by Stephen Fry
Euripides: Hippolytus, 252n; Iphigenia in Aulis, 145n
Europa, 127, 367
Eurus (East Wind), 172–3
Euryalus, 297
Eurybates, 191–2
Eurylochus, 264
Eurynome, 236
Eurypylus of Mysia, 268–9, 271, 276, 277, 384
Eurysaces, 265, 266
Eurystheus, 18, 66, 367
Eurytion, 30–1, 65, 367
Evandre, 252n
Evans, Arthur, 349
expiation, of blood crimes, 28, 30, 31, 65
Fates (Moirai), 25, 51, 299, 360
fratricide, 28
Frazer, James, 88n
funeral games, 54, 91, 247, 261, 297
funeral rites, 231–2
Gaia, 37n, 39, 46n, 152n, 360
Gallipoli, 2n
Ganymede, 3–4, 62, 384
Glauce, 28
Glaucus the Lycian, 230–1, 232, 259, 384
Golden Apples of the Hesperides, 38, 46n
Golden Fleece, 31, 190, 364
Golden Ram, 364
Gordian Knot, 106
Graves, Robert, 88n, 133n, 254n
Greek ‘Dark Ages,’ 343–4
gymnasia, 95n
Gytheio, Laconia, 117
Hades, 42, 71, 158, 357
Harmonia, 4
Harmothoe, 252n
Hecatonchires, 194n, 364
Hector: birth, 49; married to Andromache, 90; at the funeral games for Paris, 96–8; watches the approach of the Greeks, 155–6; creates Trojan alliance, 161–2; dissuades Priam for making peace, 163–4; first battle of the war, 168, 169–70; challenges Paris, 197–8; fights Ajax, 210–15, 265n; silver sword, 215, 265; in battle, 217, 223–5, 227, 228, 233, 234–5, 240; kills Patroclus, 229–31; killed by Achilles, 242–5; body dishonoured by Achilles, 246–8; funeral rites, 250–1; in List of Characters, 385
Hecuba: origins, 48n; dream of, 48–50; gives birth to and abandons Paris, 51–2, 54; children of, 90; welcomes Paris back to Troy, 101; and Hector, 211, 242; grief for Hector, 246, 250; mourns Paris, 282; and the disappearance of the Greeks, 294–5, 304; and the Wooden Horse, 302; and the death of Priam, 325–6; in List of Characters, 385
Hegeisanax of Alexandria Trous, 274n
Helen: birth, 69–70; promised to Paris by Aphrodite, 61–2; beauty of, 70–1; kidnapped by Theseus, 71–2, 331n; sought after in marriage, 72–81; Queen of Sparta, 90; abducted by Paris, 114–17; casus belli, 159; in Troy, 165, 198–201, 211; turns against Paris, 201, 204–5, 273–4, 282; mourns Hector, 250–1; and Corythus, 272–4; married to Deiphobus, 283; helps Odysseus steal the Palladium, 285–7; and the Wooden Horse, 314–19; rescued by Menelaus, 328; in List of Characters, 376–7
Helenus, 90, 213, 224, 225, 269, 282, 283–4, 385
Helios, 39, 156, 164, 360
Hellanicus of Lesbos, 274n
Helle, 2
Hellespont, 5, 11, 12, 15, 17, 48, 351
Hellespont (Dardanelles), 2
Hephaestus: makes Achilles’ armour, 235–6, 238; makes Memnon’s armour, 256; makes the sceptre of Agamemnon, 190n; makes the sword of Peleus, 34; at the marriage of Peleus and Thetis, 42; married to Aphrodite, 110n; married to Charis, 235n; sets fire to the Scamander river, 241; supporter of the Greeks, 158; in List of Characters, 357
Hera: sends plague to Aegina, 30; at the marriage of Peleus and Thetis, 42, 44, 45; and the judgement of Paris, 46–7, 59–60; influence over Zeus, 109, 194, 205, 216; support for the Greeks, 157, 209–10; sends Iris to Achilles, 234; rejection of Hephaestus, 235; commands Hephaestus to burn the Scamander, 241; in List of Characters, 357
Heracles: birth, 69n; Labours of, 13, 14, 19, 38–9, 46n, 71, 152n, 252, 269; and Hesione, 13–18, 127; and the island of Chryse, 149, 150; sacks Troy, 19–22; and the Greeks, 159; death, 151; arrows of, 278–81; in List of Characters, 367–8
Hermes: takes gift of horses to Tros, 4; father of Myrtilus, 9; at the marraige of Peleus and Thetis, 42, 43; inventor of the lyre, 43n; and Paris’s prize bull, 55–7; and the judgement of Paris, 47, 58–9; great-grandfather of Odysseus, 74, 75, 121, 158, 313; father of Eudoros, 144n, 145n; tricks Aphrodite into falling in love with Anchises, 110–12; and the sceptre of Agamemnon, 190n; and the recovery of Hector’s body, 248–50; in List of Characters, 358
Hermione, 90, 115, 273, 315, 377
Hero, 2
Hesiod, 346–7
Hesione, 11–12, 14–16, 18, 21–2, 24, 29, 90, 105, 107, 114, 127, 385
Hesperia, 50
Hesperides, 38, 46n, 360
Hestia, 43, 45, 158, 358
heteropaternal superfecundation, 69
Hippodamia, 8–10, 63–4, 368
Hippodamus, 239
Hippolyta, 13
Hippolyta, Queen of the Amazons, 252, 252n, 385–6
Hippolytus, 32
Hippomenes, 46n
Hippothoe, 252n
Hippothous, 233
Hissarlik, Turkey, 349, 351
Hittite language, 162
Homer: Iliad, 6n, 88n, 113n, 118, 147, 157n, 161–2, 168n, 175, 180, 184n, 185n, 194n, 195n, 198n, 206n, 221n, 232, 235n, 240, 241n, 251n, 254, 263n, 338–9, 345–8, 351–2; Odyssey, 147n, 339; scholarship, 339–40; time of writing, 335
hubris, 70
Hyades, 236, 362
Hydra, Lernaean, 151, 151–2n, 364
Hyginus (Latin scholar), 147n
Hymenaios, 45, 360
Hypnos, 316
Icarus, 62
Ida, Mount, 3, 3n, 5, 48, 51–2, 55, 110, 181–2, 283, 327
Idaea, 2n
Idaeus, 3n, 248
Idas, 115n
Idomeneus, 73, 120, 186, 196, 214, 232, 237, 260, 272, 276, 321, 377
Iliona, 90
Ilium see Troy
Ilium, plain of, 11, 47, 94, 164, 173, 206, 225, 242, 246, 293
Ilus (founder of Troy), 3, 4–6, 7, 10, 63, 386
Ilus (son of Dardanus), 3, 6
Io, 127, 368
Iolaus, 74, 377
Iolaus (later Protesilaus), 169–70
Iolcos, 31, 35
Ionia (Asia Minor; Turkish Anatolia), 2, 7, 74n
Ionian islands, 119
Ionian Sea, 74, 74n
Iphicles, 69n
Iphiclus, 74
Iphidamus, 224
Iphigenia, 90, 137–46, 377
Iphition, 239
Iris, 234, 360
Ismenian Dragon, 64n
Ithaca, 74–5, 91, 122, 125, 349
Jason, 2, 34, 35, 127, 153n, 368–9
Jupiter (planet), 4n
Keats, John, 348
Killing of the Sacred Deer, The (film, 2017), 145n
Kitchener, Lord, 196n
kleos, 231
Kronos, 38, 108, 160, 360
Labours of Heracles, 13, 14, 19, 38, 46n, 66, 71, 152n
Lacedaemon, King of Laconia, 67n
Laconia see Sparta
Laertes, 74–5, 123, 369
Laius, 64, 65, 369
Lancelyn Green, Roger, 275n; Tales of Troy, 274n
Lang, Andrew, Helen of Troy, 274n, 275n
languages, of the Trojan alliance, 161–2
Lanthimos, Yorgos, The Killing of a Sacred Deer (film, 2017), 145n
Laocoön, 302–3, 308, 386
Laodamia, 318
Laodice, 90, 330n
Laodocus, 205
Laogonus, 240
Laomedon, 386
Laomedon, King of Troy, 10–12, 13–15, 17–18, 19, 20
Leander, 2
Leda, 67, 68–70, 378
Lemnos (island), 153–4, 236, 279–80
Lesbos (island), 255, 256
Leto (Titan), 157, 208
Ligyron see Achilles
Linear A and B (scripts), 275n, 342–4, 343n
Luwian (Hittite language), 162
Lycaon, 240
Lycians, 228, 231, 232, 259
Lycomedes of Skyros, 132, 134, 269, 270, 369
Lydia, 2, 7, 63
Lynceus, 115n
Lyrnessus, 182
Macedonian Paeonia, 161
Machaon, 206, 276, 378
Magyars, 253n
Medea, 127, 369
Medon, 153
Medusa, 60
Meleager, 254n, 369
Memnon of Ethiopia, 161, 255–6, 259, 291, 386
Menelaus: flees Mycenae for Sparta, 66–7; wins hand of Helen, 73, 78–80; becomes king of Sparta, 81; welcomes Paris to Sparta, 115; and Helen’s abduction, 117–18; and the sacrifice of Iphigenia, 139, 144; abandons Philoctetes on Lemnos, 153; delegation to King Priam, 163–6; in battle, 210, 232, 272, 276; fights Paris in single combat, 198, 201–3; shot by Pandarus, 206; aristeia, 230; offers to fight Hector, 214; and Ajax’s death, 266; blames himself for the war, 267; and the Wooden Horse, 297; enters Troy, 321; finds Helen, 327–8; in List of Characters, 378
Menestheus, 73
Menoetius, 89
Merops, 49n
Mesozoic sea, 37n
Midas, 217, 386
Minos of Crete, 30n, 116n, 120, 122
Minyae, 153n
Mnesus, 240
Moirai, 360 see also Fates (Moirai)
Mongols, 252n
Moros (destiny), 41, 77, 113, 361
Morpheus, 92, 92n
Mulius, 240
Mycenae, 7, 24n, 63, 65–7, 81–2, 90, 118, 141, 342, 343
Mydon, 240
Mygdalion, 125–6
Myrmidons, 30–1, 35, 63, 131, 175, 181, 183, 189, 220, 227–8, 249, 260, 277–8
Myrrha, 126n
Myrtilus, 9–10, 63, 369
Myrtoan Sea, 9
Mysians, 268–9, 271
myth, and reality, 338–52
Nauplius, 178–9
Nemean Lion, 14, 198, 269, 364
Nemesis, 70, 361
Neoptolemus (formerly Pyrrhus): birth, 133, 133n; summoned to Troy, 267–71; joins battle, 276–7; in Sophocles’ Philoctetes, 281n; sceptical of Wooden Horse, 295–6; in the Wooden Horse, 311, 321; kills Priam, 326; in List of Characters, 378
Nereids, 38, 38n, 43, 83n, 362
Nereus, 38n, 39, 82–4, 361
Nessus, 151, 152n, 364
Nestor of Pylos: joins the Achaean fleet, 120; attempts diplomacy over Helen, 126, 162–3; wisdom of, 162; devises signalling system, 173; trusted by Agamemnon, 126, 186; reconciliation of Agamemnon and Achilles, 190, 218; in Agamemnon’s dream, 195; dissuades Greeks from desertion, 195n; advice on battle formation, 196; in battle, 210, 216; encourages Achilles, 237; death of Antilochus, 256; mourns Achilles, 260; refuses to choose between Achilles and Ajax, 262; and the Wooden Horse, 321; in List of Characters, 378
Nevala-Lee, Alec, 88n
Nicander, 274n
Nicostratus, 90, 115, 118, 205, 287, 328, 379
nudity, 95n
Oceanids, 43, 83, 83n, 85, 362
Oceanus, 37n, 83n, 85, 361
Odysseus: and Helen’s marriage to Menelaus, 74–81; marries Penelope, 91; feigns madness, 120–4; finds Achilles, 134–6; brings Iphigenia to Aulis, 141–3; favoured by Athena, 158; delegation to King Priam, 163–6; called Laeritdes, 168n; devises signalling system, 173; and Palamades, 176–8; returns Chryseis to her father, 191; persuades the Greeks against desertion, 195n; in battle, 196, 199, 207, 210; offers to fight Hector, 214; embassy to Achilles, 219–20; kills Rhesus and his horses, 221–3; rescued on the battlefield, 224–5; prevents the Greek ships sailing, 225; and Achilles, 237; and Thersites, 254; mourns Achilles, 259–60; granted the armour of Achilles, 263–4; and the death of Ajax, 266; brings Neoptolemus to Troy, 269–71, 276; brings Philoctetes from the isle of Lemnos, 279–80; steals the Palladium, 283–9; plans the Wooden Horse, 295–300; in the Wooden Horse, 309–14, 317–21; in List of Characters, 379
Oeax, 178–9
Oedipus, 64
Oenomaus, 8, 63, 370
Oenone, 55, 57, 91, 105, 273, 282, 283, 386
Oicles, 13, 15–16, 19, 370
Olympia, kingdom of, 63
Olympian gods, 41–3, 156–60, 207–10, 337–8
Olympic Games, 63, 335
Oneiros, 133n
Ophelestes, 240
Opus, kingdom of, 89
Orestes, 90
Orion the Hunter (constellation), 323, 364
Ossa, Mount, 31n
Othrys, Mount, 63
Ouranos, 37n, 38, 108, 160, 361
Palamedes, 121–5, 163, 164, 176–8, 182n, 305, 307, 379–80
Palladium, 6, 47, 284, 327; stolen by Odysseus and Diomedes, 284–9
Pallas Athena see Athena
Pan, 43, 361
Pandarus, 180–1, 206, 207, 208, 387
pankration, 98
Paris: birth and upbringing on Mount Ida, 51–5, 90; prize bull of, 55–7, 92–3; judgement of, 57–62; return to Troy, 91–103; abduction of Helen, 103–7, 114–17, 201; watches arrival of the Greeks, 155–6; plot to murder Achaean delegation, 165–7; fights Menelaus in single combat, 197–8, 201–3; unpopularity, 211; joins battle with Hector, 212–13; refuses to return Helen, 215; in battle, 216, 224–5; kills Achilles, 257–8; welcomes Eurypylus, 269; Helen’s disillusion with, 273–4; kills Corythus, 274–5; killed by Philoctetes, 281–2; in List of Characters, 387
Parthenius of Nicaea, Erotica Pathemata, 274n
Pasiphae, 116n
Patroclus: suitor for Helen, 74; friendship with Achilles, 89, 91, 131–2; and Briseis, 184, 192; and the embassy to Achilles, 219; borrows Achilles’ armour and joins battle, 226–9; killed by Hector, 229–30; fight for his body, 230–5; funeral, 247; in List of Characters, 380
Pausanias, 191n, 267n, 347
Pegasus, 62, 364
Peleides, 168, 168n, 254 see also Achilles
Peleus: kills his half-brother Phocus, 24–7; in exile in Phthia, 29–31; accidentally kills Eurytion, 31; tricked by Astrydameia, 32–5; love for Thetis, 35–41; marriage to Thetis, 39–41, 44–5; king of Phthia, 63, 91; birth of Achilles (Ligyron), 82–6; agrees to hide Achilles, 129–31; sword and spear of, 238, 238n, 261, 276–7; in List of Characters, 370
Pelias, 31
Pelion, Mount, 31n, 35, 41, 63
Pelopia, 66
Peloponnese, 7, 63, 65, 118–19, 342
Pelops, 7–10, 63–4, 65, 190n, 370
Penelope, 76, 91, 121, 122–5, 380
penteconter (ship), 19, 125, 136, 147, 147n, 162
Penthesilea, Queen of the Amazons, 161, 251–3, 251n, 387
Periboea, 28n
Persephone, 42, 71, 361
Perseus, 12n, 370–1
Phaedra, 32
Phereclus, 107, 114
Philip II, King of Macdonia, 67n
Philoctetes, 74, 151–4, 279–81, 296, 380
Phobos, 157n
Phocus, 25–7, 371
Phoenicia, 116
Phoenix, 144, 219, 237, 380
Phorcys, 233
Phrygia, 2, 182
Phrygian Games, 4
Phthia, 29–31, 35, 63, 84, 91
Phylaceans, 169–70
Phythia, 152n
Pindar (poet), 28n
Pirithous, 71, 190, 331n, 371
Pisa (Greek city state), 7–8, 63
Pittheus, 64n, 72
plague: on Aegina, 30; in the Greek camp, 185–7; in Troy, 11, 14
Plato, 347
Pleiades, 236, 363
Pleione, 2
Podalirius, 276, 280–1, 380
Podarces, 170, 255 see also Priam
Poe, Edgar Allan, 133n
Poeas of Meliboea, 151, 151n
Polemusa, 252n
Polites, 325–6, 387
Pollux see Polydeuces (Pollux)
Polydamas, 235, 242, 302, 388
Polydeuces (Pollux), 69, 70, 115, 200 see also Dioscuri
Polydora, 31, 32
Polydorus, 239–40, 388
Polymele, 89, 145, 145n
polyspermy, 69
Polyxena, 90, 180, 388
Pontus, 37n, 39
Pope, Alexander, 348<
br />
Poseidon, 7, 9, 10–11, 42, 43, 72, 121, 158, 171, 222, 239, 331n, 358
prehistory, 340–2
Priam: life bought by Hesione, 21–4; rebuilds Troy, 47–50; abandons Paris as a baby, 51–2; children of, 90; at the funeral games, 96–7; welcomes back Paris, 101, 104–7; and Helen, 127, 198–201; and the Achaean delegation, 163–5; opens the gates of Troy, 241–2; grief for Hector, 246; requests Hector’s body from Achilles, 248–50; orders burial of Penthesilea, 255; mourns Paris, 282; and the disappearance of the Greeks, 294–5; and the Wooden Horse, 301–8; killed by Neoptolemus, 325–6; in List of Characters, 388
Proetus, King of Mycenae, 65
Prometheus, 37, 41, 44–5, 362
Protesilaus (formerly Iolaus), 169–70, 225, 255
Proteus, 39
Psamathe, 25
Pylos, 63
Pyrrha, 133, 133n
Pyrrhus see Neoptolemus
Python, 152n
Quintus Smyrnaeus, Fall of Troy, 252n, 255n, 264
Racine, Phèdre, 252n
Renaissance, 348
Rhadamanthus, 30n
Rhesus of Thrace, 222–3, 388
Salamis (island), 24, 28, 63, 90, 119
Salamis (nymph), 28, 28n
Sarpedon of Lycia, 161, 225, 228, 231, 232, 388
Scaean Gate, Troy, 96, 164, 211, 224, 242, 245, 257, 282, 308, 324
Scamander (river), 2n, 3, 5, 94, 157n, 164, 168, 196, 206, 224, 227, 240, 241, 271, 362
sceptre, of Agamemnon, 190, 190n
Schliemann, Heinrich, 348–51
Sea Peoples, 343
Selene, 39, 323, 362
Semele, 64n
Seneca, Phaedra, 252n
Shakespeare, 162; Henry VI Part 3, 323n; A Midsummer Night’s Dream, 252n; Troilus and Cressida, 179, 181, 254n, 255n; Venus and Adonis, 126n
Sidon of Phoenicia, 116
Simoeis (river), 3, 5, 266
Sinon, 300, 303–9, 310, 313–14, 323–4, 323n, 381
Sisyphus, 121, 371
Skyros, 132, 134, 237, 268, 269
Sophocles: Ajax, 265n; Philoctetes, 151n, 153n, 281n
Sparta (Laconia; Lacedaemon), 7, 63, 67, 67n, 81, 115, 117–18
Sporades, 119
Star Wars (films), 251n
Sterope, 32
Stheneboea, 32
Sthenelus (friend of Hector), 228
Sthenelus of Argos, 207, 217–18
Stone Age, 341
Strabo, 267n, 347
Styx (river), 84, 85, 258, 363
Suetonius, 48n, 133n
Talthybius, 191–2
Tantalus, 7, 10, 65, 371
Tartarus, 152n
Tecmessa, 182, 265, 266, 389
Telamon: and Hesione, 13, 15, 16, 18, 105; and Heracles’ sack of Troy, 19–22; and the death of Phocus, 24–7; father of Ajax, 28–9; and the Argonauts, 31; king of Salamis, 90–1; in List of Characters, 371