by Pausanias
[1.7] Next to her also have been erected statues of Lacedaemonians. They gained victories in chariot-races. Anaxander was the first of his family to be proclaimed victor with a chariot, but the inscription on him declares that previously his paternal grandfather received the crown for the pentathlum. Anaxander is represented in an attitude of prayer to the god, while Polycles, who gained the surname of Polychalcus, likewise won a victory with a four-horse chariot, and his statue holds a ribbon in the right hand.
[8] παρὰ δὲ αὐτῷ παιδία δύο τὸ μὲν τροχὸν κατέχει, τὸ δὲ αἰτεῖ τὴν ταινίαν. ἐνίκησε δὲ ὁ Πολυκλῆς ἵπποις, ὡς τὸ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ λέγει, καὶ Πυθοῖ καὶ Ἰσθμοῖ τε καὶ Νεμέᾳ.
[1.8] Beside him are two children; one holds a wheel and the other is asking for the ribbon. Polycles, as the inscription on him says, also won the chariot-race at Pytho, the Isthmus and Nemea.
2. παγκρατιαστοῦ δὲ ἀνδρὸς τὸν μὲν ἀνδριάντα εἰργάσατο Λύσιππος: ὁ δὲ ἀνὴρ οὗτος ἀνείλετο ἐπὶ παγκρατίῳ νίκην τῶν ἄλλων τε Ἀκαρνάνων καὶ τῶν ἐξ αὐτῆς Στράτου πρῶτος Ξενάρκης τε ἐκαλεῖτο Φιλανδρίδου. Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ ἄρα μετὰ τὴν ἐπιστρατείαν τοῦ Μήδου διετέθησαν πάντων φιλοτιμότατα Ἑλλήνων πρὸς ἵππων τροφάς. χωρὶς γὰρ ἢ ὅσους αὐτῶν κατέλεξα ἤδη, τοσοίδε ἄλλοι τῶν ἐκ Σπάρτης ἱπποτρόφων μετὰ τὴν εἰκόνα ἀνάκεινται τοῦ Ἀκαρνᾶνος ἀθλητοῦ, Ξενάρκης καὶ Λυκῖνος Ἀρκεσίλαός τε καὶ ὁ παῖς τοῦ Ἀρκεσιλάου Λίχας.
[2.1] II. The statue of a pancratiast was made by Lysippus. The athlete was the first to win the pancratium not only from Stratus itself but from the whole of Acarnania, and his name was Xenarces the son of Philandrides. Now after the Persian invasion the Lacedaemonians became keener breeders of horses than any other Greeks. For beside those I have already mentioned, the following horse-breeders from Sparta have their statues set up after that of the Acarnanian athlete Xenarces, Lycinus, Arcesilaus, and Lichas his son.
[2] Ξενάρκει μὲν δὴ καὶ ἐν Δελφοῖς καὶ ἐν Ἄργει τε ὑπῆρξε καὶ ἐν Κορίνθῳ προσανελέσθαι νίκας: Λυκῖνος δὲ ἀγαγὼν ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν πώλους, καὶ οὐ δοκιμασθέντος ἑνὸς ἐξ αὐτῶν, καθῆκεν ἐς τῶν ἵππων τὸν δρόμον τῶν τελείων τοὺς πώλους καὶ ἐνίκα δι᾽ αὐτῶν, ἀνέθηκε δὲ καὶ ἀνδριάντας δύο ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν, Μύρωνος τοῦ Ἀθηναίου ποιήματα. τῷ δὲ Ἀρκεσιλάῳ καὶ Λίχᾳ τῷ παιδί, τῷ μὲν αὐτῶν γεγόνασι δύο Ὀλυμπικαὶ νῖκαι, Λίχας δὲ εἰργομένων τηνικαῦτα τοῦ ἀγῶνος Λακεδαιμονίων καθῆκεν ἐπὶ ὀνόματι τοῦ Θηβαίων δήμου τὸ ἅρμα, τὸν δὲ ἡνίοχον νικήσαντα ἀνέδησεν αὐτὸς ταινίᾳ: καὶ ἐπὶ τούτῳ μαστιγοῦσιν αὐτὸν οἱ Ἑλλανοδίκαι, καὶ διὰ τὸν Λίχαν τοῦτον ἡ κατὰ
[2.2] Xenarces succeeded in winning other victories, at Delphi, at Argos and at Corinth. Lycinus brought foals to Olympia, and when one of them was disqualified, entered his foals for the race for full-grown horses, winning with them. He also dedicated two statues at Olympia, works of Myron the Athenian. As for Arcesilaus and his son Lichas, the father won two Olympic victories; his son, because in his time the Lacedaemonians were excluded from the games, entered his chariot in the name of the Theban people, and with his own hands bound the victorious charioteer with a ribbon. For this offence he was scourged by the umpires,
[3] Ἆγιν βασιλέα ἐπιστρατεία Λακεδαιμονίων ἐγένετο ἐπὶ Ἠλείους καὶ ἐντὸς τῆς Ἄλτεως μάχη. καταπαυσθέντος δὲ τοῦ πολέμου τὴν μὲν εἰκόνα ἐνταῦθα ἔστησε, τὰ δὲ Ἠλείων ἐς τοὺς Ὀλυμπιονίκας καὶ γράμματα οὐ Λίχαν, Θηβαίων δὲ τὸν δῆμον ἔχει νενικηκότα.
[2.3] and on account of this Lichas the Lacedaemonians invaded Elis in the reign of King Agis, when a battle took place within the Altis. When the war was over Lichas set up the statue in this place, but the Elean records of Olympic victors give as the name of the victor, not Lichas, but the Theban people.
[4] τοῦ δὲ Λίχα πλησίον μάντις ἕστηκεν Ἠλεῖος Θρασύβουλος Αἰνέου τῶν Ἰαμιδῶν, ὃς καὶ Μαντινεῦσιν ἐμαντεύσατο ἐναντία Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ Ἄγιδος τοῦ Εὐδαμίδου βασιλέως: ἃ δὴ καὶ ἐς πλέον ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τῷ ἐς Ἀρκάδας ἐπέξειμι. τοῦ Θρασυβούλου δὲ τῇ εἰκόνι γαλεώτης πρὸς τὸν ὦμον προσέρπων ἐστὶ τὸν δεξιόν, καὶ κύων ἱερεῖον δὴ παρ᾽ αὐτῷ κεῖται διατετμημένος τε δίχα καὶ φαίνων τὸ ἧπαρ.
[2.4] Near Lichas stands an Elean diviner, Thrasybulus, son of Aeneas of the Iamid family, who divined for the Mantineans in their struggle against the Lacedaemonians under Agis, son of Eudamidas, their king. I shall have more to say about this in my account of the Arcadians. On the statue of Thrasybulus is a spotted lizard crawling towards his right shoulder, and by his side lies a dog, obviously a sacrificial victim, cut open and with his liver exposed.
[5] μαντικὴ δὲ ἡ μὲν δι᾽ ἐρίφων καὶ ἀρνῶν τε καὶ μόσχων ἐκ παλαιοῦ δήλη καθεστῶσά ἐστιν ἀνθρώποις, Κύπριοι δὲ ὡς καὶ ὑσὶν ἐπεξευρόντες ἔστι μαντεύεσθαι, κυσὶ δὲ οὐδένες ἐπί γε μαντικῆς νομίζουσιν οὐδὲν χρᾶσθαι: ἔοικεν οὖν ἰδίαν τινὰ ὁ Θρασύβουλος ἐπὶ σπλάγχνων μαντικὴν κυνείων καταστήσασθαι. οἱ δ᾽ Ἰαμίδαι καλούμενοι μάντεις γεγόνασιν ἀπὸ Ἰάμου: τὸν δὲ εἶναι παῖδα Ἀπόλλωνος καὶ λαβεῖν μαντικήν φησιν ἐν ᾁσματι Πίνδαρος.
[2.5] Divination by kids, lambs or calves has, we all know, been established among men from ancient times, and the Cyprians have even discovered how to practise the art by means of pigs; but no peoples are wont to make any use of dogs in divining. So Thrasybulus apparently established a method of divination peculiar to himself, by means of the entrails of dogs. The diviners called Iamidae are descended from Iamus, who, Pindar says in an ode, was a son of Apollo and received the gift of divination from him.
[6] παρὰ δὲ τοῦ Θρασυβούλου τὴν εἰκόνα Τιμοσθένης τε Ἠλεῖος ἕστηκε σταδίου νίκην ἐν παισὶν εἰληφὼς καὶ Μιλήσιος Ἀντίπατρος Κλεινοπάτρου παῖδας κατειργασμένος πύκτας. Συρακοσίων δὲ ἄνδρες, ἄγοντες ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν παρὰ Διονυσίου θυσίαν, τὸν πατέρα τοῦ Ἀντιπάτρου χρήμασιν ἀναπείθουσιν ἀναγορευθῆναί οἱ τὸν παῖδα ἐκ Συρακουσῶν: Ἀντίπατρος δὲ ἐν οὐδενὶ τοῦ τυράννου τὰ δῶρα ἡγούμενος ἀνεῖπεν αὑτὸν Μιλήσιον καὶ ἀνέγραψε τῇ εἰκόνι ὡς γένος τε εἴη Μιλήσιος καὶ Ἰώνων ἀναθείη πρῶτος ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν εἰκόνα.
[2.
6] By the statue of Thrasybulus stands Timosthenes of Elis, winner of the foot-race for boys, and Antipater of Miletus, son of Cleinopater, conqueror of the boy boxers. Men of Syracuse, who were bringing a sacrifice from Dionysius to Olympia, tried to bribe the father of Antipater to have his son proclaimed as a Syracusan. But Antipater, thinking naught of the tyrant’s gifts, proclaimed himself a Milesian and wrote upon his statue that he was of Milesian descent and the first Ionian to dedicate his statue at Olympia.
[7] τούτου μὲν δὴ Πολύκλειτος τὸν ἀνδριάντα εἰργάσατο, τὸν δὲ Τιμοσθένην Εὐτυχίδης Σικυώνιος παρὰ Λυσίππῳ δεδιδαγμένος: ὁ δὲ Εὐτυχίδης οὗτος καὶ Σύροις τοῖς ἐπὶ Ὀρόντῃ Τύχης ἐποίησεν ἄγαλμα, μεγάλας παρὰ τῶν ἐπιχωρίων ἔχον τιμάς.
[2.7] The artist who made this statue was Polycleitus, while that of Timosthenes was made by Eutychides of Sicyon, a pupil of Lysippus. This Eutychides made for the Syrians on the Orontes an image of Fortune, which is highly valued by the natives.
[8] ἐν δὲ τῇ Ἄλτει παρὰ τὸν τοῦ Τιμοσθένους ἀνδριάντα ἀνάκειται Τίμων καὶ ὁ παῖς τοῦ Τίμωνος Αἴσυπος, παιδίον ἐπὶ ἵππῳ καθήμενον: ἔστι γὰρ δὴ καὶ ἡ νίκη τῷ παιδὶ ἵππου κέλητος, ὁ Τίμων δὲ ἐπὶ ἅρματι ἀνηγορεύθη. τῷ δὲ Τίμωνι εἰργάσατο καὶ τῷ παιδὶ τὰς εἰκόνας Δαίδαλος Σικυώνιος, ὃς καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ
Λακωνικῇ νίκῃ τὸ ἐν τῇ Ἄλτει τρόπαιον ἐποίησεν Ἠλείοις.
[2.8] In the Altis by the side of Timosthenes are statues of Timon and of his son Aesypus, who is represented as a child seated on a horse. In fact the boy won the horse-race, while Timon was proclaimed victor in the chariot-race. The statues of Timon and of his son were made by Daedalus of Sicyon, who also made for the Eleans the trophy in the Altis commemorating the victory over the Spartans.
[9] ἐπίγραμμα δὲ τὸ ἐπὶ τῷ Σαμίῳ πύκτῃ τὸν ἀναθέντα μὲν ὅτι ὁ παιδοτρίβης εἴη Μύκων καὶ ὅτι Σάμιοι τὰ ἐς ἀθλητὰς καὶ ἐπὶ ναυμαχίαις εἰσὶν Ἰώνων ἄριστοι, τάδε μὲν λέγει τὸ ἐπίγραμμα, ἐς δὲ αὐτὸν τὸν πύκτην ἐσήμαινεν οὐδέν.
[2.9] The inscription on the Samian boxer says that his trainer Mycon dedicated the statue and that the Samians are best among the Ionians for athletes and at naval warfare; this is what the inscription says, but it tells us nothing at all about the boxer himself.
[10] παρὰ δὲ Μεσσήνιος Δαμίσκος, ὃς δύο γεγονὼς ἔτη καὶ δέκα ἐνίκησεν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ. θαῦμα δὲ εἴπερ ἄλλο τι καὶ τόδε ἐποιησάμην: Μεσσηνίους γὰρ ἐκ Πελοποννήσου φεύγοντας ἐπέλιπεν ἡ περὶ τὸν ἀγῶνα τύχη τὸν Ὀλυμπικόν. ὅτι γὰρ μὴ Λεοντίσκος καὶ Σύμμαχος τῶν ἐπὶ πορθμῷ Μεσσηνίων, ἄλλος γε οὐδεὶς Μεσσήνιος οὔτε Σικελιώτης οὔτ᾽ ἐκ Ναυπάκτου δῆλός ἐστιν Ὀλυμπίασιν ἀνῃρημένος νίκην: εἶναι δὲ οἱ Σικελιῶται καὶ τούτους τῶν ἀρχαίων Ζαγκλαίων καὶ οὐ Μεσσηνίους φασί.
[2.10] Beside this is the Messenian Damiscus, who won an Olympic victory at the age of twelve. I was exceedingly surprised to learn that while the Messenians were in exile from the Peloponnesus, their luck at the Olympic games failed. For with the exception of Leontiscus and Symmachus, who came from Messene on the Strait, we know of no Messenian, either from Sicily or from Naupactus, who won a victory at Olympia. Even these two are said by the Sicilians to have been not Messenians but of old Zanclean blood.
[11] συγκατῆλθε μέντοι Μεσσηνίοις ἐς Πελοπόννησον καὶ ἡ περὶ τὸν ἀγῶνα τύχη τὸν Ὀλυμπικόν: ἐνιαυτῷ γὰρ ὕστερον τοῦ οἰκισμοῦ τοῦ Μεσσήνης ἀγόντων Ὀλύμπια Ἠλείων ἐνίκα στάδιον παῖδας ὁ Δαμίσκος οὗτος, καί οἱ καὶ πενταθλήσαντι ὕστερον ἐγένοντο ἐν Νεμέᾳ τε νῖκαι καὶ Ἰσθμοῖ.
[2.11] However, when the Messenians came back to the Peloponnesus their luck in the Olympic games came with them. For at the festival celebrated by the Eleans in the year after the settlement of Messene, the foot-race for boys was won by this Damiscus, who afterwards won in the pentathlum both at Nemea and at the Isthmus.
3. Δαμίσκου δὲ ἐγγύτατα ἕστηκεν ἀνὴρ ὅστις δή, τὸ γὰρ ὄνομα οὐ λέγουσιν ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ, Πτολεμαίου δὲ ἀνάθημά ἐστι τοῦ Λάγου: Μακεδόνα δὲ αὑτὸν ὁ Πτολεμαῖος ἐν τῷ ἐπιγράμματι ἐκάλεσε, βασιλεύων ὅμως Αἰγύπτου. Χαιρέᾳ δὲ Σικυωνίῳ πύκτῃ παιδὶ ἐπίγραμμά ἐστιν ὡς νικήσειεν ἡλικίαν νέος καὶ ὡς πατρὸς εἴη Χαιρήμονος, γέγραπται δὲ καὶ ὁ τὸν ἀνδριάντα εἰργασμένος Ἀστερίων Αἰσχύλου.
[3.1] III. Nearest to Damiscus stands a statue of somebody; they do not give his name, but it was Ptolemy son of Lagus who set up the offering. In the inscription Ptolemy calls himself a Macedonian, though he was king of Egypt. On Chaereas of Sicyon, a boy boxer, is an inscription that he won a victory when a young man, and that his father was Chaeremon; the name of the artist who made the statue is also written, Asterion son of Aeschylus.
[2] μετὰ δὲ τὸν Χαιρέαν Μεσσήνιός τε παῖς Σόφιος καὶ ἀνὴρ Ἠλεῖος ἀνάκειται Στόμιος, καὶ τῷ μὲν τοὺς συνθέοντας τῶν παίδων παρελθεῖν, Στομίῳ δὲ πενταθλοῦντι ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ καὶ Νεμείων τρεῖς ὑπῆρξεν ἀνελέσθαι νίκας. τὸ δὲ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ καὶ τάδε ἐπιλέγει, τῆς ἵππου τε Ἠλείοις αὐτὸν ἡγούμενον ἀναστῆσαι τρόπαια καὶ ἄνδρα τοῖς πολεμίοις στρατηγοῦντα ἀποθανεῖν ὑπὸ τοῦ Στομίου, μονομαχήσαντά οἱ κατὰ πρόκλησιν:
[3.2] After Chaereas are statues of a Messenian boy Sophius and of Stomius, a man of Elis. Sophius outran his boy competitors, and Stomius won a victory in the pentathlum at Olympia and three at the Nemean games. The inscription on his statue adds that, when commander of the Elean cavalry, he set up trophies and killed in single combat the general of the enemy, who had challenged him.
[3] εἶναι δὲ αὐτὸν ἐκ Σικυῶνος οἱ Ἠλεῖοί φασι καὶ ἄρχειν Σικυωνίων, στρατεῦσαι δὲ ἐπὶ Σικυῶνα αὐτοὶ φιλίᾳ Θηβαίων ὁμοῦ τῇ ἐκ Βοιωτίας δυνάμει. φαίνοιτο ἂν οὖν ἡ ἐπὶ Σικυῶνα Ἠλείων καὶ Θηβαίων στρατεία γεγενῆσθαι μετὰ τὸ ἀτύχημα Λακεδαιμονίων τὸ ἐν Λεύκτροις.
[3.3] The Eleans say that the dead general was a native of Sicyon in command of Sicyonian troops, and that they themselves with the force from Boeotia attacked Sicyon out of friendship to the Thebans. So the attack of the Eleans and Thebans against Sicyon apparently took place after the Lacedaemonian disaster at Leuctra.
[4] ἐφεξῆς δὲ ἀνάκειται μὲν πύκτης ἐκ Λεπρέου τοῦ Ἠλείων, Λάβαξ Εὔφρονος, ἀνάκειται δὲ καὶ ἐξ αὐτῆς Ἤλιδος παλαιστὴ
ς ἀνὴρ Ἀριστόδημος Θράσιδος: γεγόνασι δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ Πυθοῖ δύο νῖκαι, ἡ δὲ εἰκών ἐστι τοῦ Ἀριστοδήμου τέχνη Δαιδάλου τοῦ Σικυωνίου, μαθητοῦ καὶ πατρὸς Πατροκλέους.
[3.4] Next stands the statue of a boxer from Lepreus in Elis, whose name was Labax son of Euphron, and also that of Aristodemus, son of Thrasis, a boxer from Elis itself, who also won two victories at Pytho. The statue of Aristodemus is the work of Daedalus of Sicyon, the pupil and son of Patrocles.
[5] Ἵππον δὲ Ἠλεῖον πυγμῇ παῖδας κρατήσαντα ἐποίησε Δαμόκριτος Σικυώνιος, ὃς ἐς πέμπτον διδάσκαλον ἀνῄει τὸν Ἀττικὸν Κριτίαν: Πτόλιχος μὲν γὰρ ἔμαθεν ὁ Κορκυραῖος παρ᾽ αὐτῷ Κριτίᾳ, Πτολίχου δὲ ἦν μαθητὴς Ἀμφίων, Πίσων δὲ ἀνὴρ ἐκ Καλαυρείας ἐδιδάχθη παρ᾽ Ἀμφίονι, ὁ δὲ παρὰ τῷ Πίσωνι Δαμόκριτος.
[3.5] The statue of Hippus of Elis, who won the boys’ boxing-match, was made by Damocritus of Sicyon, of the school of Attic Critias, being removed from him by four generations of teachers. For Gritias himself taught Ptolichus of Corcyra, Amphion was the pupil of Ptolichus, and taught Pison of Calaureia, who was the teacher of Damocritus.
[6] Κρατῖνος δὲ ἐξ Αἰγείρας τῆς Ἀχαιῶν τότε ἐγένετο κάλλιστος τῶν ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ καὶ σὺν τέχνῃ μάλιστα ἐπάλαισε, καταπαλαίσαντι δὲ αὐτῷ τοὺς παῖδας προσαναστῆσαι καὶ τὸν παιδοτρίβην ὑπὸ Ἠλείων ἐδόθη: τὸν δὲ ἀνδριάντα ἐποίησε Σικυώνιος Κάνθαρος, Ἀλέξιδος μὲν πατρός, διδασκάλου δὲ ὢν Εὐτυχίδου.