39. Instructions from the Secretary of State’s Office, to the said Superintendent, 23 August 1815, published in in Two Reports of John Henry Capper, Esquire, Superintendent of the Several Ships and Vessels for the Confinement of Offenders under Sentence of Transportation (16 October 1815 & 26 January 1816), London: House of Commons, 1816, p. 10
40. Christian Herald and Seaman’s Magazine, Vol. 4, New York: Caldwell, 1817, pp. 362–3
41. Ibid., p. 363
42. Hampshire Chronicle, 7 April 1823, p. 2
43. Hampshire Chronicle, 3 March 1823, p. 3
44. The Journal of John Wesley, Chicago: Moody Press, 1951, See p. 187 of the online version at: http://www.ccel.org/ccel/wesley/journal.htm
45. “Alterations at Sheerness”, Morning Post, 15 October 1821, p. 2
46. “The Royal Dockyards”, p. 359
47. John Newman, Kent: North-East and East, Buildings of England, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2013, p. 543
48. “The Royal Dockyards”, p. 358
49. Uwe Johnson, letter to Lore and Joachim Menzhausen, 29 October 1980, Inselgeschichten, p. 81.
50. Peter Gurney, Co-Operative Culture and the Politics of Consumption in England, 1870–1930, Manchester University Press, 1996, p. 12
51. William Shrubsole, A Plea in Favour of the Shipwrights belonging to the Royal Dock Yards Humbly Offering Reasons to the PUBLIC for an Addition to their PAY: With a Method to Effect it, Rochester, 1770, p. 10
52. Ibid., pp. 9–10
53. Ibid., p. 16
54. W. Shrubsole, Christian Memoirs in the Form of a New Pilgrimage to the Heavenly Jerusalem, London: E. Baynes, 1807, pp. 7 & 4
55. Records of the Sun Insurance Office, London Metropolitan Archives, CLC/B/192/F/001/MS11936/passim
56. “The Mutiny at the Nore”, Sheerness Guardian, 12 June 1869
57. “Alterations at Sheerness, p. 2
58. “Postscript”, Hampshire Chronicle, 1 October 1827, p. 4
59. “Sheerness New County Court”, Maidstone Journal and Kentish Advertiser, 11 May 1847, p. 3.
60. “Sanitary State of Sheerness”, letter to the editor by “Sanitarius”, London Daily News, 28 December 1858, p. 7
61. “Marriages, Births, and Deaths”, Morning Post, 4 August 1857, p. 7
62. “Sanitary State of Sheerness”
16. Fritz J. Raddatz’s Perambulation
1. Uwe Johnson, letter to Fritz Raddatz, 14 May 1977, Inselgeschichten, p. 72.
2. August A. Daly, The History of the Isle of Sheppey from the Roman Occupation to the Reign of his Most Gracious Majesty King Edward VII, London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., 1904, p. 268
3. Hampshire Chronicle, 17 January 1825, p. 4
4. William Cobbett, Rural Rides, ed. Pitt Cobbett, London: Reeves and Turner, 1886, p. 52
5. John Newman, The Buildings of England, Kent: North-East and East, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2013, p. 544
6. John Newman, The Buildings of England; Kent: North East and East, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1969, p. 439
7. “Opening of a Conservative Club”, Whitstable Times and Herne Bay Herald, 19 March 1887, p. 5
8. Ray Pahl, Divisions of Labour, p.166
9. Newman, Kent: North East and East Kent, pp. 106 & 439.
10. “Sheerness”, Kentish Gazette, 18 August 1835. Also Kentish Gazette, 6 September 1836, p. 4
11. Simon Bradley, email to the author, 9 March 1918
12. Hampshire Chronicle, 23 April 1827, p. 1
13. “Hotel, at Banks Town, Sheerness — To be let”, Morning Post, 11 June 1827, p. 1
14. “Sheerness”, Morning Post, 19 January 1831, p. 3
15. South Eastern Gazette, 30 January 1827, p. 3
16. “An inhabitant of Sheerness”, letter to the editor, Maidstone Gazette and Kentish Courier, 13 August 1933, p. 4
17. “Sheerness”, Kentish Gazette, 3 September 1833, p. 3
18. “A Citizen of the World”, Kentish Gazette, 10 September 1833, p. 3
19. “Sheerness”, Morning Post, 20 September 1833, p. 3
20. Rambles in the Isle of Sheppy, p. 28
21. “Royal Hotel”, Kentish Independent, 21 February 1863, p. 4
22. Four boys fined for robbing the garden of Mr Smithson of the Royal Hotel in “Sheerness”, Kentish Independent, 11 September 1852, p. 3. A decade later, some twenty boys were found pillaging the garden, and three fined for beating up the gardener who confronted them. “Assault by Boys”, South Eastern Gazette, 28 January 1862, p. 5
23. “Gravesend Mechanics’ Institute”, Kentish Mercury, 19 January 1839, p. 2
24. On 23 September 1854, the Illustrated London News reported that 1140 Russian prisoners captured by the Baltic fleet at the vanquished Russian fortress at Bomarsund on the Åland Islands, were being held at Sheerness on the prison ships Devonshire and Benbow prior to being moved to inland jails. Drawing by Robert Thomas Landells, held at the Royal Army Museum, NAM. 1976-10-2-1
25. See, for example, “Sheerness Local Board of Health”, Sheerness Guardian, 18 September 1860, p. 2
26. “Isle of Sheppy, Kent, Long Leasehold Property Producing a Gross Rental of £301 15s. per Annum”, Kentish Independent, 4 October 1856, p. 1
27. The Admiralty dockyard remained one of the expanding “establishments” promising growth. Within a few years, however, the army garrison would also be enlarged and rebuilt. When completed in 1861, it would provide accommodation for at least one thousand men, while the casemented fort overlooking the Medway would, so Commander Scott R.N. assured a military and naval audience gathered in the garrison schoolroom, house forty one-hundred-pounder Armstrong guns capable of firing every kind of projectile — “solid, case, and grape shot as well as common diaphragms and Martin’s liquid iron shells” — at any enemy ship trying to enter the Medway, Kentish Gazette, 22 October 1861
28. “Long Leaseholds, Marine Town, Sheerness”, Morning Advertiser, 26 March 1857, p. 8
29. “Contemplated Increase of the Town of Sheerness”, Kentish Chronicle, 22 October 1859, p. 4. The fact that Berridge fought the case with a partner named Henry Bateman Jenkins may follow from the fact that Sir Henry Meux had been declared insane a year previously in 1858
30. “Opening of the Sittingbourne and Sheerness Railway”, Kentish Gazette, 24 July 1860, p. 3
31. “Sheerness”, Kentish Gazette, 22 October 1861, p. 6
32. Melville & Co.’s Directory and Gazetteer of Kent, London: F. R. Melville & Co., 1858, p. 226
33. “Thursday — Nisi Prius Court”, South Eastern Gazette, 29 July 1856, p. 3
34. “Commission of Lunacy on Sir Henry Meux”, John Bull, 12 June 1858, p. 14
35. “Local Board of Health”, Sittingbourne, Faversham and Sheerness Gazette, 17 December 1859, p. 4
36. As explained in the editorial of the Sheerness Times and General Advertiser, 21 March 1868
37. “Sheerness”, Kentish Mercury, 15 December 1849, p. 3
38. “The Chancery Ditch”, Globe, 26 February 1864, p. 4.
39. “Past, Present and Future” letter to the editor, “The Local Board of Health”, East Kent Gazette, 14 January 1860, p. 4
40. Sittingbourne, Faversham and Sheerness Gazette, 7 Jan 1860, p. 4
41. “Sheerness”, South Eastern Gazette, 6 November 1860, p. 5
42. “Sheerness”, Kentish Gazette, 16 October 1860, p. 3
43. “Meeting of the Sheerness Local Board of Health”, Kentish Gazette, 18 October 1860, p. 3
44. “Testimonial to Lieut-Colonel Montagu”, East Kent Gazette, 17 November 1860, p. 4
45. “ Sheerness”, South Eastern Gazette, 4 August 1863, p. 5
46. “Sheerness — The Chancery Suit”, South Eastern Gazette, 30 October, 1860, p. 5.
47. “Sheerness”, Kentish Mercury, 20 March 1852, p. 7
48. Sheerness Guardian, 28 November 1863
49. “Equity Courts — Jan. 16”, Morning Post, 18 January 1864, p. 7
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50. “Sheerness”, South Eastern Gazette, 24 November 1863, p. 5
51. “Sheerness”, Guardian and East Kent Advertiser, 3 January 1863
52. “Sheerness”, South Eastern Gazette, 15 March 1864, p. 5
53. Editorial in Sheerness Times and General Advertiser, 22 February 1868
54. “Remarkable Divorce Case — Five Thousand Pounds Damages”, Herts Guardian, Agricultural Journal, and General Advertiser, 27 December 1862, p. 2
55. “Court for Divorce and Matrimonial Cases”, Southern Reporter and Cork Examiner, 23 December 1862, p. 4.
56. Ibid.
57. See the papers concerning the property and estate of Richard Berridge, London Metropolitan Archives, ACC/1406
17. Becoming “Sheerness-on-Sea”: The Scramble for a Second Horse
1. John Newman, Kent: North East and East, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1969, p, 440. For a less dismissive article, which also informs us that Sheerness had six cinemas in 1937, see Paul Smith, “A Picture Palace in Miniature: Recreating Sheerness’s Lost Art Deco Gem”, Art Deco Society, 30 Jan 1920. https://artdecosociety.uk/2020/01/30/a-picture-palace-in-miniature-recreating-sheernesss-lost-art-deco-gem/. For the cinema as it was in the late Eighties, see https://player.bfi.org.uk/free/film/watch-an-art-deco-cinema-in-sheerness-1988-online
2. John Newman, Kent: North East and East, 1968, p. 439
3. Raddatz had edited Tucholsky’s collected works and Johnson joked that it would be annoying to stumble unawares upon a Kentish mountain range named after Tucholsky without knowing more about his visit. See his letter to Raddatz, 2 March 1976, in Erdmut Wizisla (ed.), “Liebes Fritzchen” Lieber Groß-Uwe”. Uwe Johnson — Fritz J. Raddatz, Der Briefwechsel, Frankfurt” Suhrkamp, 2006, p. 202 (see also pp. 204 & 208)
4. “Sheppey — St Henry and St Elizabeth”, Taking Stock: Catholic Churches of England & Wales, www.taking-stock.org.uk
5. Quoted in “Tipperary at the Crystal Palace”, Cork Examiner, 3 September 1860, p. 4
6. “Militia Riot at Sheerness”, Lloyd’s Weekly Newspaper, 17 October 1858, p. 2
7. “Irish Militia Riots”, Yorkshire Gazette, 16 October 1858, p. 11
8. “The Constitutional Force at Sheerness”, Chester Chronicle, 23 October 1858, p. 2
9. “The Late Disturbances at Sheerness”, Dublin Evening Mail, 5 November 1858, p. 4
10. Cork Examiner, 18 October 1858, p. 2
11. Cork Examiner, 3 November, 1858, p. 2
12. “The North-Cork Rifles”, letter to The Times, reprinted in Freeman’s Journal, 10 November 1858, p. 3
13. “Sheerness-on-Sea”, Whitstable Times and Herne Bay Herald, 15 July 1882, p. 3
14. Newman, Kent North East and East, 1969, p. 440.
15. “Opening of a New Working Men’s Club at Sheerness”, East Kent Gazette, 15 July 1882, p. 8
16. Naval & Military Gazette and Weekly Chronicle of United Service, 23 February 1881, p. 8
17. Sheerness Guardian and East Kent Advertiser, 23 January 1858
18. Sheerness Guardian, 3 January 1863
19. “The Royal Dockyards”, p. 359
20. Autobiography, p. 163
21. “Sheerness”, South Eastern Gazette, 12 July 1833, p. 4
22. Commander Adolphus Slade, A Few Words on Naval Construction and Naval Promotion, London: Saunders and Otley, 1846, p. 3
23. Captain Sir Adolphus Slade, Maritime States and Military Navies, London: Ridgeway, 1859
24. “Dockyard Economy”, Spectator, 12 November 1859, p. 12
25. J.M. Haas, A Management Odyssey: The Royal Dockyards, 1714–1914, Lanham, New York & London: University Press of America, 1994, p.100
26. Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Enquire into the Control and Management of Her Majesty’s Naval Yards, together with the Minutes of Evidence and Appendix, London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1861, p. vi
27. “Sheerness Dockyard — Question”, HC Deb 19 June 1865 vol. 180 c 469
28. Rear-Admiral S. K. Hall, C.B., speaking to a committee of the “principal” inhabitants of Sheerness on his retirement, Sheerness Times, 10 April 1869, p. 5
29. A Management Odyssey, p. 104
30. A.W. Marks (of 14 Edward Street, Sheerness), “Letter to the Editor”, Evening Standard, September 15, 1869, p. 3
31. “Shall Sheerness Dockyard be Abolished?” Sheerness Times and General Advertiser, 18 April 1868, p. 4
32. “Sheerness”, Whitstable Times and Herne Bay Herald, 26 March 1870, p. 3. The ongoing dismissals had already lead the Manchester Evening News to declare “it is further deemed probable that that establishment will eventually be closed altogether”, 17 February 1870
33. “Is the Sheerness Dockyard to be Maintained?”, Sheerness Times and General Advertiser, 11 July 1868, p. 1
34. Rear-Admiral S. K. Hall, C.B., Sheerness Times, 10 April 1869, p. 5
35. “A Good Word for Sheerness”, Sheerness Times, 16 August 1873, p. 4
36. Ibid.
37. Whitstable Times & Herne Bay Herald, 13 September 1873
38. “Sheerness-on-Sea”, Sheerness Times, 25 October 1873, p. 5
39. “A Good Word for Sheerness”
40. Whitstable Times & Herne Bay Herald, 22 July 1876
41. Whitstable Times & Herne Bay Herald, 10 July 1876
42. “The Swimming Bath”, Sheerness Times and General Advertiser, 7 November 1874
43. Whitstable Times & Herne Bay Herald, 11 December 1875
18. “Black Tuesday”: The Day the World Ended
1. Defence: Outline of Future Policy, 3rd draft, Presented by the Minister of Defence to Parliament by Command of Her Majesty, March 1957, London: HMSO, 1957, p. 11
2. “Royal Dockyards, Naval Air Establishments and Home Commands”, HC Deb 18 February 1958 vol 582 cc1043 HL Deb 18 February 1958, vol. 227 cc775
3. “Changes in Royal Naval Establishments, HL Deb 18 February 1958, vol. 207 cc775
4. “Navy Leaving Medway Towns”, Birmingham Evening Post, 19 February 1958, p. 25
5. The full record of Shinwell’s question is given as follows: “Is the hon. Gentleman aware that while we shall always applaud any effort on the part of Her Majesty’s Government to reduce expenditure — which, by the way, is consistent with the policy of the Labour Party — we do not believe the Government have gone far enough and we shall welcome further steps in this desirable direction? Will he say whether, in promoting this new scheme of reduction in personnel and the like, the Government have taken appropriate measures to ensure that the men being displaced in various parts of the United Kingdom will be absorbed in other occupations?” HC Deb 18 February 1958 vol 582 cc1047
6. “Nothing Done for New Workless Yet”, Sheerness Times Guardian, 21 February 1958, p. 1
7. Sheerness Times Guardian, 28 Feb 1960, p. 7
8. “Kent Labour Agent Loses Vote”, Kent & Sussex Courier, Friday 7 September 1923, p. 3
9. “The Strikers’ March Yesterday”, Dover Express, 7 May 1926, p. 4
10. “Farmworkers Meeting at East Langdon”, Dover Express, 7 June 1935, p. 13
11. “The Habituals”, Hartlepool Mail, 2 April 1947, p. 1
12. “Protest Meeting Demands Retention of Sheerness Yard”, Sheerness Times Guardian, 28 February, 1958, p. 3
13. “Miss Pat does her own Food Snoop”, Daily Herald, 10 March 1954, p. 3
14. “Dockland Jeers a Woman Tory”, Daily Herald, 24 February 1958, p. 5
15. “Mrs Olsen Angers Island”, Sheerness Times Guardian, 28 February 1958, p. 3
16. “18 Hats”, Birmingham Daily Post, 16 June 1964, p. 17
17. HC Deb 24 February 1958, vol. 583 c. 104.
18. Uwe Johnson, letter to Siegfried Unseld, 7 August 1976, Uwe Johnson — Siegfried Unseld Der Briefweschsel, p. 894
19. First Moves on the Afterlife: The Modernist Chair Comes to Sheerness
1. Uwe Johnson, “Welcome Back”, letter to Lore and Joachim Menzhausen, 2 September 1978, Inselgeschichten, pp. 104–5
2. “Blue Town is Not Dead”, Sheerness Times Guardian, 29 April 29 1960, p. 2
3. “Town is Lifeless…”, Sheerness Times Guardian, 8 January 1960, p. 5
4. “Engineering Firm to Buy Dockyard”, Belfast Telegraph, 26 June 1959, p. 1
5. “Mr Jack Cotton on Year of Great activity”, Birmingham Daily Post, 27 October 1960, p. 27
6. “Mr Cotton’s Interest in Sheerness”, Birmingham Daily Post, 5 August 1961, p. 27
7. “Industrial Gamble Pays Off”, East Kent Gazette, 28 April 1961, p. 11
8. “Development Plan Change for Island”, Sheerness Times Guardian, 12 February 1960, p. 1
9. “New Industrialists Say ‘Town has everything we have been seeking”, Sheerness Times Guardian, April 22, 1960, p. 5
10. “Hundreds Will Get Jobs in Pye’s Big Dockyard Factory”, Sheerness Times Guardian, 15 January 1960, p. 1
11. Sheerness Times Gurdian, 14 July 1961, p. 5.
12. “Angry Yard Industrialist Gets Reply from Premier”, Sheerness Times Guardian, 20 January 1961, p. 3
13. John Nurden, “The Revolutionary Car that Never Was”, Kent Evening Post, 9 February 1982, p. 6
14. http://www.lathes.co.uk/murad/page3.html
15. http://www.lathes.co.uk/murad/index.html
16. Bel Austin, “Dream Machine Lies Rusting While Inventor Battles in the Courts”, Sheerness Times Guardian, 23 March 1984, p. 5
17. http://www.lathes.co.uk/murad/page5.html. Composed in 1889, “The Red Flag” was sung in the House of Commons on 1 August 1945, but it is possible that Murad was also remembering the performance of 27 May 1976, when Labour MPs repeated the song, causing Michael Heseltine, then widely known as “Tarzan”, to swing the mace over his head.
18. “He Coined Island’s Publicity Slogan”, Sheerness Times Guardian, 13 January 1961, p. 3
19. Email Mark Beswick, Archive Infomation Officer, Met Office National Meteorological Archive, Exeter, 13 October 2015
20. “Cigarette Sales Dropped”, Sheerness Times Guardian, 23 March, 1962, p. 2
21. “New Year Prospects Good for More Island Industry”, Sheerness Times Guardian, 5 Jan, 1962, p. 1
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