Adam and Eve, story of, 289
African Mermaids & Other Water Spirits, 165–69
“African Water Spirits in the Caribbean,” 166
“Aganju and Yemaja” (Africa), 165, 168–69
Ahúba (fish with human heads), 263
Aladdin, 171
Alexander, King of Crete, 64–65
Ali Baba, 171
“American and the Sirena of Amburayan, The” (Philippines), 214, 219–20
anaconda (water boa), 273–74, 276, 277, 279
Andersen, Hans Christian, “The Little Mermaid,” xiii–xiv, xxi, xxiii, 101, 102, 107–30, 131, 145, 152, 171, 201
“animal bride,” xix
anthropocentrism, xix, xx
Aphrodite, 3
Arabian Nights, see The Thousand and One Nights (Arabian Nights), 171–72, 311
Arawak, South American tribe, see Taino, 263, 266
Ariel (Disney), xxi, 108
Árnason, Jón, 301
arrows, symbolic meaning of, 294, 295–97
Asiastic (sic.) mermaid, 243–44
Atargatis (Syrian goddess), 3
Australia, 225–31
“Karukayn” (Mermaids), 225, 226–31, 314
Bābā Daryā (“Father of the Sea”), 185
Bacchilega, Cristina, 306, 307, 308
Badr Bâsim/Badar Basim, king of Persia, 172, 181–82
Barnum, Phineas Taylor (P. T.), and Feejee mermaid hoax, 202, 239–40
Bavaria: “In the Jaws of the Merman,” 48
Berossus/Berosus, 3
bestiaries, medieval, xvi
Beyer, Henry Otley, 213
Beyer, Pacita Malabad, 213
Beyer-Bagatsing, Charity, 213
Bhagavata Purana (Sanskrit text), 5
Boas, Franz, 319
Bosquer, Dimas, 242
Bottrell, William, 309
Brown, Marie Alohalani, 315, 316, 317
Brown, Mrs. W. Wallace, 319
Bu Salāme (“Father of Peace/Safety”), 185
Calvino, Italo, Fiabe Italiane (Italian Folktales), 306
captivity tales, xix, 49
Caribbean, tales from, 273–80
“African Water Spirits in the Caribbean,” 166
“Maman Dlo’s Gift,” 274, 278–80
Mami Wata (“Mother Water”) in, 166, 273–74
“Ti Jeanne,” 274, 275–77
Carmina Gadelica, 27
Caroline Islands, tales from, xviii
Carter, Angela, The Bloody Chamber, 145
Cavada, Francisco Javier, 269, 271
Cebu: “The Mermaid,” 223–24
Chamorrow tale, Guam, 233, 234
Charola, Erika, 231, 314
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 299–301
Chesnutt, Michael, “The Three Laughs: A Celtic-Norse Tale in Oral Tradition and Medieval Literature,” 300–301
Child, Francis James:
“Clark Colven,” 41, 42–44
The English and Scottish Popular Ballads, 41
“The Mermaid,” 41, 45–46
Chile:
“The Mermaids,” 271–72
“The Pincoya,” 269–70
China, 201–3
“Jottings on the South of China,” 202
A Manual of Chinese Quotations, 312
The Mermaid (film), 201
“Mermaids,” 202–3
Circe, 9
“Clark Colven” (Child 42A), 41, 42–44
coconut, origin of, 13, 16–18
“Cola Pisci” / “Cola Pesce,” 73–74, 80
Dagon (Mesopotamian god), 3
d’Arras, Jean, 85–86
Dashti, ‘Ali, 187
“Day after the Wedding, The,” from Undine (Fouqué), 101–6
Dennys, Nicholas Belfield, The Folklore of China, 201
disbelief, suspension of, xvii
Disney Studios, films of, xxi, 107, 108
Ea (ancient water god), 3
Eichenseer, Erika, 303
Elinas, king of Albania (Melusina), 86
Ellis, Alfred Burdon, 165
engkantada (enchanted; enchantress), 221
Estonian Tales (Untitled), 57–61
Europe, 19–81
Bavaria, 47–48
Child ballads, 41–46
Estonia, 57–61
Greece, 63–72
Greenland and Iceland, 21–26
Grimm’s Fairy Tales, 49–55
Ireland, 35–39
Italy, 73–81
Scottish Highlands, 27–34
Fay Pressina, 86
“Feejee Mermaid Hoax, The” (United States), 202, 239–40
femininity, dangerous, xvi, 9
fish women in Ahwahnechee legends, 293
“Fisherman and His Soul, The” (Wilde), 131–35
“Fisherman’s Water-Jug and Potato” (Guyana), 265–66
folk and fairy tales, classification of, xvi–xvii, 303–4
Folklore of China, The (Dennys), 201
“Fortunio and the Siren” (Straparola), 89–100
Fouqué, Friedrich de la Motte, 101–2
Undine, 101–6, 107
Galland, Antoine, 171, 311
Gautier, M. (French artist), 243
gender, x, xvii, xxii
Gigli, Giuseppe, 73, 305–6
Giri (mermaid), 197, 199–200
gods, interacting with humans, xvii
Goes, Damien, 242
“Golden Mermaid, The” (Lang), 136–44
Greece, 63–72
“The Mermaid,” 63, 66–72, 89
“New Tunes” (Crete), 63, 64–65
Greenland: “The Marvels of the Waters About Greenland,” 21, 22–23
“Grey Selchie of Sule Skerrie, The” (Scottish Highlands), 27, 31–32
Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm:
Grimms’ Fairy Tales, 49–55, 303–4
Grimms’ Household Tales, 309
“The Nixie in the Pond,” 49–55, 89–90
“The Water Nixie,” 49
Guam: “Sirena,” 233–37
Gunnell, Terry, 300
Guyana: “The Fisherman’s Water-Jug and Potato,” 265–66
Hassenpflug, Marie, 303
Haumea (Kāmeha’ikana), 250
Haupt, Moritz, 303
Hawai‘i:
ka‘ao (Hawaiian genre), 246
“Kalamainu‘u, the Mo‘o Who Seduced Puna‘aikoa‘e,” 250–61
“The Mermaid of Honokawailani Pond,” 247–49
mo‘o (water deities), xx, 245–46, 315
mo‘olelo (Hawaiian genre), 246
stories from, xx, 245–61
Heine, Heinrich, “Die Lore-Ley,” ix–x, xxii
Henriques, F. Hen., 242
Henry, Teuira, 300
Heraclitus, xxii
Herod, King, 261
Hina (Gray), 14–18
names of, 13
Hinale, 252–54, 256–59
Hi῎non (Thunderer), 282–86
Homer, Odyssey, xiii, 3, 5, 9–12, 73, 85, 89
“Horned Serpent Runs Away with a Girl Who Is Rescued by the Thunderer” (Seneca), 282–86
“How Two Girls Were Changed to Water-Snakes” (Passamaquoddy), 289–90
“How Water Tied a Covenant with Man and the Divine Nature of Water” (India), 193–94
Hudson, Henry, 301
Huldbrand, 102, 103–6
Hull St. Clair, Harry II, 319
humanoids, aquatic:
anxieties regarding, xi–xiv
passing as human, xviii
shape-shifting
by, xiii–xiv
humans, interacting with gods, xvii
Hunt, Margaret, 309
Iceland:
marmennill / marbendill (merman) of, 21
“The Merman,” 21, 24–26
Igbagho (African river goddess), 165
India:
“About a Puri Enchantment,” 195
“About K—, the River Goddess Who Exists in Jaintia Hills,” 191–92
“How Water Tied a Covenant with Man and the Divine Nature of Water,” 193–94
Khasi tales about water spirits, 189–95
Indian Ocean:
mer-wife in, 197
“Shoān, a Nicobar Tale,” 197–200
Indigenous North America, 281–97
“Aboriginal peoples” of Canada, 281
Coos tale, 294
“The Horned Serpent Runs Away with a Girl,” 282–86
“How Two Girls Were Changed to Water-Snakes,” 289–90
“Legend of the Fish Women (Mermaids),” 293
“Ne Hwas, the Mermaid,” 291–92
“Of the Woman Who Loved a Serpent,” 287–88
symbolic meaning of arrows in, 294, 295–97
tribes and communities of, 281
“The Woman Who Married the Merman,” xx, 294–97
interspecies encounters, xvii–xviii
anthropocentric views in, xix, xx
as appropriations, xviii
man’s inability to keep his word in, xviii–xix
marriages, xiv, 36
power dynamics in, xviii–xix
romances, xiv
social relations within, xx
“In the Jaws of the Merman” (Bavaria), 48
Ireland, 35–39
“Tom Moore and the Seal Woman,” 37–39
Iroquois seasonal storytelling, 318
Italy, 73–81
“Cola Pesce,” 73–74, 80
“A Mermaid’s Story,” 73, 75–79
“The Sailor and the Mermaid of the Sea,” 74, 81
Superstitions, Prejudices and Traditions from the Land of Otranto, 73
Jahāzi, Nāhid, 187
Japan, 205–12
“The Crane Wife,” 205
“The Mermaid,” 205, 206–9
Nihon no Mukashibanashi (Old Legends of Japan), 206
“Yao Bikuni,” 205, 210–11
John the Baptist, 261
“Jottings on the South of China,” 202
Juan and Juana (sea couple), 223–24
“Julnar the Mermaid and Her Son Badar Basim of Persia” (Arabian Nights), 172, 173–83
Kaaiman (mermaid in South Africa), 167
Kalamainu‘u (Kihawahine), 250, 251, 254–57, 259
“Kalamainu‘u, the Mo‘o Who Seduced Puna‘aikoa‘e” (Hawaii), 250–61
“Kāliya, the Snake,” 5–8
“Karukayn (Mermaids)” (Northern Australia), 225, 226–31, 314
Keightley, Thomas, “Legend of Melusina,” 85–88
Khez.r and Elyās, 185
Kimball, Moses, Esq., 239
King of Fishes (Philippines), 223–24
Krishna (Kr.s.n.a), 5–8
Kruuspak, Emilie, 59
Kuldsaar, Andrei, 61
Kurahashi, Yumiko:
Cruel Fairy Tales for Adults, 145
Cruel Fairy Tales for Old Folks, 145
“A Mermaid’s Tears,” 145–51
Lang, Andrew, 309
“The Golden Mermaid,” 136–44
The Green Fairy Book, 136
Lapang, Marcus, 193
Lazzaro, Bianca, 306
“Legend of Melusina” (Keightley), 85–88
“Legend of the Fish Women (Mermaids)” (Ahwahnechee), 293
Leland, Charles G., 318
“Litao and Serena, The” (Philippines), 214, 217–18
literary tales, 83–161
“Abyssus Abyssum Invocat” (Valentine), 152–61
“The Day after the Wedding,” from Undine (Fogué), 101–6
“The Fisherman and His Soul” (Wilde), 131–35
“Fortunio and the Siren” (Straparola), 89–100
“The Golden Mermaid” (Lang), 136–44
“Legend of Melusina” (Keightley), 85–88
“The Little Mermaid” (Andersen), 107–30
“A Mermaid’s Tears” (Kurahashi), 145–51
“Little Mermaid, The” (Andersen), xiii–xiv, xxi, xxiii, 101, 102, 107–30, 131, 145, 152, 171, 201
Little Mermaid, The (films), xvi, 107, 108
Lorelei, myth of, ix–x, xxii
“Lorelei Signal, The” (Star Trek: The Animated Series), xxii
Lower Amazon, water spirits in, 267
Lucifer, 57
Lukhmi (spirit of paddy or rice grain), 193
Luxembourg, foundational national myth of, 86
Lyngdoh, Margaret, 190
MacDonald, George, “The Fantastic Imagination,” 101
Madhusūdana, 6, 7–8
Magalhães, Couto de, 267
Magritte, René, “The Collective Invention” (L’Invention Collective), xiii, 145
Makea, 250
Mama/Maman Dlo, 274, 275, 277, 278–80
“Maman Dlo’s Gift” (Trinidad), 274, 278–80
Mami Wata (“Mother Water”), 166, 273–74
March of Mermaids, Brighton, England, xxi
marmennill / marbendill (merman), 21
“Marvels of the Waters About Greenland, The” (Greenland), 21, 22–23
Marzolph, Ulrich, 186
Mastedon (fossil remains), 241
Māui (pan-Polynesian cultural hero)/Mâ-û-i (Polynesian spirit), 13, 15–16
medieval bestiaries, xvi
Melusina/Mélusine, xviii, 85–88, 107, 201, 290
“Mermaid, The” (Child 289B), 41, 45–46
Mermaid, The (China: film), 201
“Mermaid, The” (Greece), 63, 66–72, 89
“Mermaid, The” (Japan), 205, 206–9
“Mermaid, The” (New York Herald), 240, 241–44
“Mermaid, The” (Philippines), 223–24
“mermaid economy,” xxi–xxii
“Mermaid in Mabini, A” (Philippines), 221–22
“Mermaid in the Pond, The” (European tale type), 89
“Mermaid of Honokawailani Pond, The” (Hawai‘i), 247–49
“Mermaid of Kessock, The” (Scottish Highlands), 27, 29–30, 35, 197
“Mermaid of Zennor” (legend), 152, 309
Mermaid Parade, Coney Island, New York, xxi, xxiv
“Mermaid Queen, The” (Philippines), 214, 215–16
mermaids:
in Arctic waters, 301
beauty of, xiv
blogs about, xxi
etymology of, xiii
fashion and style, xxi
as Fish-women, 293
in folk and fairy tales, xvi–xvii
golden mirrors of, xiv
Halloween costumes, xxi
human ambivalence toward, xii
hybrid bodies of, xii
myths and legends about, xvi–xvii
as omens, 21, 23
and prostitutes, xiii, 41
seductiveness of, xi–xii, xiii, 9, 131
story crosscurrents and genres, xiv–xvii
today, xxi–xxii
“Mermaids” (China), 202–3
“Mermaids, The” (Chile), 271–72
“mermaid’s chair,” Zennor, 309
“Mermaid’s Grave, The” (Scottish Highlands), 27–28, 33
“Mermaid’s Story, A” (Italy), 73, 75–79
“Mermai
d’s Tears, A” (Kurahashi), 145–51
“Merman, The” (Iceland), 21, 24–26
mer-wife plots, xviii, xix, 197
Minafò, Giovanni, 307
monsters:
sea monsters, 5
uses of word, xii, 21
mo‘o (Hawaiian reptilian water deities), xx, 245–46, 315
Moore, Tom, 35, 37–39
Murai, Mayako, 210
myths and legends, vs. folk and fairy tales, xvi–xvii
näkks (Estonian water spirits), 57
Nākoa, Sarah Keli‘ilolena, 315–16
Native American stories, see Indigenous North America
nature, power of, xx
“Ne Hwas, the Mermaid” (Passamaquoddy), 291–92
nereids, xvi
“New Tunes” (Crete), 63, 64–65
New York Herald, “The Mermaid,” 240, 241–44
Niaring (Indian water entities), 189, 193–94
Nicobar Island: “Shoān, a Nicobar Tale,” 197–200
Nihon no Mukashibanashi (Old Legends of Japan), 206
niwesq/ne hwas (human/water snake), 291
“Nixie in the Pond, The” (Grimm), 49–55, 89–90
Nkomo, Samuel Sipepa, 167
“Oannes,” 3–4
Obatala and Odudua (Heaven and Earth), 168, 169
Odescalco, King, 93–94, 97–98, 100
Odysseus, xiii, 3, 5, 9–12
“Odysseus and the Sirens,” 9–12
Odyssey (Homer), xiii, 3, 5, 9–12, 73, 85, 89
“Of the Woman Who Loved a Serpent Who Lived in a Lake” (Passamaquoddy), 287–88
“Oiára, the Water-Maidens” (South America), 267–68
olden times, tales from, 1–18
“Kāliya, the Snake,” 5–8
“Oannes,” 3–4
“Odysseus and the Sirens,” 9–12
“The Tuna (Eel) of Lake Vaihiria,” 13–18
Old Testament, Garden of Eden in, 289
“Omo Yemoja” (mermaid), 166
Orientalism, 171
Oriyu (South American water spirits), 263–64, 265–66, 278
Orsmond, Rev. John Muggridge, 300
Orungan, 168–69
Ọṣun / Oshun, Oya, Oba (river spirits), 165
ourang outang (connecting link) (New York Herald), 241
Palasipas, Maginoo (in tale from the Philippines), 215–16
Papa Bois, 277
Papachristophorou, Marilena, 63
Papa ‘Ī‘ī, John, 316
pari (Persian sea fairy), 185–88
Parker, Arthur C., 318
Pāryune, 185–86
Passamaquoddy (North American coastal people), 287, 289, 291
Pele (Hawaiian goddess), 254–56, 259
Persian folklore, 185–86
“The Sea Fairy,” 187–88
Philippines:
“The American and the Sirena of Amburayan,” 214, 219–20
The Penguin Book of Mermaids Page 31