by Pausanias
Onatas was contemporary with Hegias of Athens and Ageladas of Argos.
[11] ταύτης μάλιστα ἐγὼ τῆς Δήμητρος ἕνεκα ἐς Φιγαλίαν ἀφικόμην. καὶ ἔθυσα τῇ θεῷ, καθὰ καὶ οἱ ἐπιχώριοι νομίζουσιν, οὐδέν: τὰ δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν δένδρων τῶν ἡμέρων τά τε ἄλλα καὶ ἀμπέλου καρπὸν καὶ μελισσῶν τε κηρία καὶ ἐρίων τὰ μὴ ἐς ἐργασίαν πω ἥκοντα ἀλλὰ ἔτι ἀνάπλεα τοῦ οἰσύπου, ἃ τιθέασιν ἐπὶ τὸν βωμὸν τὸν ᾠκοδομημένον πρὸ τοῦ σπηλαίου, θέντες δὲ καταχέουσιν αὐτῶν ἔλαιον, ταῦτα ἰδιώταις τε ἀνδράσι καὶ ἀνὰ πᾶν ἔτος Φιγαλέων τῷ κοινῷ καθέστηκεν ἐς τὴν θυσίαν.
[42.11] It was mainly to see this Demeter that I came to Phigalia. I offered no burnt sacrifice to the goddess, that being a custom of the natives. But the rule for sacrifice by private persons, and at the annual sacrifice by the community of Phigalia, is to offer grapes and other cultivated fruits, with honeycombs and raw wool still full of its grease. These they place on the altar built before the cave, afterwards pouring oil over them.
[12] ἱέρεια δέ σφισίν ἐστιν ἡ δρῶσα, σὺν δὲ αὐτῇ καὶ τῶν ἱεροθυτῶν καλουμένων ὁ νεώτατος: οἱ δέ εἰσι τῶν ἀστῶν τρεῖς ἀριθμόν. ἔστι δὲ δρυῶν τε ἄλσος περὶ τὸ σπήλαιον καὶ ὕδωρ ψυχρὸν ἄνεισιν ἐκ τῆς γῆς. τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμα τὸ ὑπὸ τοῦ Ὀνάτα ποιηθὲν οὔτε ἦν κατ᾽ ἐμὲ οὔτε εἰ ἐγένετο ἀρχὴν Φιγαλεῦσιν ἠπίσταντο οἱ πολλοί:
[42.12] They have a priestess who performs the rites, and with her is the youngest of their “sacrificers,” as they are called, who are citizens, three in number. There is a grove of oaks around the cave, and a cold spring rises from the earth. The image made by Onatas no longer existed in my time, and most of the Phigalians were ignorant that it had ever existed at all.
[13] τῶν δὲ ἐντυχόντων ἡμῖν ἔλεγεν ὁ πρεσβύτατος γενεαῖς πρότερον τρισὶν ἢ κατ᾽ αὐτὸν ἐμπεσεῖν ἐς τὸ ἄγαλμα ἐκ τοῦ ὀρόφου πέτρας, ὑπὸ τούτων δὲ καταγῆναι καὶ ἐς ἅπαν ἔφασκεν αὐτὸ ἀφανισθῆναι: καὶ ἔν γε τῷ ὀρόφῳ δῆλα καὶ ἡμῖν ἔτι ἦν, καθὰ ἀπερρώγεσαν αἱ πέτραι.
[42.13] The oldest, however, of the inhabitants I met said that three generations before his time some stones had fallen on the image out of the roof; these crushed the image, destroying it utterly. Indeed, in the roof I could still discern plainly where the stones had broken away.
PALLANTIUM, MYTHICAL HISTORY
43. ἀπαιτεῖ δὲ ἡμᾶς τὸ μετὰ τοῦτο ὁ λόγος τό τε Παλλάντιον, εἰ δή τι αὐτόθι ἐστὶν ἐς μνήμην, καὶ καθ᾽ ἥντινα βασιλεὺς αἰτίαν Ἀντωνῖνος ὁ πρότερος πόλιν τε ἀντὶ κώμης ἐποίησε Παλλάντιον καί σφισιν ἐλευθερίαν καὶ ἀτέλειαν ἔδωκεν εἶναι φόρων.
[43.1] XLIII. My story next requires me to describe whatever is notable at Pallantium, and the reason why the emperor Antoninus the first turned it from a village to a city, giving its inhabitants liberty and freedom from taxation.
[2] φασὶ δὴ γενέσθαι καὶ γνώμην καὶ τὰ ἐς πόλεμον ἄριστον τῶν Ἀρκάδων ὄνομα Εὔανδρον, παῖδα δὲ αὐτὸν νύμφης τε εἶναι, θυγατρὸς τοῦ Λάδωνος, καὶ Ἑρμοῦ. σταλέντα δὲ ἐς ἀποικίαν καὶ ἄγοντα Ἀρκάδων τῶν ἐκ Παλλαντίου στρατιάν, παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ πόλιν τῷ Θύβριδι οἰκίσαι: καὶ Ῥωμαίων μέρος τῆς καθ᾽ ἡμᾶς πόλεως, ὃ ᾠκεῖτο ὑπὸ τοῦ Εὐάνδρου καὶ Ἀρκάδων τῶν συνακολουθησάντων, ὄνομα ἔσχε Παλλάντιον κατὰ μνήμην τῆς ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ: χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον μετέπεσε τὸ ὄνομα ἐν ἀναιρέσει γραμμάτων τοῦ τε λ καὶ τοῦ ν. τούτων μὲν τῶν λελεγμένων ἕνεκα Παλλαντιεῦσιν ἐκ βασιλέως ἐγένοντο δωρεαί:
[43.2] Well, the story is that the wisest man and the best soldier among the Arcadians was one Evander, whose mother was a nymph, a daughter of the Ladon, while his father was Hermes. Sent out to establish a colony at the head of a company of Arcadians from Pallantium, he founded a city on the banks of the river Tiber. That part of modern Rome, which once was the home of Evander and the Arcadians who accompanied him, got the name of Pallantium in memory of the city in Arcadia. Afterwards the name was changed by omitting the letters L and N. These are the reasons why the emperor bestowed boons upon Pallantium.
ANTONINUS OF ROME, HISTORY
[3] ὁ δὲ Ἀντωνῖνος, ὅτῳ καὶ ἐς Παλλαντιεῖς ἐστιν εὐεργετήματα, πόλεμον μὲν Ῥωμαίοις ἐθελοντὴς ἐπηγάγετο οὐδένα, πολέμου δὲ ἄρξαντας Μαύρους, Λιβύων τῶν αὐτονόμων τὴν μεγίστην μοῖραν, νομάδας τε ὄντας καὶ τοσῷδε ἔτι δυσμαχωτέρους τοῦ Σκυθικοῦ γένους ὅσῳ μὴ ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν, ἐπὶ ἵππων δὲ αὐτοί τε καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες ἠλῶντο, τούτους μὲν ἐξ ἁπάσης ἐλαύνων τῆς χώρας ἐς τὰ ἔσχατα ἠνάγκασεν ἀναφυγεῖν Λιβύης, ἐπί τε Ἄτλαντα τὸ ὄρος καὶ ἐς τοὺς πρὸς τῷ Ἄτλαντι ἀνθρώπους:
[43.3] Antoninus, the benefactor of PalIantium, never willingly involved the Romans in war; but when the Moors (who form the greatest part of the independent Libyans, being nomads, and more formidable enemies than even the Scythians in that they wandered, not on wagons, but on horseback with their womenfolk), when these, I say, began an unprovoked war, he drove them from all their country, forcing them to flee to the extreme parts of Libya, right up to Mount Atlas and to the people living on it.
[4] ἀπετέμετο δὲ καὶ τῶν ἐν Βριττανίᾳ Βριγάντων τὴν πολλήν, ὅτι ἐπεσβαίνειν καὶ οὗτοι σὺν ὅπλοις ἦρξαν ἐς τὴν Γενουνίαν μοῖραν, ὑπηκόους Ῥωμαίων. Λυκίων δὲ καὶ Καρῶν τὰς πόλεις Κῶν τε καὶ Ῥόδον ἀνέτρεψε μὲν βίαιος ἐς αὐτὰς κατασκήψας σεισμός: βασιλεὺς δὲ Ἀντωνῖνος καὶ ταύτας ἀνεσώσατο δαπανημάτων τε ὑπερβολῇ καὶ ἐς τὸν ἀνοικισμὸν προθυμίᾳ. χρημάτων δὲ ἐπιδόσεις ὁπόσας καὶ Ἕλλησι καὶ τοῦ βαρβαρικοῦ τοῖς δεηθεῖσι, καὶ ἔργων κατασκευὰς ἔν τε τῇ Ἑλλάδι καὶ περὶ Ἰωνίαν καὶ περὶ Καρχηδόνα τε καὶ ἐν γῇ τῇ Σύρων, τάδε μὲν ἄλλοι ἔγραψαν ἐς τὸ ἀκριβέστατον:
[43.4] He also took away from the Brigantes in Britain the greater part of their territory, because they too had begun an unprovoked war on the province of Genunia, a Roman dependency. The cities of Lycia and of Caria, along with Cos and Rhodes, were overthrown by a violent earthquake that smote them. These cities also were restored by the emperor Antoninus, who was keenly anxious to rebuild them, and devoted vast sums to this task. As to his gifts of money to Greeks, and to such non-Greeks as needed it, and his buildings in Greece,
Ionia, Carthage and Syria, others have written of them most exactly.
[5] ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς ὑπελίπετο οὗτος καὶ ἄλλο τοιόνδε ἐς μνήμην. ὅσοις τῶν ὑπηκόων πολίταις ὑπῆρχεν εἶναι Ῥωμαίων, οἱ δὲ παῖδες ἐτέλουν σφίσιν ἐς τὸ Ἑλληνικόν, τούτοις ἐλείπετο ἢ κατανεῖμαι τὰ χρήματα ἐς οὐ προσήκοντας ἢ ἐπαυξῆσαι τὸν βασιλέως πλοῦτον κατὰ νόμον δή τινα: Ἀντωνῖνος δὲ ἐφῆκε καὶ τούτοις διδόναι σφᾶς παισὶ τὸν κλῆρον, ὁ προτιμήσας φανῆναι φιλάνθρωπος ἢ ὠφέλιμον ἐς χρήματα φυλάξαι νόμον. τοῦτον Εὐσεβῆ τὸν βασιλέα ἐκάλεσαν οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι, διότι τῇ ἐς τὸ θεῖον τιμῇ μάλιστα ἐφαίνετο χρώμενος:
[43.5] But there is also another memorial of himself left by this emperor. There was a certain law whereby provincials who were themselves of Roman citizenship, while their children were considered of Greek nationality, were forced either to leave their property to strangers or let it increase the wealth of the emperor. Antoninus permitted all such to give to the children their heritage, choosing rather to show himself benevolent than to retain a law that swelled his riches. This emperor the Romans called Pius, because he showed himself to be a most religious man.
[6] δόξῃ δὲ ἐμῇ καὶ τὸ ὄνομα τὸ Κύρου φέροιτο ἂν τοῦ πρεσβυτέρου, πατὴρ ἀνθρώπων καλούμενος. ἀπέλιπε δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ βασιλείᾳ παῖδα ὁμώνυμον: ὁ δὲ Ἀντωνῖνος οὗτος ὁ δεύτερος καὶ τούς τε Γερμανούς, μαχιμωτάτους καὶ πλείστους τῶν ἐν τῇ Εὐρώπῃ βαρβάρων, καὶ ἔθνος τὸ Σαυροματῶν, πολέμου καὶ ἀδικίας ἄρξαντας, τιμωρούμενος ἐπεξῆλθε.
[43.6] In my opinion he might also be justly called by the same title as the elder Cyrus, who was styled Father of Men. He left to succeed him a son of the same name. This Antoninus the second brought retribution both on the Germans, the most numerous and warlike barbarians in Europe, and also on the Sarmatian nation, both of whom had been guilty of beginning a war of aggression.
HAEMONIAE & ORESTHASIUM
44. τὰ δὲ δὴ ἐπίλοιπα ἡμῖν τοῦ Ἀρκαδικοῦ λόγου ἔστιν ἐκ Μεγάλης πόλεως ἐς Παλλάντιον ὁδὸς καὶ ἐς Τεγέαν, ἄγουσα αὕτη μέχρι τοῦ καλουμένου Χώματος. κατὰ ταύτην τὴν ὁδὸν Λαδόκειά σφισιν ὠνόμασται τὰ πρὸ τοῦ ἄστεως ἀπὸ Λαδόκου τοῦ Ἐχέμου, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα Αἱμονιαὶ πόλις ἦσαν τὸ ἀρχαῖον: οἰκιστὴς δὲ Αἵμων ἐγένετο αὐταῖς ὁ Λυκάονος, διαμεμένηκε δὲ καὶ ἐς τόδε Αἱμονιὰς τὸ χωρίον τοῦτο ὀνομάζεσθαι.
[44.1] XLIV. To complete my account of Arcadia I have only to describe the road from Megalopolis to Pallantium and Tegea, which also takes us as far as what is called the Dyke. On this road is a suburb named Ladoceia after Ladocus, the son of Echemus, and after it is the site of what was in old times the city of Haemoniae. Its founder was Haemon the son of Lycaon, and the name of the place has remained Haemoniae to this day.
[2] μετὰ δὲ Αἱμονιὰς ἐν δεξιᾷ τῆς ὁδοῦ πόλεώς ἐστιν Ὀρεσθασίου καὶ ἄλλα ὑπολειπόμενα ἐς μνήμην καὶ Ἀρτέμιδος ἱεροῦ κίονες ἔτι: ἐπίκλησις δὲ Ἱέρεια τῇ Ἀρτέμιδί ἐστι. τὴν δὲ εὐθεῖαν ἰόντι ἐξ Αἱμονιῶν Ἀφροδίσιόν τέ ἐστιν ὀνομαζόμενον καὶ μετ᾽ αὐτὸ ἄλλο χωρίον τὸ Ἀθήναιον: τούτου δὲ ἐν ἀριστερᾷ ναός ἐστιν Ἀθηνᾶς καὶ ἄγαλμα ἐν αὐτῷ λίθου.
[44.2] After Haemoniae on the right of the road are some noteworthy remains of the city of Oresthasium, especially the pillars of a sanctuary of Artemis, which still are there. The surname of Artemis is Priestess. On the straight road from Haemoniae is a place called Aphrodisium, and after it another, called Athenaeum. On the left of it is a temple of Athena with a stone image in it.
RIVER EUROTAS & MT BOREIUS
[3] τοῦ Ἀθηναίου δὲ μάλιστα εἴκοσιν ἀπωτέρω σταδίοις ἐρείπια Ἀσέας ἐστί, καὶ ὁ λόφος ἀκρόπολις τότε οὖσα τείχους σημεῖα ἔχει καὶ ἐς τόδε. σταδίους δὲ ὅσον πέντε ἀπὸ Ἀσέας τοῦ Ἀλφειοῦ μὲν ὀλίγον ἄπο τῆς ὁδοῦ, τοῦ δὲ Εὐρώτα παρ᾽ αὐτήν ἐστιν ἡ πηγὴ τὴν ὁδόν: πρός τε τοῦ Ἀλφειοῦ τῇ πηγῇ ναός τε Μητρὸς θεῶν ἐστιν οὐκ ἔχων ὄροφον καὶ λέοντες λίθου δύο πεποιημένοι.
[44.3] About twenty stades away from Athenaeum are ruins of Asea, and the hill that once was the citadel has traces of fortifications to this day. Some five stades from Asea are the sources of the Alpheius and of the Eurotas, the former a little distance from the road, the latter just by the road itself. Near the source of the Alpheius is a temple of the Mother of the Gods without a roof, and two lions made of stone.
[4] τοῦ δὲ Εὐρώτα τὸ ὕδωρ ἀνακεράννυταί τε πρὸς τὸν Ἀλφειὸν καὶ ὅσον ἐπὶ εἴκοσι σταδίους κοινῷ προΐασι τῷ ῥεύματι: κατελθόντες δὲ ἐς χάσμα ὁ μὲν αὐτῶν ἄνεισιν αὖθις ἐν τῇ γῇ τῇ Λακεδαιμονίων ὁ Εὐρώτας, ὁ δὲ Ἀλφειὸς ἐν Πηγαῖς τῆς Μεγαλοπολίτιδος. ἔστι δὲ ἄνοδος ἐξ Ἀσέας ἐς τὸ ὄρος τὸ Βόρειον καλούμενον, καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ ἄκρᾳ τοῦ ὄρους σημεῖά ἐστιν ἱεροῦ: ποιῆσαι δὲ τὸ ἱερὸν Ἀθηνᾷ τε Σωτείρᾳ καὶ Ποσειδῶνι Ὀδυσσέα ἐλέγετο ἀνακομισθέντα ἐξ Ἰλίου.
[44.4] The waters of the Eurotas mingle with the Alpheius, and the united streams flow on for some twenty stades. Then they fall into a chasm, and the Eurotas comes again to the surface in the Lacedaemonian territory, the Alpheius at Pegae (Sources) in the land of Megalopolis. From Asea is an ascent up Mount Boreius, and on the top of the mountain are traces of a sanctuary. It is said that the sanctuary was built in honor of Athena Saviour and Poseidon by Odysseus after his return from Troy.
PALLANTIUM
[5] τὸ δὲ ὀνομαζόμενον Χῶμα ὅροι Μεγαλοπολίταις τῆς γῆς πρὸς Τεγεάτας καὶ Παλλαντιεῖς εἰσι: καὶ τὸ Παλλαντικὸν πεδίον ἐστὶν ἐκτραπεῖσιν ἐς ἀριστερὰν ἀπὸ τοῦ Χώματος. ἐν δὲ Παλλαντίῳ ναός τε καὶ ἀγάλματα λίθου Πάλλαντος, τὸ δὲ ἕτερόν ἐστιν Εὐάνδρου: καὶ Κόρης τε τῆς Δήμητρος ἱερὸν καὶ οὐ πολὺ ἀπωτέρω Πολυβίου σφίσιν ἀνδριάς ἐστι. τῷ λόφῳ δὲ τῷ ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως ὅσα ἀκροπόλει τὸ ἀρχαῖον ἐχρῶντο: λείπεται δὲ καὶ ἐς ἡμᾶς ἔτι ἐπὶ κορυφῇ τοῦ λόφου θεῶν ἱερόν.
[44.5] What is called the Dyke is the boundary between Megalopolis on the one hand and Tegea and Pallantium on the other. The plain of Pallantium you reach by turning aside to the left from the Dyke. In Pallantium is a temple with two stone images, one of Pallas, the other of Evander. There is also a sanctuary of the Maid, the daughter of Demeter
, and not far away is a statue of Polybius. The hill above the city was of old used as a citadel. On the crest of the hill there still remains a sanctuary of certain gods.
[6] ἐπίκλησις μὲν δή ἐστιν αὐτοῖς Καθαροί, περὶ μεγίστων δὲ αὐτόθι καθεστήκασιν οἱ ὅρκοι: καὶ ὀνόματα μὲν τῶν θεῶν οὐκ ἴσασιν ἢ καὶ εἰδότες οὐ θέλουσιν ἐξαγορεύειν, Καθαροὺς δὲ ἐπὶ τοιῷδε ἄν τις κληθῆναι τεκμαίροιτο, ὅτι αὐτοῖς οὐ κατὰ ταὐτὰ ὁ Πάλλας ἔθυσε καθὰ καὶ ὁ πατήρ οἱ τῷ Λυκαίῳ Διί.
[44.6] Their surname is the Pure, and here it is customary to take the most solemn oaths. The names of the gods either they do not know, or knowing will not divulge; but it might be inferred that they were called Pure because Pallas did not sacrifice to them after the same fashion as his father sacrificed to Lycaean Zeus.
MT CRESIUS
[7] τοῦ δὲ καλουμένου Χώματος ἐν δεξιᾷ πεδίον ἐστὶ τὸ Μανθουρικόν: ἔστι δὲ ἐν ὅροις ἤδη Τεγεατῶν τὸ πεδίον, ὂν σταδίων που πεντήκοντα μάλιστα ἄχρι Τεγέας. ἔστι δὲ ὄρος οὐ μέγα ἐν δεξιᾷ τῆς ὁδοῦ καλούμενον Κρήσιον: ἐν δὲ αὐτῷ τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦ Ἀφνειοῦ πεποίηται. Ἀερόπῃ γὰρ Κηφέως τοῦ Ἀλέου συνεγένετο Ἄρης, καθὰ οἱ Τεγεᾶται λέγουσι: καὶ ἡ μὲν ἀφίησιν ἐν ταῖς ὠδῖσι τὴν ψυχήν, ὁ δὲ παῖς καὶ τεθνηκυίας
[44.7] On the right of the so-called Dyke lies the Manthuric plain. The plain is on the borders of Tegea, stretching just about fifty stades to that city. On the right of the road is a small mountain called Mount Cresius, on which stands the sanctuary of Aphneius. For Ares, the Tegeans say, mated with Aerope, daughter of Cepheus, the son of Aleus.