–233. See also
shortening the MI process and, 165,
Diets; Weight management
167
Weight management. See also Dietary
summaries and, 138–139
change; Lifestyle changes
t
applying the HAES principles in a MI
session, 235–249, 246 f, 249 f
Taking steps, 59–61, 59 f, 60 f. See also
cravings and, 207–211
Change
overview, 232–233
Talkative clients, 172–174
resources, 258–259
Temporary changes as an experiment, 84–86
Weight-neutral counseling. See also Non-diet
Testing behavior changes, 84–86
approach; Nutrition counseling
Therapeutic relationship, 37, 38 f
applying the HAES principles in a MI
Thoughts
session, 235–249, 246 f, 249 f
addressing barriers to physical activity,
overview, 5–6, 233–235, 234 f, 235 f
227–231
resources, 258–259
engaging the client and, 49
“Why” questions, 93
evocation and, 35–37
Word choice, 180–182, 181 f
misinformation and unhealthy beliefs and,
Worth, absolute. See Absolute worth
183–187
Wrapping up a session, 140
referrals to other professionals and,
254 f
y
reflection and, 120–121
Yo-yo dieting, 17–20, 18 f. See also Diets
Document Outline
Cover
Half Title Page
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright
About the Authors
Series Editors’ Note
Contents
Introduction
Part I. Motivational Interviewing Basics 1. The Complexities of Lifestyle Changes
2. The Spirit of Motivational Interviewing
Part II. The Four Processes of Motivational Interviewing 3. Engaging and Focusing
4. Evoking
5. Planning for Change
Part III. Mastering the Microskills: OARS 6. Open-Ended Questions
7. Affirmations
8. Reflections
9. Summaries
Part IV. Beyond the Basics 10. When Clients Aren’t So Sure about Change
11. What to Do When There’s Little Time
12. Clarifying Health Misinformation and Exploring Unhealthy Beliefs
Part V. A Closer Look at Motivational Interviewing in Nutrition and Fitness Industries 13. Putting Motivational Interviewing to Work in Nutrition Counseling
14. Putting Motivational Interviewing to Work in Fitness Counseling
15. Putting Motivational Interviewing to Work to Address Weight Concerns and Disordered Eating
Appendix 1. Making Referrals
Appendix 2. Additional Resources
References
Index