by Mary Renault
In the street, I daresay; but it did me good to see his face. At least he could see my teacher had sharpened my wits. But Lysis looked serious when I told him, and said that if my uncle thought ill of Sokrates, a pert answer would not make him think better. This was the first time he had ever reproved me. When he saw how I felt it, he soon relented. He went out of his way after this to greet Phaedo kindly; but the boy grew silent in company, as Sokrates had found. He would talk, when we were alone, but always as across an invisible shield. He was waiting for me to find out what he was and turn against him, and I saw it. You may wonder indeed why I did not feel a distaste in spite of myself. But first love, like the light of dawn, sheds a kind of beauty wherever you look. Besides, though I knew what his life was, I knew it without understanding, as one knows of a country where one has not been. It only gave him a strangeness for me.
One day I met him early in the morning, walking out to the Academy. As we went up the Street of Tombs, we fell to talking of death; and Phaedo said he did not believe the soul survives it, whether in the underworld, or in a new body, or in the air. I replied that since I had loved Lysis, it seemed impossible to me that the soul should be extinguished. The soul is a surfeit-dream, he said, of a man with food and drink in him and his lust fed. Let the body be hungry, or thirsty, or in desire, and what is his soul but the dog's nose that leads it to flesh? The dog dies, and rots, and its nose smells nothing. He spoke as if he hated me, and wished to leave me nothing that could give me joy. Yet I remembered I had failed Sokrates once, and Lysis had reproved me; and I paused to think. I said, If you put a fat old man into the long-race, he will fall down dead. Does that prove it can't be run? This, Phaedo, is why I think the soul outlives the body: I have seen how the body can be bought and sold, and not only that, but forced to what it hates and would never consent to; yet the soul can be free, and keep its courage, and defy its fate. So I believe in the soul.
He was silent some time, walking so fast that the limp from his wound appeared. At last he said, It seemed incredible that you could know. I said I would never have intruded in the matter, except that the silence was putting a distance between us. I can't keep much from Lysis, I said. But you can rely on him not to talk, as you can on me. He laughed shortly and said, Don't make a trouble of it. Kritias knows.
A little later, finding he had never been out of the City, I took him walking in the pine-woods at the foot of Lykabettos. It was there he told me how he had been enslaved. After his city had been some months besieged, his father, who was a strategos, had raised a troop of volunteers to storm the Athenian siege-wall, a desperate enterprise which had almost succeeded. Phaedo, fighting at his father's side, got a wound there, which did not heal well, because by then they were almost starving. The Athenians sent for more troops, and closed the gap; no food came in at all, and they could only throw themselves on the mercy of the enemy. Phaedo, who could not walk alone, lay on his bed, listening to the clamour as the gates were opened and the Athenians marched in. Presently he heard a great shrieking of women, and the death-cries of men. Soldiers ran in, dragged him from his bed to the Agora, and threw him down among a crowd of young lads and children, who had been herded into the sheep-pound. Just across the square was a pile of corpses newly killed, and still being added to; sticking out of the midst of it was his father's head. There was an auctioneers' rostrum in the Agora; here, where he could see well and be out of the dirt and mess, stood Philokrates the Athenian commander, directing the slaughter of the fighting men which the Athenians had ordered. It went on for some time. Phaedo did not come too late to see his lover brought in with bound hands, and run through the throat before his eyes. When it was time to lead off the women to the ships, Philokrates came down from the rostrum to choose a couple for himself. The rest were taken away to be sold. Thus Phaedo saw the last of his mother, a woman not long past thirty, and handsome still.
He had been brought to the Piraeus slave-market very sick with his wound; but Gurgos had taken a risk on him for the sake of his looks, and nursed him well. At first he had not understood what the place was, and thought he was to work as a bathman. When he knew, he refused food and drink, intending to die. Then, he said, in the evening old Gurgos came and left a cup of wine beside me. The wine-jar had just been drawn up from the well, and the cup sweated with coolness. I was faint and thirsty; and I said to myself, for whom am I doing this? I who have neither father nor friend to be dishonoured, who believe neither in men nor in any god? The birds and beasts live from hour to hour, and they live very well.' He had learned the arts of his calling, and commanded a high price. But on a certain day, feeling his soul sickened and his mind in turmoil, he had locked the door as though someone was with him, and getting out by the window, had wandered about the City. There he had passed Sokrates talking, and had stayed to listen. Is it true, Alexias, that there is an Athenian who lives in a cave and hates men? — Yes: Timon. — When I came to Sokrates I was much the same, I mean in my soul. I had taught myself to withdraw my mind from them, as the herdsman sits apart on a rock, to windward of the goats. I did not wish to share my rock with anyone; if one of my beasts aspired toward manhood, I had learned how to keep him in his place.
I was eager he should meet Lysis; but at first Phaedo always found some reason to be gone. Presently, however, I got them acquainted, and it was plain each thought well of the other. Shortly after, Lysis being about to give a supper for Sokrates and his particular friends, I said, It's a pity Phaedo can't come; Sokrates would like to see him. — Why not? said Lysis at once. A good thought of yours. I'll go down beforehand and buy an evening of his time. I asked to come too, but he said, Are you serious? Your reputation would never recover from it. When boys of your age go to Gurgos's, they don't go to buy but to sell.
The party went well, and Phaedo seemed to enjoy it. When everyone had gone, and Lysis and I were yawning in the first light but still unwilling to part, I asked him what Gurgos's place was like.
Very fashionable. You are received first by Gurgos, who is a fat Phrygian with a dyed beard. He enquires your tastes, rubbing his hands; when you ask for Phaedo he bows himself in two, like a cloth-seller when you order purple. You are directed through the bath, where you find all those bodies that are never seen in the palaestra, and the boys who are free, making themselves useful till they are needed elsewhere. They are mostly slaves, so I suppose they could be worse off, but when a child of nine years or so came up ogling me, the pleasure I would have paid highest for would have been that of throwing Gurgos head first into the cauldron, to rinse his beard for him. The rooms are behind the baths. Phaedo has the apartment of honour; his name is over the door, together with his price. He had a customer when I got there. Phaedo's clients are treated like gentlemen and not hurried; Gurgos's strong man is at hand, lest some impatient person should try to break down the door. In due course I knocked, and Phaedo opened. All he had on was the paint on his face. I knew then I shouldn't have come. The next moment, he slammed-to the door. He was almost too quick for me; but being rather stronger I managed to hold it. 'Next room,' he said through the crack, 'I'm engaged.' —'Wait, Phaedo,' I began. Suddenly he flung open the door, so that I nearly fell inside. He stood there laughing. He looked like something you might come upon in a dark wood. 'Come in, Lysis,' he said. 'Honour the threshold. Who am I to turn away trade? Ever since Alexias sang me the hymn of your virtues, I've been expecting you here. What can I do for you?' He added one or two remarks, compared with which Gurgos had talked like a schoolmaster. All the same, you can tell he was brought up a gentleman; he knows how to apologise and keep his dignity. It was my fault for going to his room. But I've never set foot inside a boys' house before. I told him anyone who was ready to be angry for your sake was a friend of mine. I only wish I could afford to buy him out; it would be as good a dedication to the gods as one could make in a lifetime. But I had to pay two gold staters for one evening of him. To sell outright, Gurgos would want the price of a racehorse.
; They were good friends after this; but Lysis never spent long alone with Phaedo, who never seemed offended at it. I daresay he felt a compliment to himself, which he was too well-bred to hint at to me; and I daresay he was right. Even I myself felt something of his attraction; for Eros had certainly smiled upon his birth. But to him it had all become such a weariness and disgust as the oar is to the rower. I was as safe with him as with my father.
All his life was in his mind which Sokrates had awakened. I, who had followed the man for love of his nature, seemed to Phaedo only half a friend; he had no mercy on my softness. He would force me to the logic of the negative elenchos, attacking my dearest beliefs till, driven from my last ditch, I would say, But Phaedo, we know it's true. — Oh, no. We may have a true opinion, perhaps. Do you call that knowledge? We know what we have proved. Once I lost my temper with him, and trying to hide it walked on in silence. Presently he said, You look rather the worse for wear today, Alexias; has someone been knocking you about? — Of course not, I said. Lysis threw me at practise, and I got a few bruises, that's all. — Does he call himself a friend, and treat you like that? I drew breath for an angry answer; then I understood, and begged his pardon. No harm done, he said. But I daresay I know as well as Lysis what a good guard is worth.
I never heard him pity himself, or complain of what he was going back to. But in the meantime, a better friend than I had his cause in hand. Sokrates had told his story to Kriton; the man who, in their own youth, had urged him forth from his workshop to take his place among the philosophers. Kriton was rich; he offered at once to buy Phaedo out.
The bargaining took some time. Phaedo's fame had spread and his price gone up again; Gurgos treated Kriton at first like one who had lost his head over the boy and would pay anything. But he soon found out he was dealing with a businessman; Kriton asked if his boys had drunk of the fountain of youth, offering to come back in a year or two and ask the price again. Gurgos was scared, and closed the deal.
Happy enough at such a change of masters, Phaedo could scarcely be got to understand that he was free. Kriton, finding he wrote a good hand, employed him in his library, copying books, and recommended him to other men of learning, so that he could be studying as he worked. Soon none of us could remember what our circle had been like without him. There was that in his bearing which even the shameless had to respect; you did not find his former customers being familiar in the street. He on his side was strict in not giving them away, saying that every trade has its ethic. But sometimes, when a self-important citizen was holding forth in the Agora, condemning foreign luxury or wondering what young men were coming to, I saw Phaedo watching with irony in his dark eye.
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the earth quickened to spring; on the great Academy training-ground, the army exercised every day under Demosthenes' eye. He was a man as solid as a rock, but not as cold; red-faced, from weather more than wine in spite of the jokes at the theatre; loud-voiced and hearty, but confident, not blustering. I thought my father would be glad of his coming.
All this while, the child at home was thriving. My mother had called her Charis, after my father's mother, since he had not named her himself. She could crawl, and would try to stand by clinging to my fingers. One day I had thought, If he who gives life is the father, then I am he. In this I had felt some sweetness; but soon it seemed impious and I put it away. Then I thought, She shall never know it. No one shall suffer through me what I myself remember. So I went out to the household altar, and burned some saffron, and vowed it to Zeus the Merciful. The guilt of my impiety sometimes rode my pillow; yet even with Lysis I had kept my oath. Perhaps I might have broken it some dark night; but at this time each bore himself before the other like the player chosen to wear the mask of the god.
One morning, when even the City was scented with spring, I woke happy; I was to ride to the farm, and Lysis had promised to come too. The first sunlight was green in the new leaves of the fig-tree; the doves were calling, and Kydilla sang at her work an old country song about a bride. From the courtyard I could hear the child piping and chattering indoors like a young bird. I took up the song and sang the verse for the bridegroom; Kydilla giggled and broke off, and started singing again. Suddenly there was a great clatter of hoofs under the entry. I sprang to see, my father's image in my mind. But it was Lysis, full-armed and helmed, his javelins standing in the holster. When he saw me, he said without dismounting, Alexias, have you got your armour?
Armour? I was still two minas short of Pistias' price, and had not even been measured yet; I was not sure I had done growing. When shall I need it, Lysis? He said, Now.
The doves were still making love, and the child singing. He said, The Spartans have broken the truce, and come down into Attica. Dekeleia fell last night. They are nearly at Acharnai. From the High City you can see the fires. What armour have you? My troop's three men short.
I looked up at his tall crest of blue enamel, his breastplate and greaves bordered with studs of gold. Wait for me, Lysis. I'll be ready in a moment. I was running in when he shouted after me. It brought me up standing. I might have been one of his troopers. But so I am now, I thought. I came back and said, Yes, Lysis? — Have you armour, he said, or not? — My hunting-leathers are just as strong. — This is war, not a torch-race. Then he saw my face, and leaned down to pat my shoulder. Don't take it so hard; we've all been caught napping. How should you have armour, a year under age? But I must get on now; I came to you first.
I thought, Some god will help me ; and then help came. I caught him by the foot and said, No, wait, Lysis, I know where to get it. Don't go. Wait.
I shouted to the groom to get Phoenix ready, and ran in. My mother was up; she still fed the child herself sometimes, and had just put her to the breast. She drew her dress across, and got to her feet, holding the child and staring at me. Mother, the Spartans are coming. They have reached Acharnai. Don't be frightened; we'll soon turn them back. But I must go at once, and I've no armour, only a sword. Give me the armour of your father Archagoras.
She drew the child from her and laid it in the cradle and stood up, pressing her mantle with her hand over her breast. You, Alexias? Oh, no, you are still a boy. — If I am not a man today, it will be too late tomorrow. Lysis has come for me, to join his troop. She still looked at me without speaking. I said, You promised me, Mother, I should be truly your son.
She said, still gazing, You are, Alexias, and with the words, the trumpet blew from the Anakeion the horsemen's call. You must have it then. But it is too soon. She took the keys from her casket and opened the chest. She had kept the armour perfectly, polished and oiled, all but the straps which had perished. But my father had left some of his. I said, I will come back when I have it on. I shall need food; tell Kydilla.
Lysis had dismounted and was waiting in the guestroom. I spread the armour on a couch. I had not seen it for years, and its appearance dismayed me. In old Archagoras' day, if a man was someone he saw no reason not to make it known. The gold studs were well enough; but the Gorgon's head, with snakes raying over the nipples, went beyond moderation. I said, This is too fine, I shall be laughed at. — Today? One of my boys has a Mede's tunic with fish-scales, that's hung sixty years on the wall. He helped to arm me. It was not such a fit as Pistias would have given me, being a little big, but better than Demeas' practice suit, so I thought myself well off. Lysis held me out at arm's length and said, Now it is on, it is not too fine, and no one will laugh. Kiss your mother and get your food; we must be going.
Archagoras' sword was better than mine. I slung it on and went through to the living-room. My father's old kit-bag was on the table. I'm ready, Mother. Let me try the helmet. It was in her hands; she had been burnishing it. The crest was a triple one, of sea-horses whose tails fell together behind. She set it on my head, and it fitted well. There was a silver mirror on the wall behind her; as I moved, I saw a man reflected in it. I turned round startled, to see what man had come into the women's rooms. Then I saw that the man was I.
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You must take a cloak, she said, the nights are still cold. She had my thick one ready. I will offer for you every day, dear son, to Athene Nike and to the Mother. She did not come forward. I pushed the cheek-plates back from my face: a thing one does like breathing, yet there is a first time for everything. It was long since I had embraced her; when I drew her near, I found I had grown tall enough to lean my chin upon her head. I thought of her goodness to me in childhood, when I was small and weak; it was strange to feel her so little in my arms, and trembling like a bird when you shut your hand on it. In gladness that I could now go out to defend her as a man, I began lifting her face to kiss her. But I must have hurt her on the armour, never having worn it before, for she put me away from her. She took the cloak and hung it on my arm and said again, I will pray for you. I laid my hand on hers. When you pray for me, Mother, pray for Lysis too. She looked up, and as she withdrew from me, Yes, she said, I will pray for him indeed.
So that day Lysis and I rode out after all to the farmlands. As the City gate swung open for us, I saw the back of his helmet-crest, leading out the troop; and his voice carried over to me above the noise of the horses, when he gave an order. We formed in column of three, and I rode in the midst of the column. At the rear came Lysis' Second, who was a veteran of the troop, being nineteen and a half years old. Lysis was the only one of us all who had ever fought in battle. We trotted along the Acharnian Way, trying to talk like soldiers. Behind us sounded the noise of the City calling to arms; the hoplites were turning out, the dust of horsemen was white before us and behind.