The Grand Design

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The Grand Design Page 14

by Stephen Hawking


  Kepler, Johannes

  Klamath Indians

  Lamb shift

  Laplace, Pierre-Simon, marquis de

  Large Hadron Collider, Geneva

  Law of the lever

  Laws of nature

  ancient Greece and

  apparent laws

  Aristotle’s errors

  changing conception of

  dependent on history of the universe

  Descartes and

  electric and magnetic forces

  energy and

  exceptions to (i.e., miracles)

  as fine-tuned

  first recognition of

  four classes of known forces

  Galileo and

  generalizations vs.

  God and

  grand design

  gravity, as first in mathematical language

  humans governed by

  initial conditions and

  Ionian science

  mathematical formulation of

  mathematical formulation of, first

  modern concept of

  modern definition

  M-theory and

  origin of

  quantum physics and

  rejection of indifferent

  soul exempt from

  strong anthropic principle and

  uniqueness of

  uniqueness of (one set of)

  Lemaître, Georges

  Lieh Yü-K’ou

  Life

  carbon-based life-form

  creation of

  definition of living beings

  environmental conditions for

  existence of

  fundamental constants as fine-tuned

  God as Creator

  Goldilocks zone and

  intelligent

  multiverse concept and

  solar system conditions and

  strong anthropic principle

  theory of evolution

  Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything

  weak anthropic principle and

  Light

  electromagnetism and

  interference

  Michelson-Morley experiment

  Newton’s theory of (particle/corpuscle theory)

  photoelectric effect

  polarized

  refraction

  speed of

  theory of special relativity and

  wavelength and

  wave/particle duality

  wave theory

  Young’s experiment

  Lithium

  in primordial universe

  Lorentz, Hendrick Antoon

  Mathematics

  development of

  laws of nature phrased in

  Matrix, The (film)

  Maxwell, James Clerk

  Mayan people

  Mercator projection, world map

  Mercury

  Meson

  Michelson, Albert

  Miracles

  Model-dependent realism

  dualities and

  four points of a good model

  Game of Life and

  meaning of existence and

  M-theory and

  quarks and

  subatomic particles and

  vision and

  what happened before the world existed?

  Monza, Italy

  Moon

  eclipse of

  as gravitational bound system (with earth)

  gravity and orbit of

  in myth

  of other planets

  Morley, Edward

  M-theory

  eleven space-time dimensions of

  as grand design

  multiple universes and

  p-branes

  “why M-theory”

  Multiverse concept. See also Universe

  Napoleon Bonaparte

  Neutrino

  Neutron

  Newton, Isaac

  God as Creator and

  theories of, limitations

  Newton’s law of gravity

  Newton’s laws of motion

  earth’s rotation and

  macroscopic objects and

  “the past” and

  planetary orbits and

  Newton’s rings

  No-boundary condition

  Norse mythology

  Ørsted, Hans Christian

  P-brane

  Phase

  Photoelectric effect

  Photon

  delayed-choice experiments

  Feynman diagrams and

  Physics, classical

  Archimedes and

  Aristotle and

  picture of the universe

  shortcomings for atomic and subatomic scales of existence

  Physics, modern. See also Quantum physics/quantum theories

  Feynman diagrams, importance of

  theoretical

  Planck’s constant

  Plato

  Pope, Alexander

  Principle of mediocrity

  Probability amplitude

  Protons

  GUTS and

  rate of decay (lifetime)

  Psychology

  Ptolemy

  Pythagoras

  Quantum chromodynamics (QCD)

  asymptotic freedom and

  Quantum electrodynamics (QED)

  Feynman diagrams

  Lamb shift and

  renormalization and

  sum over histories and

  Quantum fluctuations

  Quantum jitters

  Quantum physics/quantum theory

  alternative histories

  atomic, subatomic scales, and

  buckyball experiment and

  determinism and

  double-slit experiment

  for electromagnetism (see also quantum electrodynamics)

  electroweak force

  Feynman paths

  Feynman’s sum over histories

  of forces

  four classes of known forces

  gravity, problem of

  larger objects and

  observation of system, and alteration of course

  origin of universe as quantum event

  “the past” and

  Planck’s constant

  principles of

  principles of, and reality

  probabilities and

  probability amplitude

  quantum chromodynamics (QCD)

  quantum superposition

  testing theories

  uncertainty principle

  wave/particle duality

  Quantum superposition

  Quarks

  asymptotic freedom

  baryons and

  colors

  mesons and

  QCD and

  Realism

  Reality. See also Model-dependent realism

  anti-realists

  classical picture of objective existence

  five-dimensional space-time

  goldfish bowl example

  holographic principle

  law of nature and

  model-dependent realism

  multiple histories

  objective, question of existence of

  “the past” and

  Ptolemaic model of

  quantum physics and

  realists

  simulated or alternative

  Reference frames

  Reflection, law of

  Renormalization

  Resonance

  Salam, Abdus

  Schönborn, Christoph

  Scientific determinism

  Scientific method

  Second Life

  Singularity

  Soul

  pineal gland as seat of

  Space

  curvature/curved spaces

  planetary orbits and three dimensions

  straws and lines

  three dimensions of

  warpage by matter and energy

  Space-ti
me

  cosmological constant

  as curved and distorted

  as fourth dimension

  M-theory’s eleven dimensions

  string theory’s ten dimensions

  warpage by gravity

  Standard model

  Stars. See also Sun

  explosions (supernova)

  mass

  Stoics

  Straus, Ernst

  Strings, law of

  String theory

  internal space

  ten dimensions in

  Strong anthropic principle

  Strong nuclear force

  QCD and

  Sum over histories

  multiverse concept and

  Sun

  Aristarchus and

  as center of earth’s planetary system

  governed by fixed laws

  life on earth and

  in myth

  solar eclipse

  strong nuclear force and

  three dimensional space and

  wavelengths of radiation

  Supergravity theory

  Supernova

  Supersymmetry

  Symmetry

  System

  observation of, and alteration of course

  Tempier of Paris, Bishop

  Thales of Miletus

  Theory of everything. See also Feynman, Richard (Dick); M-theory

  electroweak force

  grand unified theories (GUTS)

  gravity, problem of

  M-theory

  quantum chromodynamics (QCD)

  quantum electrodynamics (QED)

  standard model

  string theory

  Theory of relativity. See Einstein’s theory of relativity

  Thomson, J. J.

  Time. See also Space-time

  beginning of

  clock in airplane experiment

  special theory of relativity and

  time dilation

  warpage of

  Triple alpha process

  Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything. See also Grand design

  Ultimate theory of everything. See Theory of everything

  Uncertainty principle. See Heisenberg uncertainty principle

  Unified theory. See Theory of everything

  Universe. See also Creation; Life

  age of

  alternative histories of

  ancient interpretations and celestial predictions

  balloon universe analogy

  big bang theory

  binary star systems

  carbon content

  classical picture of

  CMBR and

  Copernican model of

  dimensions of

  earth as center of

  earth’s planetary system

  eccentricity of elliptical orbits

  Einstein’s general theory of relativity and

  elements in primordial

  empty space, impossibility of

  episode of inflation

  expanding model

  Feynman’s sum over histories and

  gods as causal in

  as God’s dollhouse

  grand design

  gravity and

  helium, lithium, and hydrogen in

  human-centered

  inflation theory

  inhomogeneities in

  laws of (see also Laws of nature)

  M-theory and

  multiple (see also Multiverse concept)

  multiple-star systems

  no-boundary condition

  origin of

  phlogiston theory

  planetary orbits

  planetary systems of

  Ptolemaic model of

  rejection of indifferent natural laws

  size of

  size of our galaxy

  space-time warpage

  spontaneous quantum creation of

  stars

  static or steady-state theory

  Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything

  Ussher, Bishop

  Vacuum fluctuations

  Virtual particles

  Von Neumann, John

  Wallace, Alfred Russel

  Wavelength

  radio waves

  visible

  X-rays

  Wave-particle duality

  Wave theory. See also Interference

  double-slit experiment

  Feynman’s sum over histories and

  interference

  phase

  Weak anthropic principle

  Weak nuclear force

  quantum field theory of

  Weinberg, Steven

  Wheeler, John

  “Which-path” information

  Young, Thomas

  “Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper” (“On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies” [Einstein])

  Zwicky, Fritz

  STEPHEN HAWKING was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge for thirty years, and has been the recipient of numerous awards and honors including, most recently, the Presidential Medal of Freedom. His books for the general reader include the classic A Brief History of Time, the essay collection Black Holes and Baby Universes, The Universe in a Nutshell, and A Briefer History of Time.

  LEONARD MLODINOW is a physicist at Caltech and the best-selling author of The Drunkard’s Walk: How Randomness Rules Our Lives, Euclid’s Window: The Story of Geometry from Parallel Lines to Hyperspace, Feynman’s Rainbow: A Search for Beauty in Physics and in Life, and A Briefer History of Time. He also wrote for Star Trek: The Next Generation. He lives in South Pasadena, California.

 

 

 


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