by Pausanias
37. τῆς πόλεως δὲ ἐν δεξιᾷ δύο μάλιστα προελθόντι ἀπ᾽ αὐτῆς σταδίους, πέτρα τέ ἐστιν ὑψηλὴ — μοῖρα ὄρους ἡ πέτρα — καὶ ἱερὸν ἐπ᾽ αὐτῆς πεποιημένον ἐστὶν Ἀρτέμιδος: ἡ Ἄρτεμις ἔργων τῶν Πραξιτέλους, δᾷδα ἔχουσα τῇ δεξιᾷ καὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν ὤμων φαρέτραν, παρὰ δὲ αὐτὴν κύων ἐν ἀριστερᾷ: μέγεθος δὲ ὑπὲρ τὴν μεγίστην γυναῖκα τὸ ἄγαλμα.
[37.1] XXXVII. About two stades off the city there is, on the right, a high rock, which forms part of a mountain, with a sanctuary of Artemis built upon it. The image of Artemis is one of the works of Praxiteles; she carries a torch in her right hand and a quiver over her shoulders, while at her left side there is a dog. The image is taller than the tallest woman.
BULIS
[2] τῇ δὲ γῇ τῇ Φωκίδι ἐστὶν ὅμορος ἥ ὀνομάζεται μὲν ἀπὸ Βούλωνος ἀγαγόντος τὴν ἀποικίαν ἀνδρός, συνῳκίσθη δὲ ἐκ πόλεων τῶν ἐν τῇ ἀρχαίᾳ Δωρίδι. λέγονται δὲ οἱ Βούλιοι Φιλομήλου καὶ Φωκέων * * * σύλλογον τὸν κοινόν. ἐς δὲ τὴν Βοῦλιν ἐκ μὲν τῆς Βοιωτίας Θίσβης σταδίων ἐστὶν ὁδὸς ὀγδοήκοντα, ἐξ Ἀντικύρας δὲ τῆς Φωκέων δι᾽ ἠπείρου μὲν καὶ εἰ ἀρχήν ἐστιν οὐκ οἶδα: οὕτω δύσβατα ὄρη καὶ τραχέα τὰ μεταξὺ Ἀντικύρας τέ ἐστι καὶ Βούλιδος: ἐς δὲ τὸν λιμένα σταδίων ἐξ Ἀντικύρας ἐστὶν ἑκατόν, τὰ δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ λιμένος στάδια ὁδοῦ τῆς πεζῆς τὰ ἐς Βοῦλιν ἑπτὰ εἶναι μάλιστα εἰκάζομεν.
[37.2] Bordering on the Phocian territory is a land named after Bulon, the leader of the colony, which was founded by a union of emigrants from the cities in ancient Doris. The Bulians are said of Philomelus and the Phocians . . . the general assembly. To Bulis from Thisbe in Boeotia is a journey of eighty stades; but I do not know if in Phocis there be a road by land at all from Anticyra, so rough and difficult to cross are the mountains between Anticyra and Bulis. To the harbor from Anticyra is a sail of one hundred stades, and the road by land from the harbor to Bulis we conjectured to be about seven stades long.
[3] κάτεισι δὲ καὶ ποταμὸς ἐς θάλασσαν ταύτῃ χείμαρρος, ὃν οἱ ἐπιχώριοι ὀνομάζουσιν Ἡράκλειον. κεῖται δὲ ἐπὶ ὑψηλοῦ τε ἡ Βοῦλις καὶ ἐν παράπλῳ περαιουμένοις ἐξ Ἀντικύρας ἐς Λέχαιον τὸ Κορινθίων: οἱ δὲ ἄνθρωποι οἱ ἐνταῦθα πλέον ἡμίσεις κόχλων ἐς βαφὴν πορφύρας εἰσὶν ἁλιεῖς. κατασκευὴ δὲ ἡ ἐν τῇ Βούλιδι οὔτε ἡ ἄλλη θαύματος πολλοῦ καὶ ἱερὰ θεῶν ἐστιν Ἀρτέμιδος, τὸ δὲ αὐτῶν Διονύσου: τὰ δὲ ἀγάλματα ξύλου μέν ἐστιν εἰργασμένα, ὅστις δὲ ἦν ὁ ποιήσας οὐχ οἷοί τε ἐγενόμεθα συμβαλέσθαι. θεῶν δὲ ὅντινα οἱ Βούλιοι σέβουσι μάλιστα, Μέγιστον μὲν ὀνομάζουσι, Διὸς δὲ κατὰ ἡμετέραν δόξαν ἐστὶν ἐπίκλησις. καὶ πηγὴ Βουλίοις ἐστὶ καλουμένη Σαύνιον.
[37.3] Here a torrent falls into the sea, called by the natives Heracleius. Bulis lies on high ground, and it is passed by travellers crossing by sea from Anticyra to Lechaeum in Corinthian territory. More than half its inhabitants are fishers of the shell-fish that gives the purple dye. The buildings in Bulis are not very wonderful; among them is a sanctuary of Artemis and one of Dionysus. The images are made of wood, but we were unable to judge who was the artist. The god worshipped most by the Bulians is named by them the Greatest, a surname, I should think, of Zeus. At Bulis there is a spring called Saunium.
CIRRHA
[4] ἐς δὲ Κίρραν τὸ ἐπίνειον Δελφῶν ὁδὸς μὲν σταδίων ἑξήκοντά ἐστιν ἐκ Δελφῶν: καταβάντι δὲ ἐς τὸ πεδίον ἱππόδρομός τέ ἐστι καὶ ἀγῶνα Πύθια ἄγουσιν ἐνταῦθα τὸν ἱππικόν. τὰ μὲν δὴ ἐς τὸν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ Ταράξιππον ἐδήλωσέ μοι τὰ ἐς Ἠλείους τοῦ λόγου, ὁ δὲ ἱππόδρομος ἔοικε τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος τάχα μέν που καὶ αὐτὸς τῶν ἱππευόντων τινὰ ἀνιᾶσαι, ἅτε ἀνθρώποις τοῦ δαίμονος ὁμοίως ἐπὶ ἔργῳ παντὶ καὶ ἀμείνω καὶ τὰ χείρω νέμοντος: οὐ μέντοι καὶ αὐτὸς ταραχὴν τοῖς ἵπποις ὁ ἱππόδρομος οὔτε κατὰ αἰτίαν ἥρωος οὔτε ἐπ᾽ ἄλλῃ πέφυκεν ἐργάζεσθαι προφάσει.
[37.4] The length of the road from Delphi to Cirrha, the port of Delphi, is sixty stades. Descending to the plain you come to a race-course, where at the Pythian games the horses compete. I have told in my account of Elis the story of the Taraxippus at Olympia, and it is likely that the race-course of Apollo too may possibly harm here and there a driver, for heaven in every activity of man bestows either better fortune or worse. But the race-course itself is not of a nature to startle the horses, either by reason of a hero or on any other account.
[5] τὸ δὲ πεδίον τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς Κίρρας ψιλόν ἐστιν ἅπαν, καὶ φυτεύειν δένδρα οὐκ ἐθέλουσιν ἢ ἔκ τινος ἀρᾶς ἢ ἀχρεῖον τὴν γῆν ἐς δένδρων τροφὴν εἰδότες. λέγεται δὲ ἐς τὴν Κίρραν * * * καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς Κίρρας τὸ ὄνομα τὸ ἐφ᾽ ἡμῶν τεθῆναι τῷ χωρίῳ φασίν. Ὅμηρος μέντοι Κρῖσαν ἔν τε Ἰλιάδι ὁμοίως καὶ ὕμνῳ τῷ ἐς Ἀπόλλωνα ὀνόματι τῷ ἐξ ἀρχῆς καλεῖ τὴν πόλιν. χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον οἱ ἐν τῇ Κίρρᾳ ἄλλα τε ἠσέβησαν ἐς τὸν Ἀπόλλωνα καὶ ἀπέτεμνον τοῦ θεοῦ τῆς χώρας.
[37.5] The plain from Cirrha is altogether bare, and the inhabitants will not plant trees, either because the land is under a curse, or because they know that the ground is useless for growing trees. It is said that to Cirrha . . . and they say that from Cirrha the place received its modern name. Homer, however, in the Iliad, and similarly in the hymn to Apollo, calls the city by its ancient name of Crisa. Afterwards the people of Cirrha behaved wickedly towards Apollo; especially in appropriating some of the god’s land.
[6] πολεμεῖν οὖν πρὸς τοὺς Κιρραίους ἔδοξεν Ἀμφικτύοσι, καὶ Κλεισθένην τε Σικυωνίων τυραννοῦντα προεστήσαντο ἡγεμόνα εἶναι καὶ Σόλωνα ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν ἐπηγάγοντο συμβουλεύειν: χρωμένοις δέ σφισιν ὑπὲρ νίκης ἀνεῖπεν ἡ Πυθία:”οὐ πρὶν τῆσδε πόληος ἐρείψετε πύργον ἑλόντες,
πρίν κεν ἐμῷ τεμένει κυανώπιδος Ἀμφιτρίτης
κῦμα ποτικλύζῃ κελαδοῦν ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον.
“ἔπεισεν οὖν ὁ Σόλων καθιερῶσαι τῷ θεῷ τὴν Κιρραίαν, ἵνα δὴ τῷ τεμένει τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος γένηται γείτων ἡ θάλασσα.
[37.6] So the Amphictyons determined to make war on the Cirrhaeans, put Cleisthenes, tyrant of Sicyon, at the head of their army, and brought over Solon from Athen
s to give them advice. They asked the oracle about victory, and the Pythian priestess replied:–
You will not take and throw down the tower of this city,
Until on my precinct shall dash the wave
Of blue-eyed Amphitrite, roaring over the winedark sea.
So Solon induced them to consecrate to the god the territory of Cirrha, in order that the sea might become neighbor to the precinct of Apollo.
[7] εὑρέθη δὲ καὶ ἕτερον τῷ Σόλωνι σόφισμα ἐς τοὺς Κιρραίους: τοῦ γὰρ Πλείστου τὸ ὕδωρ ῥέον διὰ ὀχετοῦ σφισιν ἐς τὴν πόλιν ἀπέστρεψεν ἀλλαχόσε ὁ Σόλων. καὶ οἱ μὲν πρὸς τοὺς πολιορκοῦντας ἔτι ἀντεῖχον ἔκ τε φρεάτων καὶ ὕδωρ τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ πίνοντες: ὁ δὲ τοῦ ἐλλεβόρου τὰς ῥίζας ἐμβαλὼν ἐς τὸν Πλεῖστον, ἐπειδὴ ἱκανῶς τοῦ φαρμάκου τὸ ὕδωρ ᾔσθετο ἔχον, ἀπέστρεψεν αὖθις ἐς τὸν ὀχετόν. καὶ — ἐνεφορήσαντο γὰρ ἀνέδην οἱ Κιρραῖοι τοῦ ὕδατος — καὶ οἱ μὲν ὑπὸ ἀπαύστου τῆς διαρροίας ἐξέλιπον οἱ ἐπὶ τοῦ τείχους τὴν φρουράν,
[37.7] Solon invented another trick to outwit the Cirrhaeans. The water of the river Pleistus ran along a channel to the city, and Solon diverted it in another direction. When the Cirrhaeans still held out against the besiegers, drinking well-water and rain-water, Solon threw into the Pleistus roots of hellebore, and when he perceived that water held enough of the drug he diverted it back again into its channel. The Cirrhaeans drank without stint of the water, and those on the wall, seized with obstinate diarrhoea, deserted their posts,
[8] Ἀμφικτύονες δὲ ὡς εἷλον τὴν πόλιν, ἐπράξαντο ὑπὲρ τοῦ θεοῦ δίκας παρὰ Κιρραίων, καὶ ἐπίνειον Δελφῶν ἐστιν ἡ Κίρρα. παρέχεται δὲ καὶ ἐς θέαν Ἀπόλλωνος καὶ Ἀρτέμιδος καὶ Λητοῦς ναόν τε καὶ ἀγάλματα μεγέθει μεγάλα καὶ ἐργασίας Ἀττικῆς. ἡ δὲ Ἀδράστεια ἵδρυται μὲν ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ σφίσι, μεγέθει δὲ τῶν ἄλλων ἀποδέουσα ἀγαλμάτων ἐστίν.
[37.8] and the Amphictyons captured the city. They exacted punishment from the Cirrhaeans on behalf of the god, and Cirrha is the port of Delphi. Its notable sights include a temple of Apollo, Artemis and Leto, with very large images of Attic workmanship. Adrasteia has been set up by the Cirrhaeans in the same place, but she is not so large as the other images.
OZOLIAN LOCRIS, MYTHICAL HISTORY
38. ἡ δὲ γῆ ἡ Λοκρῶν τῶν καλουμένων Ὀζολῶν προσεχὴς τῇ Φωκίδι ἐστὶ κατὰ τὴν Κίρραν. ἐς δὲ τὴν ἐπίκλησιν τῶν Λοκρῶν τούτων διάφορα ἤκουσα, ὁμοίως δὲ ἅπαντα δηλώσω. Ὀρεσθεῖ τῷ Δευκαλίωνος βασιλεύοντι ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ κύων ἔτεκεν ἀντὶ σκύλακος ξύλον: κατορύξαντος δὲ τοῦ Ὀρεσθέως τὸ ξύλον ἅμα τῷ ἦρι φῦναι ἄμπελον ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ λέγουσι καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλου τῶν ὄζων γενέσθαι τὸ ὄνομα τοῖς ἀνθρώποις.
[38.1] XXXVIII. The territory of the Locrians called Ozolian adjoins Phocis opposite Cirrha. I have heard various stories about the surname of these Locrians, all of which I will tell my readers. Orestheus, son of Deucalion, king of the land, had a bitch that gave birth to a stick instead of a puppy. Orestheus buried the stick, and in the spring, it is said, a vine grew from it, and from the branches (ozoi) of the stick the people got their name.
[2] οἱ δὲ Νέσσον πορθμεύοντα ἐπὶ τῷ Εὐήνῳ τρωθῆναι μὲν ὑπὸ Ἡρακλέους, οὐ μέντοι καὶ αὐτίκα γε ἀποθανεῖν ἀλλὰ ἐς τὴν γῆν ταύτην ἐκφυγεῖν νομίζουσι, καὶ ὡς ἀπέθανε σήπεσθαί τε ἄταφον καὶ ὀσμῆς τῷ ἐνταῦθα ἀέρι μεταδοῦναι δυσώδους. ὁ δὲ τρίτος τῶν λόγων καὶ ὁ τέταρτος, ὁ μὲν ποταμοῦ τινος ἄτοπον τήν τε ἀτμίδα καὶ αὐτό φησιν εἶναι τὸ ὕδωρ, ὁ δὲ τὸν ἀσφόδελον φύεσθαι πολὺν καὶ ἀνθοῦντα * * ὑπὸ τῆς ὀσμῆς.
[38.2] Others believe that Nessus, ferrying on the Evenus, was wounded by Heracles, but not killed on the spot, making his escape to this country; when he died his body rotted unburied, imparting a foul stench to the atmosphere of the place. The third story says that the exhalations from a certain river, and its very water, have a peculiar smell; the fourth, that asphodel grows in great abundance and when in flower . . . because of the smell.
[3] λέγεται δὲ καὶ ὡς οἱ πρῶτοι τῶν ἐνταῦθα ἀνθρώπων ἦσαν αὐτόχθονες, ἐσθῆτα δὲ οὐκ ἐπιστάμενοί πω ὑφαίνεσθαι σκέπην πρὸς τὸ ῥῖγος θηρίων δέρματα ἐποιοῦντο ἀδέψητα, τὸ δασὺ τῶν δερμάτων ἐς τὸ ἐκτὸς ὑπὲρ εὐπρεπείας τρέποντες: ἔμελλεν οὖν κατὰ τὸ αὐτὸ ταῖς βύρσαις καὶ ὁ χρώς σφισιν ἔσεσθαι δυσώδης.
[38.3] Another story says that the first dwellers here were aboriginals, but as yet not knowing how to weave garments they used to make themselves a protection against the cold out of the untanned skins of beasts, turning outwards the shaggy side of the skins for the sake of a good appearance. So their own skins were sure to smell as badly as did the hides.
AMPHISSA
[4] Δελφῶν δὲ ἀπωτέρω σταδίοις εἴκοσί τε καὶ ἑκατόν ἐστιν Ἄμφισσα μεγίστη καὶ ὀνομαστοτάτη πόλις τῶν Λοκρῶν. ἐσποιοῦσι δὲ αὑτοὺς ἐς τὸ Αἰτωλικὸν αἰσχύνῃ τῶν Ὀζολῶν τοῦ ὀνόματος: καὶ δὴ καὶ ἔχει λόγον εἰκότα, ὅτε βασιλεὺς ὁ Ῥωμαίων ἀναστάτους ἐς τὸν Νικοπόλεως συνοικισμὸν ἐποίησεν Αἰτωλούς, ἀποχωρῆσαι τοῦ δήμου τὸ πολὺ ἐς τὴν Ἄμφισσαν. τὸ μέντοι ἐξ ἀρχῆς γένους τοῦ Λοκρῶν εἰσι: τεθῆναι δὲ τῇ πόλει τὸ ὄνομα ἀπὸ Ἀμφίσσης τῆς Μάκαρος τοῦ Αἰόλου φασὶ καὶ Ἀπόλλωνα ἐραστὴν γενέσθαι τῆς Ἀμφίσσης.
[38.4] One hundred and twenty stades away from Delphi is Amphissa, the largest and most renowned city of Locris. The people hold that they are Aetolians, being ashamed of the name of Ozolians. Support is given to this view by the fact that, when the Roman emperor drove the Aetolians from their homes in order to found the new city of Nicopolis, the greater part of the people went away to Amphissa. Originally, however, they came of Locrian race. It is said that the name of the city is derived from Amphissa, daughter of Macar, son of Aeolus, and that Apollo was her lover.
[5] κεκόσμηται δὲ ἡ πόλις κατασκευῇ τε τῇ ἄλλῃ καὶ τὰ μάλιστα ἥκοντα ἐς μνήμην ἔστι μὲν μνῆμα Ἀμφίσσης, ἔστι δὲ Ἀνδραίμονος: σὺν δὲ αὐτῷ ταφῆναι λέγουσι καὶ Γόργην τὴν Οἰνέως συνοικήσασαν τῷ Ἀνδραίμονι. ἐν δὲ τῇ ἀκροπόλει ναός σφισιν Ἀθηνᾶς καὶ ἄγαλμα ὀρθὸν χαλκοῦ πεποιημένον, κομισθῆναι δὲ ὑπὸ Θόαντός φασιν αὐτὴν ἐξ Ἰλίου καὶ εἶναι λαφύρων τῶν ἐκ Τροίας:
&nbs
p; [38.5] The city is beautifully constructed, and its most notable objects are the tomb of Amphissa and the tomb of Andraemon. With him was buried, they say, his wife Gorge, daughter of Oeneus. On the citadel of Amphissa is a temple of Athena, with a standing image of bronze, brought, they say, from Troy by Thoas, being part of the spoils of that city. But I cannot accept the story.
[6] οὐ μὴν καὶ ἐμέ γε ἔπειθον. ἐδήλωσα δὲ ἐν τοῖς προτέροις τοῦ λόγου Σαμίους Ῥοῖκον Φιλαίου καὶ Θεόδωρον Τηλεκλέους εἶναι τοὺς εὑρόντας χαλκὸν ἐς τὸ ἀκριβέστατον τῆξαι: καὶ ἐχώνευσαν οὗτοι πρῶτοι. Θεοδώρου μὲν δὴ οὐδὲν ἔτι οἶδα ἐξευρών, ὅσα γε χαλκοῦ πεποιημένα: ἐν δὲ Ἀρτέμιδος τῆς Ἐφεσίας πρὸς τὸ οἴκημα ἐρχομένῳ τὸ ἔχον τὰς γραφὰς λίθου θριγκός ἐστιν ὑπὲρ τοῦ βωμοῦ τῆς Πρωτοθρονίης καλουμένης Ἀρτέμιδος: ἀγάλματα δὲ ἄλλα τε ἐπὶ τοῦ θριγκοῦ καὶ γυναικὸς εἰκὼν πρὸς τῷ πέρατι ἕστηκε, τέχνη τοῦ Ῥοίκου, Νύκτα δὲ οἱ Ἐφέσιοι καλοῦσι.
[38.6] For I have stated in an earlier part of my work that two Samians, Rhoecus, son of Philaeus, and Theodorus, son of Telecles, discovered how to found bronze most perfectly, and were the first casters of that metal. I have found extant no work of Theodorus, at least no work of bronze. But in the sanctuary of Ephesian Artemis, as you enter the building containing the pictures, there is a stone wall above the altar of Artemis called Goddess of the First Seat. Among the images that stand upon the wall is a statue of a woman at the end, a work of Rhoecus, called by the Ephesians Night.