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in contracting, 84–85
health services in, 35
control of
life expectancy in, 19, 36
aid in, 89, 93
malnutrition in, 96–97,
international treaties in,
105–106, 109, 110
87–88, 89
and migration, 119, 122, 127
described, 77–78
water needs in, 130, 133
economy and, 79
Development, migration for. See
in Gambia, 85
Economy
governance and, 79, 82, 90–92
DICE model of carbon
and malnutrition, 111
abatement, 7, 9
in Mexico, 79
Disability Affected Life Years
migration and, 125
(DALYs), 42, 53, 132
in multinational companies,
Discounting
92–93
and benefits, 5
opponent’s views, 90–93
described, 100
in Pakistan, 85
limitations of, 53
policy strategies and, 81, 89
time-based, 12, 14, 17
as priority, 92, 171
utility-based, 5
reform proposals, 81–89
Disease. See also HIV/AIDS,
in Russia, 79, 86
controlling; Malaria,
in Singapore, 79
controlling
in Tanzania, 79
burden, measurement of, 35
in Uganda, 82
controlling, xv, 19–20, 32
in Ukraine, 79
cost-benefit ratio, calculation
in United Kingdom, 79
of
Cost Of Illness (COI) framework
health services, 31
described, 35
HIV/AIDS, 29, 36
Crony capitalism, 80, 82
malaria, 25–27
Customs reform, 85–86
methodology, 22
and economy, 20–23
DALYs. See Disability Affected
and malnutrition, 99
Life Years (DALYs)
opposing views, 33–37
Demand and education, 59,
as priority, 168–169
66–68
trade liberalization and, 158
Developing countries
water and, 131
child mortality in, 19
District Primary Education
free trade in, 151, 154–155,
Project (DPEP), 61
160, 161
Doha development agenda, 150,
government reform and, 91
153, 161
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Dollar allocation, recommended,
reform of, 68–69, 71, 72–73,
xvi
74–75
Drinking water, improvement of,
and trade liberalization, 158
xvi.
Education for All(Fast Track
See also Water challenge
Initiative (EFA/FTI), 69
Drip irrigation, 138
Enrollment. See also Education
Drugs, hard and civil war, 48
and achievement, 57
factors affecting, 61, 66, 67,
Earning power and malnutrition,
73–74
99
Ethics and economic analysis, 36
East Asia, health and economic
European Union, 151, 157, 163
performance in, 21
Europe, water needs in, 130
Economy
Extractive Industries
and civil war, 40, 44–48
Transparency Initiative
and corruption, 79
(EITI), 47
health and, 20–23
and migration, 113–116, 117,
Famine, 108
122–124, 126–127
Farming. See Agriculture
and trade liberalization, 148,
Financial instability
152, 157–158, 162–163
as priority, 174
Education
Food production, water needs
achievement ( See Learning
for, 130, 134, 143.
achievement)
See also Agriculture
benefits of, 67, 71–72, 73
Fossil fuel use, 15
enrollment ( See Enrollment)
France, water management in,
funding, 64, 67–68, 72, 73–74
131
and government corruption, 82
Free Trade Area of the Americas
income and, 66, 74
(FTAA), 151, 154, 162
intervention opportunities,
Friis Bach, Christian, xviii
65–66
lack of
Gambia, corruption in, 85
analytical methodologies,
Germany, migration from, 121
59–61
Global warming. See also
opposing views, 71, 75, 108
Climate change
overview, 57–58
abatement, value-at-risk
and migration, 119
method of, 11–12, 13, 16
as priority, 172
issues, analytical, 4–7
quality, improvement of,
mitigation of
62–66, 67
benefits, 6
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cost-benefit analysis, 7–8, 14
and disease, 99
policy strategies, 9–12
strengthening, 30–32, 34–35,
as priority, 1
36
science/policy, state of, 2–4
water and, 131, 144
Governance
HIV/AIDS, controlling, xv, 27–30,
and corruption, 79, 82, 90–92
31, 34, 36
and economic growth, 78
Hunger. See Malnutrition and
improvement of, xvi, 15,
hunger
77–78, 81–89
opponent’s views, 90–93
Immigration. See Migration
as priority, 171
Income
and trade liberalization, 149,
and education, 66, 74
162–163
and migration, 115, 127
and the water challenge,
India
130–131, 144
education in, 61, 67
Government subsidies, removal
migration from, 119
of
trade liberalization in, 161
benefit-cost ratios, 148–150,
water in, 132, 136, 139, 142
152–159
Intergovernmental Panel on
benefits, global, 159
Climate Change (IPCC), 2
opponent’s views, 160–163
International treaties in
opportunities regarding,
corruption control, 87–88,
149–151, 152–153
89
overview, 147–148
Intervention impact, estimation
Green Revolution, 67, 106
of, 100
Greenhouse gasses, emissions of,
Intravenous drug users and
> 7, 15.
HIV/AIDS, 30
See also Carbon dioxide
Iodine, deficiencies in, 98, 104
Groundwater, 142
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel
Growth rates and civil war, 42
on Climate Change), 2
Guest worker policies, 116,
Iron, deficiencies in, 98, 103,
119–121, 126
104–105, 169
Gulf Stream, 6
Irrigation technology, 133,
138–140, 143
Health
and civil war, 42, 43
Kenya, malaria in, 24
and economy, 20–23
KwaZulu Natal, malaria in, 33
education, impact of, 36
Kyoto Protocol, xvii, 3–4, 10,
services
13
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Labor market and free trade,
of malaria, 24, 26
153
Micronutrients, deficiencies in,
Latin America, trade
98, 103, 104–105, 169
liberalization in, 161
Migration
Learning achievement. See also
active selection systems, 116,
Education
117–119, 126, 128
improvement of, 60–61, 62–64,
benefits, calculation of, 127
65
and civil war, 43
levels of, 57
corruption and, 125
Life expectancy in developing
and developing countries, 119,
countries, 19, 36
122, 127
Living conditions, improvement
economy and, 113–116, 117,
of, xvi
122–124, 126–127
Low Birth Weight (LBW) and
education and, 119
malnutrition, 98, 101–103,
and free trade, 123, 153
169
from Germany, 121
guest worker policies, 116,
Macroeconomic studies
119–121, 126
of health, 22
income and, 115, 127
of HIV/AIDS, 28
from India, 119
limitations of, 35
opponent’s views, 125–128
of malaria, 25
opportunities regarding,
Malaria, controlling, xv, 23–27,
116–124
31, 33, 103
overview, 113–116, 124
Malawi, malaria in, 24
policy strategies, 121, 123,
Malnutrition and hunger
125
benefit-cost ratios, 109–110
as priority, 171
causes of, 96–98
from South Africa, 119
control of, xv, 95–96, 98–99,
and trade liberalization, 115,
106, 108–109
123, 153
opponent’s views, 108–111
to United States, 121, 128
opportunities regarding,
Military spending and civil war,
99–106
40, 42, 50–51
as priority, 169
Mosquito nets,
Manual treadle pump, 139
insecticide-treated, 26
Mexico, corruption in, 79
Multinational companies,
Microeconomic studies
corruption in, 92–93
of health, 22
of HIV/AIDS, 28
Natural resource income, 46–48,
limitations of, 35
54
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Nepal
setting, xvii, xix
citizen involvement in, 82
Procurement reform, 84–85, 89
LBW prevention in, 103
Pure time preference defined, 5
Nigeria, malaria in, 24, 68–69
Nonsmokers, life expectancy of,
Rebel movements, reduction of,
20
48–49
North Africa, HIV/AIDS in, 29
Revenue streams, transparency
Nutrition, improvement of,
of, 47–48, 54.
103–104
See also Commodity trading
system reform and civil
Overseas Development Aid
war
(ODA), 122
Roll Back Malaria program, 33
Russia
Pakistan, corruption in, 85
corruption in, 79, 86
Permits for greenhouse gas
and Kyoto Protocol
emissions, 15
ratification, 3
Plant breeding, 106
tax rate in, 86
Policy strategies
and corruption, 81, 89
Sanitation of water. See Water
education, 60–68
supply and sanitation,
global warming, 9–12
community-managed
migration, 121, 123, 125
Schools
trade liberalization, 149,
in education, 61–68
162–163
reform of, 68–69, 71, 72–73,
water, 130–131, 144
74–75
Post-conflict risk reduction,
Selection systems, active, 116,
49–51, 54
117–119, 126, 128
Poverty
Sierra Leone, military spending
and agriculture, 133
in, 51
and free trade, 147, 158,
Singapore, corruption in, 79
163
Social Rate of Time Preference
reduction of, 108, 110
(SRTP) defined, 5
Pregnancy
South Africa, immigration from,
LBW and, 103
119
and malaria, 24, 26
State capture, 80
Principle of comparative
Sub-Saharan Africa
advantage, 148
HIV/AIDS in, 29, 30, 34
Prioritization
life expectancy in, 19
global, xii
malaria in, 23, 25–27
political, xi
trade liberalization in, 155
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Subsidies. See Government
opportunities regarding,
subsidies, removal of
149–151
Supply and education, 60, 61–66
overview, 147–148
policy strategies, 149, 162–163
Tanzania, corruption in, 79
poverty and, 147, 158, 163
Tax administration reform,
as priority, 169–170
85–86, 89
progress towards, 155–156
Temperatures. See also Global
in Sub-Saharan Africa, 155
warming
war and, 158
and the carbon emissions tax,
10
Uganda
and the Kyoto Protocol, 10
corruption in, 82
predicted increase in, 2–3, 7–9
education in, 74, 82
Thailand, HIV/AIDS in,28, 30, 34
HIV/AIDS in, 28
Thermohaline circulation, 6, 15
/> LBW, control of,
Third Assessment Report (TAR),
study priorities, xviii
IPCC 2001, 2–3
Ukraine, corruption in, 79
Trade liberalization
United Kingdom
in agriculture, 54, 123
corruption in, 79
benefit-cost ratios,xv, 148–150,
water management in, 131
152–159, 163
United Nations
benefits
Intergovernmental Panel
global, 159, 160
on Climate Change, xiv
gross, 156, 161
United Nations Task Force on
social/environmental, 158
Water and Sanitation
in Chile, 161
report 2003, 131
in China, 161, 162
United Nations World Water
in developing countries, 151,
Development Report 2003,
154–155, 160, 161
136
and disease, 158
United States
economy and, 148, 152,
and Kyoto Protocol
157–158, 162–163
ratification, 3
education and, 158
migration to, 121, 128
governance and, 149, 162–163
water needs in, 130
in India, 161
Utility-based discounting, 5
and the labor market, 153
in Latin America, 161
Value-at-risk method of global
and migration, 115, 123, 153
warming abatement,
opponent’s views, 160–163
11–12, 13, 16
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Vietnam, education in, 66
opportunities regarding,
Vitamin A, deficiencies in,
133–140, 144–145
104–105, 106
overview, 129–130, 140
policy strategies, 130–131,
War. See also Civil wars,
144
reduction of
as priority, 170
international, 56
quality issues, xvi, 142
as priority, 173–174
scarcity and, 142
and trade liberalization, 158
Water supply and sanitation,
Waste water, reuse of, 133
community-managed,
Water challenge
134–138
bad management,
Welfare and civil war, 40
consequences of, 131–133
Wetlands, agriculture in, 134
benefit-cost ratios, 137–138,
World Development Report
139
1993, 31
economic nature of water, 143
World Development Report
government involvement in,
2004, 68
130–131
needs, domestic, 130
Zambia, HIV/AIDS in, 29
opponent’s views, 145
Zinc, deficiencies in, 105
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