Figures 12.9 and 12.10. Shares for surname–place of origin combinations among juren from south Jiangsu and north Zhejiang for 1660–1905 were derived from Chronicle of Zhejiang Jiang 1985 and Chronicle of Jiangsu 1993. Population shares of surname–place of origin combinations in these counties were estimated from records of twenty-five thousand soldier deaths from these same counties for the years 1927–53, assuming that the population share of these names was constant over the period 1680–2010. Names were classified as elite in the period 1871–1905 if they appeared at a rate four times the average among juren. Surname shares among elites 1905–2010 were estimated as in table 9.1.
Table 12.1. See sources for figure 12.3.
Table 12.2. See sources for figure 12.4.
Table 12.3. See sources for figure 12.5.
Chapter 13
Figure 13.1. Coakley 2004, figure 1.
Figures 13.2–13.4. The household returns are from Census of Ireland 1911. For each person, they list age, gender, literacy, religion, and occupation. Only some occupations could be classified by skill: occupations such as farmer are too diffuse in the Irish context to be assigned a skill level. So the ratio of skilled to unskilled is calculated only for more urban, better-defined occupations.
Figure 13.5. Daily Telegraph, October 19, 2011. Photo © 2011 The Associated Press / Matt Dunham.
Figure 13.6. The figure shows groups of surnames based on frequency (number of holders in the general population) as shares of the population in general in England and Wales in the census of 1881 (Schurer and Woollard 2000). Also shown are the shares of the Jewish population in each surname group in the 1881 census. The Jewish population is identified as men and women appearing in the Register of Marriages in the years 1910–14 with first names Aaron, Abe, Abraham, Golda, Hyman, Israel, Jacob, Judah, Meir, Meyer, Myer, Mordecai, Solomon, and Yetta.
Figure 13.7. Population shares for 1881 are derived as for figure 13.6. The Traveller population is defined as a set of people in the 1891 England and Wales census identified by such descriptions as “Living in caravan” or “In tent,” from Keet-Black 2002.
Figure 13.8. The probate rates for the surname Loveridge for the period 1858–2012 are the number of Loveridge probates from England and Wales, Index to Wills and Administrations, 1858–2013, divided by the numbers of deaths of people named Loveridge age 21 and older from England and Wales, Register of Deaths, 1837–2005. The probate rate for the population in general was taken as the number of probates for people named Brown divided by the number of Brown deaths for people age 21 and above.
Figures 13.10 and 13.11. Doctors as a share of each surname group are derived from all doctors listed under the surname in American Medical Association 2012. For surnames held by one hundred or more people, the size of each surname group in 2000 is estimated from Ward et al. 2012. For rarer surnames, the surname-group size is estimated from Public Profiler, n.d.
Surnames were identified for ethnic groups through a variety of means. For most countries, lists of the most common surnames are available. For doctors trained abroad, the American Medical Association directory gives their national origin, allowing a check on these lists. Groups such as the Hmong were identified by the clustering of surnames in the United States seen in Public Profiler, n.d., at locations of known Hmong communities.
Table 13.1. Botticini and Eckstein 2012, figure 1.1, 18. This source records the share of Jews in the total population for Europe, North Africa, Asia Minor, Arabia, and West Asia.
Table 13.2. Parry et al. 2007, table 2.
Chapter 14
Figures 14.1–14.3. Lists of MPs after 1660 are derived from Rayment, n.d. For the period 1295–1659, information comes from the following sources: for 1386–1421, Roskell, Clark, and Rawcliffe 1993; for 1509–1558, Bindoff 1982; for 1558–1603, Hasler 1981; and for 1604–29, Thrush and Ferris 2010. We also draw on a wide variety of sources on individual constituencies.
Table 14.1. Muster rolls of English armies and garrisons, 1369 to 1453, come mainly from the National Archives series E 101 (94,962 service records), available online at “The Soldier in Later Medieval England,” www.medievalsoldier.org. See also Bell et al. 2013.
Chapter 15
Figure 15.1. Plomin et. al. 1997.
Figures 15.2 and 15.3. Sacerdote 2007, 138.
Table 15.1. Sacerdote 2007, table 5.
Table 15.2. Björklund, Jäntti, and Solon 2007, table 1.
Appendix 3
Figures A3.1–A3.4. Public Profiler, n.d.
Figure A3.5. Social Security Death Index, n.d.
Figure A3.6. Doctors per thousand population from American Medical Association 2012; Ward et al. 2012.
Figure A3.7. See sources for figure 13.8.
Table A3.1. England and Wales, Register of Deaths, 1837–2005; England and Wales, Index to Wills and Administrations, 1858–2013.
Table A3.2. U.K., Office of National Statistics 2002; General Medical Council 2012; Nursing and Midwifery Council, “Search the Register,” www.nmc-uk.org/Search-the-register.
Table A3.3. Census of Ireland 1911.
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