by Ian Mortimer
Algiers, 133, 134
Allaway, Brian, 418
almanacs, 96
Althorp, 371
ambassadors and diplomacy, 131–2
Ameixial, Battle of (1663), 134
America: British possessions, 132; extent of British territories, 6; indentured servants, 78, 125, 126, 338; mortality rate, 55; Native American artefacts on display, 368
Ames, Richard, 433
Amsterdam, 224
Anglesey, Arthur Annesley, earl of, 375
angling, 353–4
animals: baiting and fighting, 127–8, 350–2; bestiality, 324–6; hunting and hawking, 361; markets, 182–3; performing, 348, 349; treatment of, 127–8, 204, 205; use in medicines, 316
Anne, queen of Great Britain and Ireland, 290
Ansely, Major George, 225
apothecaries, 180, 313–17
archery, 353
architects and architecture, 94, 241; see also houses
Argyll, Archibald Campbell, 9th earl of, 84
aristocracy, 62–4, 114
Aristotle, 292
arrack, 284
art: decorative, 247–8; fine art, 369–74; hierarchy of genres concept, 370; lack of landscape painting, 32; painting prices, 246, 253, 370, 371; paintings of estates, 32; in stately homes and other houses, 245–6, 252–3; women artists, 92, 374
Ashe House, 375
Ashmolean Museum, 368
Ashwellthorpe Hall, 375
atheism, 106–7
Atherton, John, bishop of Waterford, 112
Atkins, Aaron, 71
atlases and maps, 213–14
atoms, 291
Aubrey, John, 95–6, 360, 363, 366
Audley, Hugh, 65
Auker, Katherine, 120–1
Auldearn, 99–100
Australia, 132
Avon river, 227
Axminster, 47
Ayr, 418
baiting, 127–8, 350–1
bakers, 180
Banister, John, 389
Bank of England, 172–3
Bank of Scotland, 173
banknotes, 173
Banks, Sir John, 65
banks and banking, 52, 171–3
Banstead Downs, 360
Baptists, 107
Barbary pirates, 119, 133
Barbon, Nicholas, 27–8
Barclays Bank, 171
Barker, Thomas, 353–4
Barley (Herts), 279
Barlow, Edward: author’s verdict on, 407; conscience, 111; education, 140; father’s income, 275; manslaughter charge, 326; overview of life, 74–5, 132; and spas, 293; and superstition, 95
Barlow, Francis, 373
Barnes, Joshua, 378
Barry, Elizabeth, 399–400
Bartholomew Fair, 273, 346–9
Baskerville, Hannibal, 78
Baskerville, Thomas: on bowling, 355; on Cambridgeshire, 211; and food and drink, 262, 264, 279; on fuels used for heating, 256; on Gloucester Prison, 340; on Gloucestershire, 214; on Great Yarmouth, 102; on Kent, 33; on Leicester, 45; on Northampton, 49; on smoking, 287–8; on spas, 295–6; staying at inns, 238; on Stourbridge Fair, 178
Bassa, Anthony, 324
Bath, 284, 293–4, 296, 312–13, 430
baths, 297–8
Batten, Lady, 280
Batten, Sir William, 121, 216
Beale, Charles, 374
Beale, Mary, 374
bear baiting see baiting
beards and moustaches, 192
Beaumont, Francis, 394
Beddington, 250
Bedford, 227, 355
Bedford, first duke of, 63
Bedford, William Russell, earl of: art collection, 246; author’s verdict on, 407–8; book collection, 439; clothes, 193; coaches, 217; and Covent Garden, 183; and food and drink, 263, 267–70, 273–5, 283, 286; horses, 221; laundry at his home, 209; leisure activities, 354–5, 361; London home, 14; portraits of, 438; and smoking, 288
Bedfordshire, 70, 415
beds, 239, 240, 248–9, 255
beer see ale and beer
beggars, 77, 78
Behn, Aphra, 119, 373, 377, 395
Belgium, 121
Belize see British Honduras
Bellasis, Henry, 123–4
Belton House, 242, 246, 247, 248, 251
Benefit of Clergy, 91, 337
Bere Ferrers, 422
bereavement, 143–5
Berkeley, Lord, 27
Berkshire, 33, 35, 222, 436
bestiality, 324–6
Betterton, Thomas, 392, 398, 400
Bible: ownership, 374; prices, 376; versions, 154
Biddle, John, 107
Bideford, 100–1
bigamy, 323–4
billiards, 354–5
Binns, Joseph, 318–19
biographies see histories and biographies
Birch, Wayneman, 127
Birmingham, 41, 42, 45
birth rate, 55
birthdays, 150–1
Bishop’s Stortford, 312–13
Black, Dinah, 120
black people, 119–21, 156
Blackstone Edge, 31
Blackwell, Edward, 171
bladder stones, 319–20
Blaeu, Jean, 376
blasphemy, 102–3, 110–11
Blenheim Palace, 397
blood: blood letting as medical treatment, 314, 318; circulation of the, 291; transfusions, 135
Blood, Colonel, 366
Blount, Thomas, 61, 156–7
Blow, John, 389
Bludworth, Sir Thomas, 21
bodices, 200, 201
Bodleian Library, 375
Bodley, Thomas, 375
Bonfire Night, 152–3
books: categories of prose works, 377; medical reference works, 310–11; ownership, 374–7; prices, 376; publication statistics, 376–7
boots see shoes and boots
boroughs see towns, boroughs and cities
Boston (Mass.), 418
Bounty, Susan, 4
bourgeoisie, 61–2
bowling, 355
Boyle, Robert, 97, 131, 135–6, 138, 291, 317
Boyne, Battle of the (1690), 109
Bracegirdle, Anne, 400
Braem, Jasper, 180
Braems, Sir Arnold, 32
branding, 337
brandy, 284
bread, 277
Breda, Declaration of (1660), 5
breeches, 187–9, 194, 195
Brentford, 47
Bridmore, John and Anne, 428
Bristol: art in houses, 253; coffee houses, 254, 285; hauliers, 222; and national transport network, 218, 227, 430; population, 41; sherry, 262; slave trade, 120; wine imports, 282
British Army: origins of standing army, 94
British Honduras, 132
Britton, Thomas, 389
Broderick, Sir Aleyn, 147
Brompton Park Nursery, 245
Brooman, Sarah, 374
Brown, Elizabeth, 338
Browne, Edward, 375
Browne, Sir Thomas, 368
Brownlow, Sir John, 246
Brownsea Island, 262
Bruce, Sir William, 52, 242
Brugis, Thomas, 317
Brydall, John, 19
Buckhurst, Charles Sackville, Lord, 114, 115–16, 399, 401
Buckingham, George Villiers, second duke of, 63, 122–3, 124
Buckinghamshire, 221–2
buckles, 190
the Budget, 172
Bugbee, Percy, 418
Buggery Act (1533), 112
Builth, 48
Bullock, Christopher, 426
Bungay, 48
Bunyan, John, 33, 107, 377
Burghley House, 245–6
Burlington, Richard Boyle, earl of, 27
Burnet, Gilbert, 378, 401
burning at the stake, 333–4
Burton, James, 322
Burton, Thomasine, 341
Burton on Trent, 227
&nbs
p; Bury St Edmunds, 42, 226–7, 355
Bushel, Edward, 330
businessmen, 65
bustles, 198
Butler, Samuel, 381, 382
Buxton, 293
calashes, 216
Calder river, 227
the calendar, 149–53
Cambridge, 42, 178–80, 226–7, 273–5
Cambridge University, 142, 158, 358–9, 365, 376
Cambridgeshire, 39, 211, 415
Campbell, John, 172
canals, 45, 227
canes, 193
Canterbury, 42, 218–19, 223, 226–7, 312–13, 315
capital punishment see crime and punishment
card games, 355–6
Carlile, Joan, 374
Carlisle, 46
carriages see coaches and carriages
Cary, James, 323
Caser, Margaret and Thomas, 126
Cassini, Giovanni, 131
Cassiobury Park, 247
Castaing, John, 172
Castle Howard, 397
Castlehaven, earl of, 112
Castlemaine, Lady, 82, 113–14, 119, 348, 365, 395, 401 Catherine of Braganza, 82–3, 96, 108, 203 Catholicism: and Charles II, 83; Exclusion Crisis, 83, 84; fasting, 263; Gunpowder Plot Day, 152–3; and James II, 84, 109; numbers of Catholics, 422; popular attitude to, 102, 107–9
cattle farming, 39–40
Cavendish, Margaret, 378, 381
Caxton, 212
ceilings, 252
chaises, 216
Chamberlayne, Edward: on drink, 277; on food, 258–9; on marriage, 87; on nonconformists, 103; on slavery, 120; on sports and games, 128, 352–3, 359; on stagecoaches, 218–19
Chamberlen family, 309–10
champagne, 280–1
charcoal, 33
Chardin, Jean-Baptiste, 131
chariots, 216
Charles I, king of Great Britain and Ireland, 3, 263, 331–2, 370
Charles II, king of Great Britain and Ireland: authority, 82; black servants, 121; character and overview of reign, 82–3; coach accidents, 220; and coinage, 169, 170; control of the press, 162; death, 314; and duelling, 124–5; and education, 142; and fasting, 263; and Fifth Monarchists, 105; French tastes, 247; hair, 192; and horse racing, 360; hours kept by, 154; and the King’s Evil, 96–7; medical treatments undergone by, 314, 317, 318; and music, 387–8; on Norfolk’s roads, 212; on ostentatious coaches, 216; other leisure activities, 361, 362, 365; pet animals, 128; and poetry, 381; Popish Plot to kill, 108; portraits of, 372, 373; and rebuilding of London, 26; and religious toleration, 102; restoration to throne, 5; satires about, 146–7; and science, 136, 137; sex life, 82, 113–14, 115–16, 401; and Sidney, 380; and theatre, 391; and wine, 281; worldwide regions ruled by, 6–7; yachts owned by, 224
Charlton, William, 368–9
Chatham, 42, 45
Chatsworth, 242–3, 244, 245, 247
cheese, 277
cheques, 172
Cheshire, 35, 278
chess, 356
Chester, 41, 218–19, 284, 342
Chesterfield, Lord, 123
Chetham, Humphrey, 375
Child, Francis, 171
Child, Sir Josiah, 65
childbirth, 57, 309–10
children: child prodigies, 139; infanticide, 323; mortality rate, 56; parents’ reaction to death of, 143–5; sexual crimes against, 324; and smoking, 287, 288; see also education
Chiltern All Saints, 428
chimneys see fireplaces and chimneys
China, 131
Chipping Camden, 213
chocolate, 286–7
Christ’s Hospital, 142
Christmas, 151–2
Cibber, Caius Gabriel, 247
Cibber, Colley, 400
cider, 279
Cirencester, 151
cities see towns, boroughs and cities
Civil Wars (1642–51), 3
Clarendon, Edward Hyde, earl of, 27, 241, 378 Clarke, Philip, 341
class system, 59–92, 420
Clayton, Robert, 172
Cleland, William, 196
Clifford, Lady Anne, 58, 63–4, 88
climate see weather
cloaks, 190, 202
clocks and watches, 136–7, 153–4, 180
Closterman, John, 372
clothing: cleaning, 208–9; colour, 185–6; men’s, 186–96; overview, 184–209; Scottish, 194–6, 207–8; tradesmen and the poor, 194, 206; women’s, 197–208
coaches and carriages, 215–21
coal, 252; mining, 33, 227
coats and jackets, 187–9, 194
cob, 39
cobblers, 180
cockfighting, 127–8, 351–2
coffee and coffee houses, 284–5
Coga, Arthur, 137
coin clipping, 169, 170, 332–3, 344
coinage, 168–70
Coke, Sir Edward, 428
Coke, Frances, 428
Colchester, 41, 42, 304, 340
Coleman, Dorcas, 100
Coleshill, 242, 243
collections, 367–9, 374–5
Colonia, Adam de, 372
commedia dell’arte, 349
Commonwealth period, 3–5, 151–2, 360, 361, 387, 390–1
communications, 158–63
concerts, public, 388–9
Congregationalism, 107
Congreve, William, 397–8, 400
constables, 327–8
consumption, 300, 305–6, 314
convulsions, 300, 317
Conyers, Edward and Jane, 332–3
Conyers, John, 138, 366
Cooke, Henry, 390, 391
cooking, 270–2, 275, 276–7
cookshops, 273
Cooper, Samuel, 373
Corbet, Dr Henry, 217, 251, 252–3
Cornbury, 241
Cornish language, 157
Cornwall: food and drink, 262, 275, 278; land management, 35; smoking, 288; tin industry, 33; units of measurement, 167; witchcraft, 100
corporal punishment see crime and punishment
Corporation Act (1661), 102
corruption, 326
corsets, 198
Cosimo III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, 15, 43, 158, 165, 366
cosmetics see make-up and cosmetics
Cote, Arthur E., 418
Cotton, Charles, 351, 354, 355–6, 363–4
Cotton, Sir Robert, 375
country estates see gardens, parks and grounds
countryside: appearance, 33–40, 49–50; country people’s way of life, 71–3; popular attitude to, 31–3; women’s life, 91
County Durham, 33, 415
Couplet, Philippe, 131
courts, 328–9, 331, 342
Coutts Bank, 171–2
Coventry, 42, 342
Cowley, Abraham, 381, 382
Craddock, Marmaduke, 373
Creation, date of, 138
cricket, 356–7
crime and punishment: administration of justice, 328–31; Benefit of Clergy, 91, 337; capital punishment and executions, 125–6, 321–6, 332–7; Commonwealth period, 3–4; corporal punishment, 341–2; direction of crime statistics, 343; justice system’s guiding principles, 321–6; moral crimes, 110–11, 324–6, 329, 342–3; overview, 321–45; punishments, 125–6, 331–43; and women, 90, 91, 125–6, 323, 331, 332, 333–4, 337, 344–5
Cromwell, Oliver, 3, 4, 110, 382, 384
Crown Jewels, 366
cruelty, 125–8
cuckold’s horns, 90–1, 342–3
cuffs, 189
Culpeper, Nicholas, 305, 306, 308, 309, 311
Cumberland, 39–40
Cumbria, 167
customs and excise, 173–4
cutlery, 265–6
Dahl, Michael, 372
Dampier, William, 132–3
dances and dance music, 388
Davenant, Charles, 414
Davenant, Sir William, 391, 392, 393, 394
death: causes of, 299–300; ‘death and taxes�
� expression, 173; use of corpses in medicine, 316–17; see also crime and punishment; mortality rate
debt and debtors, 197–8, 340–1
Defoe, Daniel: on class system, 62; and ‘death and taxes’ expression, 426; education, 143; on the Fleet, 19; on marriage, 90; on the poor, 77; on Stourbridge Fair, 178; and wine, 281
deism, 106
demographics, 55–79; see also population
Dene, 246
Denham, Sir John, 27, 381, 386
Derbyshire, 278
Dering, Sir Edward, 283–4
Devon: attitude to foreigners, 422; Cremyll Ferry, 226; dialect, 157; food and drink, 262, 278, 279; houses, 39; poverty, 77; roads, 211; signposts, 213; smoking, 288; tin industry, 33; units of measurement, 167
Devonshire, earl of, 243
dialect, 157
dictionaries, 156–7
Diest, Adriaen van, 372
Dillon, Colonel Cary, 124
Diodati, Dr, 307
diplomacy see ambassadors and diplomacy
disabled people, as fairground exhibits, 349
diseases, 299–310
dissenters and nonconformists, 102, 103–7, 109, 143, 422
divorce, 90
Dockwra, William, 161
doctors, 52, 66–7, 91, 310–20; see also health
Doncaster, 176
doors, 248, 252
Dorchester, 303
Dorchester, marquess of, 122, 123, 147
Dorset, 33, 211, 262
doublets see coats and jackets
Douglas, John, 359
Dover, 218, 279, 416
Downing, Sir George, 28, 65
Dowsing, William, 220
Drake, Montague, 191
drawers, 187, 198–9
dresses and gowns, 199, 200–1
drink, 277–87
drinking vessels, 266, 279
Drogheda, countess of, 396
Droitwich, 227
dropsy, 300, 306
Dryden, John: and Congreve, 397; eating out, 281, 285; as poet and playwright, 381, 382–4, 393, 394; and religion, 109
Dublin, 29
ducking stools, 88, 343
duels, 122–5, 147
Dugdale, Sir William, 217, 378
Duke’s Company, 391, 392, 394, 399
Dundee, 51, 418
Dunkirk, 6, 7
Dunsford, 256
Dunwich, 416
d’Urfey, Thomas, 388
Durham, 416, 430
Duval, Claude, 335
Dyck, Sir Anthony van, 370–1
dyes, 185–6
dysentery, 300, 306
Edinburgh: cathedral, 50–1; coffee houses, 284; financial services, 171; and national transport network, 218, 430; overview, 52–4; population, 417–18; water supplies, 52, 278
The Edinburgh Gazette, 163
education, 66–7, 88, 91, 139–43
Edwards, Susanna, 100–1
Egg Buckland, 422
electoral fraud, 326
Elizabeth I, queen of England and Ireland, 14
Eltham Lodge, 241
Ely, 41
Embry, Samuel and Mary, 126