by Pausanias
[14.3] When, however, the time arrived for the contest held by the Ionians of Smyrna, his strength had so increased that he beat in the pancratium on the same day those who had competed with him at Olympia, after the boys the beardless youths as they are called, and thirdly the pick of the men. His match with the beardless youths was the outcome, they say, of a trainer’s encouragement; he fought the men because of the insult of a man pancratiast. Artemidorus won an Olympic victory among the men at the two hundred and twelfth Festival.
[4] Νικασύλου δὲ τῆς εἰκόνος ἵππος τε οὐ μέγας ἔχεται χαλκοῦς, ὃν Κρόκων Ἐρετριεὺς ἀνέθηκεν ἀνελόμενος κέλητι ἵππῳ στέφανον, καὶ πλησίον τοῦ ἵππου Τελέστας ἐστὶ Μεσσήνιος κρατήσας πυγμῇ παῖδας: Σιλανίωνος δὲ ἔργον ἐστὶν ὁ Τελέστας.
[14.4] Next to the statue of Nicasylus is a small bronze horse, which Crocon of Eretria dedicated when he won a crown with a racehorse. Near the horse is Telestas of Messene, who won the boys’ boxing-match. The artist who represented Telestas was Silanion.
[5] Μίλωνα δὲ τὸν Διοτίμου πεποίηκε μὲν Δαμέας ἐκ Κρότωνος καὶ οὗτος: ἐγένοντο δὲ τῷ Μίλωνι ἓξ μὲν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ πάλης νῖκαι, μία δὲ ἐν παισὶν ἐξ αὐτῶν, Πυθοῖ δὲ ἔν τε ἀνδράσιν ἓξ καὶ μία ἐνταῦθα ἐν παισίν. ἀφίκετο δὲ καὶ ἕβδομον παλαίσων ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν: ἀλλὰ γὰρ οὐκ ἐγένετο οἷός τε καταπαλαῖσαι Τιμασίθεον πολίτην τε ὄντα αὐτῷ καὶ ἡλικίᾳ νέον, πρὸς δὲ καὶ σύνεγγυς οὐκ ἐθέλοντα ἵστασθαι.
[14.5] The statue of Milo the son of Diotimus was made by Dameas, also a native of Crotona. Milo won six victories for wrestling at Olympia, one of them among the boys; at Pytho he won six among the men and one among the boys. He came to Olympia to wrestle for the seventh time, but did not succeed in mastering Timasitheus, a fellow-citizen who was also a young man, and who refused, moreover, to come to close quarters with him.
[6] λέγεται δὲ καὶ ὡς ἐσκομίσειεν αὐτὸς αὑτοῦ τὸν ἀνδριάντα ἐς τὴν Ἄλτιν ὁ Μίλων, λέγεται δὲ ἐς αὐτὸν καὶ τὸ ἐπὶ τῇ ῥοιᾷ καὶ τὸ ἐπὶ τῷ δίσκῳ: ῥοιὰν μὲν δὴ οὕτω κατεῖχεν ὡς μήτε ἄλλῳ παρεῖναι βιαζομένῳ μήτε αὐτὸς λυμήνασθαι πιέζων, ἱστάμενος δὲ ἐπὶ ἀληλιμμένῳ τῷ δίσκῳ γέλωτα ἐποιεῖτο τοὺς ἐμπίπτοντάς τε καὶ ὠθοῦντας ἀπὸ τοῦ δίσκου. παρείχετο δὲ καὶ ἄλλα τοιάδε ἐς ἐπίδειξιν.
[14.6] It is further stated that Milo carried his own statue into the Altis. His feats with the pomegranate and the quoit are also remembered by tradition. He would grasp a pomegranate so firmly that nobody could wrest it from him by force, and yet he did not damage it by pressure. He would stand upon a greased quoit, and make fools of those who charged him and tried to push him from the quoit. He used to perform also the following exhibition feats.
[7] περιέδει τῷ μετώπῳ χορδὴν κατὰ ταὐτὰ δὴ καὶ εἰ ταινίαν περιθεῖτο ἢ στέφανον: κατέχων δὲ ἐντὸς χειλῶν τὸ ἆσθμα καὶ ἐμπιπλὰς αἵματος τὰς ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ φλέβας, διερρήγνυεν ὑπὸ ἰσχύος τῶν φλεβῶν τὴν χορδήν. λέγεται δὲ καὶ ὡς τῆς δεξιᾶς χειρὸς τὸ μὲν ἐς τὸν ἀγκῶνα ἐκ τοῦ ὤμου παρ᾽ αὐτὴν καθίει τὴν πλευράν, τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀγκῶνος ἔτεινεν ἐς εὐθύ, τῶν δακτύλων τὸν μὲν αὐτῶν ἀναστρέφων τὸν ἀντίχειρα ἐς τὸ ἄνω, τῶν λοιπῶν δὲ ἀλλήλοις ἐπικειμένων κατὰ στοῖχον: τὸν ἐλάχιστον οὖν τῶν δακτύλων κάτω γινόμενον οὐκ ἀπεκίνησεν ἄν τις βιαζόμενος.
[14.7] He would tie a cord round his forehead as though it were a ribbon or a crown. Holding his breath and filling with blood the veins on his head, he would break the cord by the strength of these veins. It is said that he would let down by his side his right arm from the shoulder to the elbow, and stretch out straight the arm below the elbow, turning the thumb upwards, while the other fingers lay in a row. In this position, then, the little finger was lowest, but nobody could bend it back by pressure.
[8] ἀποθανεῖν δὲ ὑπὸ θηρίων φασὶν αὐτόν: ἐπιτυχεῖν γὰρ αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ Κροτωνιάτιδι αὐαινομένῳ ξύλῳ, σφῆνες δὲ ἐγκείμενοι διίστασαν τὸ ξύλον: ὁ δὲ ὑπὸ φρονήματος ὁ Μίλων καθίησι τὰς χεῖρας ἐς τὸ ξύλον, ὀλισθάνουσί τε δὴ οἱ σφῆνες καὶ ἐχόμενος ὁ Μίλων ὑπὸ τοῦ ξύλου λύκοις ἐγίνετο εὕρημα. μάλιστα δέ πως τὸ θηρίον τοῦτο ἐν τῇ Κροτωνιάτιδι πολύ τε νέμεται καὶ ἄφθονον.
[14.8] They say that he was killed by wild beasts. The story has it that he came across in the land of Crotona a tree-trunk that was drying up; wedges were inserted to keep the trunk apart. Milo in his pride thrust his hands into the trunk, the wedges slipped, and Milo was held fast by the trunk until the wolves – a beast that roves in vast packs in the land of Crotona – made him their prey.
[9] Μίλωνι μὲν δὴ τοιόνδε τέλος ἐπηκολούθησε: Πύρρον δὲ τὸν Αἰακίδου βασιλεύσαντα ἐν τῇ Θεσπρωτίδι ἠπείρῳ καὶ ἔργα πολλὰ ἐργασάμενον καὶ ἄξια μνήμης, ἃ ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τῷ ἐς Ἀθηναίους ἐδήλωσα, τοῦτον ἐς τὴν Ἄλτιν ἀνέθηκε Θρασύβουλος Ἠλεῖος. παρὰ δὲ τὸν Πύρρον ἀνὴρ μικρὸς αὐλοὺς ἔχων ἐστὶν ἐκτετυπωμένος ἐπὶ στήλῃ. τούτῳ Πυθικαὶ νῖκαι γεγόνασι τῷ ἀνδρὶ δευτέρῳ μετὰ Σακάδαν τὸν Ἀργεῖον:
[14.9] Such was the fate that overtook Milo. Pyrrhus, the son of Aeacides, who was king on the Thesprotian mainland and performed many remarkable deeds, as I have related in my account of the Athenians, had his statue dedicated by Thrasybulus of Elis. Beside Pyrrhus is a little man holding flutes, carved in relief upon a slab. This man won Pythian victories next after Sacadas of Argos.
[10] Σακάδας μὲν γὰρ τὸν ἀγῶνα τὸν τεθέντα ὑπὸ Ἀμφικτυόνων οὐκ ὄντα πω στεφανίτην καὶ ἐπ᾽ ἐκείνῳ στεφανίτας δύο ἐνίκησε, Πυθόκριτος δὲ ὁ Σικυώνιος τὰς ἐφεξῆς τούτων πυθιάδας ἕξ, μόνος δὴ οὗτος αὐλητής: δῆλα δὲ ὅτι καὶ ἐν τῷ ἀγῶνι τῷ Ὀλυμπίασιν ἐπηύλησεν ἑξάκις τῷ πεντάθλῳ. Πυθοκρίτῳ μὲν γέγονεν ἀντὶ τούτων ἡ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ στήλη καὶ ἐπίγραμμα ἐπ᾽ αὐτῇ,”Πυθοκρίτου
τοῦ Καλλινίκου μνᾶμα ταὐλητᾶ τάδε:
“ἀνέθεσαν δὲ καὶ τὸ κοινὸν τὸ Αἰτωλῶν Κύλωνα, ὃς
[14.10] For Sacadas won in the games introduced by the Amphictyons before a crown was awarded for success, and after this victory two others for which crowns were given; but at the next six Pythian Festivals Pythocritus of Sicyon was victor, being the only flute-player so to distinguish himself. It is also clear that at the Olympic Festival he fluted six times for
the pentathlum. For these reasons the slab at Olympia was erected in honor of Pythocritus, with the inscription on it:–
This is the monument of the flute-player Pythocritus, the son of Callinicus.
[11] ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀριστοτίμου τυραννίδος ἠλευθέρωσεν Ἠλείους. Γόργον δὲ τὸν Εὐκλήτου Μεσσήνιον ἀνελόμενον πεντάθλου νίκην καὶ Δαμάρετον καὶ τοῦτον Μεσσήνιον κρατήσαντα πυγμῇ παῖδας, τὸν μὲν αὐτῶν Βοιώτιος Θήρων, Δαμαρέτου δὲ τὴν εἰκόνα Ἀθηναῖος Σιλανίων ἐποίησεν. Ἀναυχίδας δὲ ὁ Φίλυος Ἠλεῖος πάλης ἔσχεν ἐν παισὶ στέφανον καὶ ἐν ἀνδράσιν ὕστερον: τούτῳ μὲν δὴ τὴν εἰκόνα ὅστις ὁ εἰργασμένος ἐστὶν οὐκ ἴσμεν, Ἄνοχος δὲ ὁ Ἀδαμάτα Ταραντῖνος, σταδίου λαβὼν καὶ διαύλου νίκην, ἐστὶν Ἀγελάδα τέχνη τοῦ Ἀργείου.
[14.11] The Aetolian League dedicated a statue of Cylon, who delivered the Eleans from the tyranny of Aristotimus. The statue of Gorgus, the son of Eucletus, a Messenian who won a victory in the pentathlum, was made by the Boeotian Theron; that of Damaretus, another Messenian, who won the boys’ boxing-match, was made by the Athenian Silanion. Anauchidas, the son of Philys, an Elean, won a crown in the boys’ wrestling-match and afterwards in the match for men. Who made his statue is not known, but Ageladas of Argos made the statue of Anochus of Tarentum, the son of Adamatas, who won victories in the short and double foot-race.
[12] παῖδα δὲ ἐφ᾽ ἵππου καθήμενον καὶ ἑστηκότα ἄνδρα παρὰ τὸν ἵππον φησὶ τὸ ἐπίγραμμα εἶναι Ξενόμβροτον ἐκ Κῶ τῆς Μεροπίδος, ἐπὶ ἵππου νίκῃ κεκηρυγμένον, Ξενόδικον δὲ ἐπὶ πυγμῇ παίδων ἀναγορευθέντα: τὸν μὲν Παντίας αὐτῶν, Ξενόμβροτον δὲ Φιλότιμος Αἰγινήτης ἐποίησε. Πύθου δὲ τοῦ Ἀνδρομάχου, γένος ἀνδρὸς ἐξ Ἀβδήρων, ἐποίησε μὲν Λύσιππος, ἀνέθεσαν δὲ οἱ στρατιῶται δύο εἰκόνας: εἶναι δὲ ἡγεμών τις ξένων ἢ καὶ ἄλλως τὰ πολεμικὰ ἀγαθὸς ὁ Πύθης ἔοικε.
[14.12] A boy seated on a horse and a man standing by the horse the inscription declares to be Xenombrotus of Meropian Cos, who was proclaimed victor in the horse-race, and Xenodicus, who was announced a winner in the boys’ boxing-match. The statue of the latter is by Pantias, that of the former is by Philotimus the Aeginetan. The two statues of Pythes, the son of Andromachus, a native of Abdera, were made by Lysippus, and were dedicated by his soldiers. Pythes seems to have been a captain of mercenaries or some sort of distinguished soldier.
[13] κεῖνται δὲ καὶ ἐν παισὶν εἰληφότες δρόμου νίκας Μενεπτόλεμος ἐξ Ἀπολλωνίας τῆς ἐν τῷ Ἰονίῳ κόλπῳ καὶ Κορκυραῖος Φίλων, ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτοῖς Ἱερώνυμος Ἄνδριος, ὃς τὸν Ἠλεῖον Τισαμενὸν πενταθλοῦντα ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ κατεπάλαισε τὸν ἐν Ἕλλησιν ὕστερον τούτων ἐναντία Μαρδονίου καὶ Μήδων Πλαταιᾶσι μαντευσάμενον. οὗτός τε δὴ ὁ Ἱερώνυμος ἀνάκειται καὶ παρ᾽ αὐτὸν παλαιστὴς παῖς, Ἄνδριος καὶ οὗτος, Προκλῆς ὁ Λυκαστίδα: τοῖς πλάσταις δὲ οἳ τοὺς ἀνδριάντας ἐποίησαν, τῷ μὲν Στόμιός ἐστιν ὄνομα, τῷ δὲ τὸν Προκλέα εἰργασμένῳ Σῶμις. Αἰσχίνῃ δὲ Ἠλείῳ νῖκαί τε δύο ἐγένοντο πεντάθλου καὶ ἴσαι ταῖς νίκαις αἱ εἰκόνες.
[14.13] There are statues of winners of the boys’ race, namely, Meneptolemus of Apollonia on the Ionian Gulf and Philo of Corcyra; also Hieronymus of Andros, who defeated in the pentathlum at Olympia Tisamenus of Elis, who afterwards served as soothsayer in the Greek army that fought against Mardonius and the Persians at Plataea. By the side of this Hieronymus is a statue of a boy wrestler, also of Andros, Procles, the son of Lycastidas. The sculptor who made the statue of Lycastidas was named Stomius, while Somis made the statue of Procles. Aeschines of Elis won two victories in the pentathlum, and his statues are also two in number.
15. Ἀρχίππῳ δὲ Μιτυληναίῳ τοὺς ἐς τὴν πυγμὴν ἐσελθόντας κρατήσαντι ἄνδρας ἄλλο τοιόνδε προσποιοῦσιν οἱ Μιτυληναῖοι ἐς δόξαν, ὡς καὶ τὸν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ καὶ Πυθοῖ καὶ Νεμέᾳ καὶ Ἰσθμῷ λάβοι στέφανον ἡλικίαν οὐ πρόσω γεγονὼς ἐτῶν εἴκοσι. τὸν δὲ παῖδα σταδιοδρόμον Ξένωνα Καλλιτέλους ἐν Λεπρέου τοῦ ἐν τῇ Τριφυλίᾳ Πυριλάμπης Μεσσήνιος, Κλεινόμαχον δὲ Ἠλεῖον ὅστις ὁ ποιήσας ἐστὶν οὐκ ἴσμεν: ἀνηγορεύθη δὲ ὁ Κλεινόμαχος ἐπὶ νίκῃ πεντάθλου.
[15.1] XV. Archippus of Mitylene overcame his competitors in the men’s boxing-match, and his fellow-townsmen hold that he added to his fame by winning the crown, when he was not more than twenty years old, at Olympia, at Pytho, at Nemea and at the Isthmus. The statue of the boy runner Xenon, son of Calliteles from Lepreus in Triphylia, was made by Pyrilampes the Messenan; who made the statue of Cleinomachus of Elis I do not know, but Cleinomachus was proclaimed victor in the pentathlum.
[2] Παντάρκην δὲ Ἠλεῖον Ἀχαιῶν ἀνάθημα εἶναι τὸ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ φησιν: εἰρήνην τε γὰρ Ἀχαιοῖς ποιῆσαι καὶ Ἠλείοις αὐτόν, καὶ ὅσοι παρ᾽ ἀμφοτέρων πολεμούντων ἑαλώκεσαν, ἄφεσιν καὶ τούτοις γενέσθαι καὶ δι᾽ αὐτόν. οὗτος ἀνείλετο καὶ κέλητι ἵππῳ νίκην ὁ Παντάρκης, καί οἱ καὶ τῆς νίκης ὑπόμνημά ἐστιν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ. Ὀλίδαν δὲ ἀνέθηκεν Ἠλεῖον τὸ ἔθνος τὸ Αἰτωλῶν, Χαρῖνος δὲ Ἠλεῖος ἐπὶ διαύλου τε ἀνάκειται καὶ ὅπλου νίκῃ: παρὰ δὲ αὐτὸν Ἀγέλης Χῖος κρατήσας πυγμῇ παῖδας, Θεομνήστου Σαρδιανοῦ τέχνη.
[15.2] The inscription on the statue of Pantarces of Elis states that it was dedicated by Achaeans, because he made peace between them and the Eleans, and procured the release of those who had been made prisoners by both sides during the war. This Pantarces also won a victory with a race-horse, and there is a memorial of his victory also at Olympia. The statue of Olidas, of Elis, was dedicated by the Aetolian nation, and Charinus of Elis is represented in a statue dedicated for a victory in the double race and in the race in armour. By his side is Ageles of Chios, victorious in the boys’ boxing-match, the artist being Theomnestus of Sardes.
[3] Κλειτομάχου δὲ Θηβαίου τὴν μὲν εἰκόνα ἀνέθηκεν Ἑρμοκράτης ὁ τοῦ Κλειτομάχου πατήρ, τὰ δὲ οἱ ἐς δόξαν ἦν τοιάδε. ἐν Ἰσθμῷ παλαιστὰς κατεπάλαισεν ἄνδρας καὶ ἐπὶ ἡμέρας τῆς αὐτῆς τούς τε ἐς τὴν πυγμὴν καὶ τοὺς ἐς τὸ παγκράτιον ἐσελθόντας ἐκράτει τῇ μάχῃ: αἱ δὲ Πυθοῖ νῖκαι παγκρατίου μέν εἰσιν αὐτῷ πᾶσαι, τρεῖς δὲ ἀριθμόν: ἐν δὲ Ὀλυμπίᾳ δεύτερος ὁ Κλειτόμαχος οὗτος μετὰ τὸν Θάσιον Θε�
�γένην ἐπὶ παγκρατίῳ τε ἀνηγορεύθη καὶ πυγμῇ.
[15.3] The statue of Cleitomachus of Thebes was dedicated by his father Hermocrates, and his famous deeds are these. At the isthmus he won the men’s wrestling-match, and on the same day he overcame all competitors in the boxing-match and in the pancratium. His victories at Pytho were all in the pancratium, three in number. At Olympia this Cleitomachus was the first after Theagenes of Thasos to be proclaimed victor in both boxing and the pancratium.
[4] παγκρατίου μὲν οὖν μιᾷ πρὸς ταῖς τεσσαράκοντα καὶ ἑκατὸν Ὀλυμπιάσιν ἔφθανεν ἀνῃρημένος νίκην: ἡ δὲ Ὀλυμπιὰς ἡ ἐφεξῆς εἶχε μὲν τὸν Κλειτόμαχον τοῦτον παγκρατίου καὶ πυγμῆς ἀγωνιστήν, εἶχε δὲ καὶ Ἠλεῖον Κάπρον ἐπὶ ἡμέρας τῆς αὐτῆς παλαῖσαί τε ὁμοῦ καὶ παγκρατιάσαι προθυμούμενον.
[15.4] He won his victory in the pancratium at the hundred and forty-first Olympic Festival. The next Festival saw this Cleitomachus a competitor in the pancratium and in boxing, while Caprus of Elis was minded both to wrestle and to compete in the pancratium on the same day.
[5] γεγονυίας δὲ ἤδη τῷ Κάπρῳ νίκης ἐπὶ τῇ πάλῃ, ἀνεδίδασκεν ὁ Κλειτόμαχος τοὺς Ἑλλανοδίκας γενήσεσθαι σὺν τῷ δικαίῳ σφίσιν, εἰ τὸ παγκράτιον ἐσκαλέσαιντο πρὶν ἢ πυκτεύσαντα αὐτὸν λαβεῖν τραύματα: λέγει τε δὴ εἰκότα καὶ οὕτως ἐσκληθέντος τοῦ παγκρατίου κρατηθεὶς ὑπὸ τοῦ Κάπρου ὅμως ἐχρήσατο ἐς τοὺς πύκτας θυμῷ τε ἐρρωμένῳ καὶ ἀκμῆτι τῷ σώματι.