by H. W. Brands
“I think I am a Whig”: Lincoln to Speed, Aug. 24, 1855, in Collected Works, 2:320–23.
“At Springfield we were energetic”: Herndon’s Lincoln, 2:380.
Chapter 10
“A battle is to be fought”: Henry Ward Beecher, Defence of Kansas (1856), 1–6.
“What!” the friend replied: Life and Letters of Harriet Beecher Stowe, ed. Annie Fields (1897), 163–65.
“So this is the little lady”: Donald, Lincoln, 542.
“crime against Kansas”: The Crime Against Kansas: Speech of Hon. Charles Sumner in the Senate of the United States, 19th and 20th May, 1856 (1856), 5–14, 85–86.
“That damn fool”: David Herbert Donald, Charles Sumner and the Coming of the Civil War (1960), 239.
Chapter 11
“About three or four weeks ago”: John Brown to Mary Brown and children, Dec. 16, 1855, in Life and Letters, 217–20.
“The weather continues”: John Brown to Mary Brown and children, Feb. 1 and 6, 1856, in Life and Letters, 222–23.
“Camps were formed”: Thomas Goodrich, War to the Knife: Bleeding Kansas, 1854–1861 (2004 ed.), 112.
“Boys, this day”: Ibid., 114–15.
“We here have passed”: John Brown to Mary Brown and children, June 1856, in Life and Letters, 236–37.
Chapter 12
“A number of United States soldiers”: Brown to Giddings, Feb. 20, 1856, in Villard, John Brown, 131.
“You need have no fear”: Giddings to Brown, March 17, 1856, in Villard, John Brown, 132.
“We utterly repudiate”: Villard, John Brown, 135.
“My father, in order to ascertain”: Salmon Brown to William Connelly, May 28, 1913, in “ ‘His Soul Goes Marching On’: The Life and Legacy of John Brown,” West Virginia Archives and History, wvculture.org. This collection will be cited as West Virginia Archives.
“Williams knew everybody”: Ibid.
“Caution! Caution, sir!”: Villard, John Brown, 153–54.
“The reason for taking the night”: Salmon Brown to William Connelly, May 28, 1913.
“We were all in bed”: Mahala Doyle affidavit, June 7, 1856, West Virginia Archives.
“The three Doyles”: Salmon Brown to William Connelly, May 28, 1913.
“The next morning was Sunday”: John Doyle affidavit, June 7, 1856, West Virginia Archives.
“We were disturbed”: Louisa Jane Wilkinson affidavit, June 13, 1856, West Virginia Archives.
“We were aroused”: James Harris affidavit, June 6, 1856, West Virginia Archives.
Chapter 13
“A man rode up”: Jason Brown letter in Lawrence (Kans.) Journal, Feb. 8, 1880, West Virginia Archives.
“No one can defend”: John Sedgwick to his sister, June 11, 1856, in Correspondence of John Sedgwick, Major-General (1903), 2:8–9.
“An outrage of the darkest”: Villard, John Brown, 168.
“Brother Jason and I”: John Brown Jr. to Cleveland Leader, Nov. 29, 1883, West Virginia Archives.
“WAR! WAR!”: Villard, John Brown, 189.
“a state of civil war”: DeBow’s Review, Aug. 1856.
“We started about 4 o’clock”: “Owen Brown’s Account of the Fight at Black Jack, Kan.,” Springfield Republican, Jan. 14, 1889, West Virginia Archives.
Chapter 14
“He exhibited at all times”: August Bondi, “With John Brown in Kansas,” Transactions of the Kansas State Historical Society 8 (1904): 282–83.
“Suddenly, thirty paces before me”: James Redpath, The Public Life of Captain John Brown (1860), 83–85.
“During the day he stayed”: W. A. Phillips, “Three Interviews with Old John Brown,” Atlantic Monthly, Dec. 1879, 739–41.
“We severally pledge”: Life and Letters, 287–88.
“Men, come on!”: Villard, John Brown, 243–48.
PART II · SPRINGFIELD
Chapter 15
“I understand you are”: Lincoln to John Bennett, Aug. 4, 1856, in Collected Works, 2:358.
“The question of slavery”: Lincoln speech at Kalamazoo, Aug. 27, 1856, in Collected Works, 2:361–66.
“All this talk”: Lincoln speech at Galena, Ill., July 23, 1856, in Collected Works, 2:355.
“All of us who did not vote”: Lincoln speech at Chicago, Dec. 10, 1856, in Collected Works, 2:385.
“Having devoted the most”: Lincoln to C. D. Gilfillan, May 9, 1857, in Collected Works, 2:395.
“too old, when they became”: Timothy S. Huebner, “Roger B. Taney and the Slavery Issue: Looking Beyond—and Before—Dred Scott,” Journal of American History 97, no. 1 (June 2010): 20–25.
“I never speak upon political issues”: Taney quoted in Don E. Fehrenbacher, The Dred Scott Case: Its Significance in American Law and Politics (1978), 552, 557–58.
“Lovely and comely”: Walker Lewis, Without Fear or Favor: A Biography of Chief Justice Roger Brooke Taney (1965), 380.
“Times now are not”: Austin Allen, Origins of the Dred Scott Case: Jacksonian Jurisprudence and the Supreme Court, 1837–1856 (2006), 146.
“They had for more than a century”: Taney in Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393 (1856).
“positive good”: John Calhoun speech in Senate, Feb. 6, 1837, in The Works of John C. Calhoun (1864), 2:631.
“The rights of property”: Taney in Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393 (1856).
Chapter 16
“The Congress, the Executive”: Jackson veto message, July 10, 1832, in Papers of the Presidents, American Presidency Project, presidency.ucsb.edu. This collection will be cited as Papers of the Presidents.
“It would be interesting”: Lincoln speech at Springfield, June 26, 1857, in Collected Works, 2:398–410.
Chapter 17
“I desire to know”: J. N. Holloway, History of Kansas (1868), 399.
“The Lecompton constitution”: Douglas to John W. Forney et al., Feb. 6, 1858, in Letters of Douglas, 408–10.
“By God, sir”: Johannsen, Stephen A. Douglas, 585–86.
“What think you”: Lincoln to Trumbull, Nov. 30, 1857, in Collected Works, 2:427.
“He wrote on stray envelopes”: Herndon’s Lincoln, 2:396–97n.
“If we could first know”: Lincoln speech at Springfield, June 16, 1858, in Collected Works, 2:461–69.
Chapter 18
“John, isn’t it dreadful”: Villard, John Brown, 270n.
“ ‘Old Brown’ of Kansas”: Ibid., 271.
“A man of rare common-sense”: Henry David Thoreau, “A Plea for Captain John Brown,” Oct. 30, 1859, gutenberg.org.
“He used to take out”: Life and Letters, 512.
“Captain John Brown, the old partisan”: William Lawrence, Life of Amos A. Lawrence, with Extracts from His Diary and Correspondence (1888), 124–28.
“If you get the arms and money”: Villard, John Brown, 275.
“Old Brown’s Farewell”: Ibid., 288.
Chapter 19
“It is true”: Herndon’s Lincoln, 2:398–400.
“I had thought”: Burlingame MS., 1:12:1297.
“I have never professed”: Lincoln fragment, ca. July 1858, in Collected Works, 2:482.
“I clearly see”: Lincoln fragment, ca. Aug. 21, 1858, in Collected Works, 2:548–49.
“I am much flattered”: Lincoln to John L. Scripps, June 23, 1858, in Collected Works, 2:471.
“Will it be agreeable”: Lincoln to Douglas, July 24, 1858, in Collected Works, 2:522.
“Recent events have interposed”: Douglas to Lincoln, July 24, 1858, in Papers of Douglas, 423–24.
“I can only say”: Lincoln to Douglas, July 29, 1858, in Collected Works, 2:528–30.
Chapter 20<
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“Prior to 1854 this country”: “First Joint Debate, at Ottawa: Mr. Douglas’s Speech,” in Political Debates Between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas (1897), at bartleby.com. This collection will be cited as Political Debates.
Chapter 21
“When a man hears himself”: “First Joint Debate, at Ottawa: Mr. Lincoln’s Reply,” in Political Debates.
Chapter 22
“All at once, after the train”: Reminiscences of Carl Schurz, 2:89–96.
Chapter 23
“I desire to know”: “Second Joint Debate, at Freeport: Mr. Lincoln’s Speech,” in Political Debates.
“a hundred times”: “Second Joint Debate, at Freeport: Mr. Douglas’s Speech,” in Political Debates.
“There was, in no sense”: Smith D. Atkins, “Patriotism of Northern Illinois,” Transactions of the Illinois State Historical Society (1911): 80.
Southern newspapers blasted the Freeport formula: Burlingame MS., 1:13:1396.
“The fight must go on”: Lincoln to Henry Asbury, Nov. 19, 1858, in Collected Works, 3:339.
PART III · HARPERS FERRY
Chapter 24
“It seems as though”: Villard, John Brown, 290–91.
“He was exhibiting”: Charles Blair testimony, West Virginia Archives.
“One of U.S. Hounds”: Villard, John Brown, 287.
“I am much confused”: Brown to Mary Brown et al., May 27, 1857, in Life and Letters, 410–11.
“I am (praised be God!)”: Brown to wife and children, Jan. 30, 1858, in Life and Letters, 440–41.
“Dear father, you have asked”: Ruth Thompson to Brown, Feb. 20, 1858, in Life and Letters, 441–42.
“I am here with our good friends”: F. B. Sanborn, Recollections of Seventy Years (1909), 144–47.
“My dear Friend”: Brown to Sanborn, Feb. 24, 1858, in Life and Letters, 444–45.
Chapter 25
“I had been a protégé”: Richard Realf testimony, Jan. 21, 1860, in Report of the Select Committee of the Senate Appointed to Inquire into the Late Invasion and Seizure of the Public Property at Harper’s Ferry (1860), Testimony: 90–98. This report will be cited as Mason Report, for its chairman, James Mason.
“Whereas slavery, throughout its entire”: “Provisional Constitution and Ordinances for the People of the United States,” in Mason Report, 48–59.
Chapter 26
“I have great faith”: Smith to Sanborn, July 26, 1858, in Life and Letters, 466.
“We were at supper”: Sanborn, Life and Letters, 471.
“It seems to me”: Smith to Sanborn, May 7, 1858, in Life and Letters, 458.
“Have been down with the ague”: Brown to Sanborn, Aug. 6, 1858, in Life and Letters, 476.
“I am still very weak”: Brown to wife and children, Sept. 13, 1858, in Life and Letters, 478.
“My health is some improved”: Brown to children, Dec. 2, 1858, in Life and Letters, 480–81.
“Two small companies”: “John Brown’s Parallels,” Jan. 1859, in Life and Letters, 481–82.
“A short distance from our road”: Life and Letters, 486–87.
“I am once more in Iowa”: Brown to wife and children, Feb. 10, 1859, in Life and Letters, 490.
“While we sympathize”: Villard, John Brown, 385.
“1st. Whole party”: “Reception of Brown and Party at Grinnell, Iowa,” in Villard, John Brown, 387.
“My friend, you talk very brave”: Life and Letters, 490–91.
“We might be held”: Villard, John Brown, 390.
Chapter 27
“He tells his story”: Alcott diary, May 8, 1859, in Life and Letters, 504–5.
“From the time of my visit”: Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, 274–79.
Chapter 28
“I have been on expenses”: Lincoln to Norman Judd, Nov. 16, 1858, in Collected Works, 3:337.
“No man knows”: Burlingame MS., 1:14:1523.
“It is bad to be poor”: Lincoln to Hawkins Taylor, Sept. 6, 1859, in Collected Works, 3:400.
“Douglas has gone South”: Lincoln to Trumbull, Dec. 11, 1858, in Collected Works, 3:344–45.
“You must not let”: Lincoln to Chase, Sept. 21, 1859, in Collected Works, 3:471.
“Besides a strong desire”: Lincoln to Colfax, July 6, 1859, in Collected Works, 3:390–91.
“Please pardon the liberty”: Lincoln to Chase, June 9, 1859, in Collected Works, 3:384.
“Of course I would be pleased”: Lincoln to Sargent, June 23, 1859, in Collected Works, 3:387–88.
“Never forget that we”: Lincoln speech, March 1, 1859, in Collected Works, 3:369–70.
“This will never do”: Recollected Words of Abraham Lincoln, comp. and ed. Don E. Fehrenbacher and Virginia Fehrenbacher (1996), 204.
“Slavery is wrong”: Lincoln speech at Cincinnati, Sept. 17, 1859, in Collected Works, 3:440, 460.
“I hold that if there is”: Lincoln speech at Cincinnati, Sept. 17, 1859, in Abraham Lincoln: Speeches and Writings, 1859–1865 (1989), 85–86.
“How would you feel”: Burlingame MS., 1:14:1550.
“Just think of such a sucker”: Ibid., 1523–24.
Chapter 29
“Good morning, gentlemen”: John Unseld testimony, in Mason Report: Testimony, 1–4.
“To a passer-by, the house”: Osborne P. Anderson, A Voice from Harpers Ferry (1861), 24–31.
“I heard the noise”: Daniel Whelan testimony, in Mason Report: Testimony, 21–22.
“They appeared at my chamber”: Lewis Washington testimony, in Mason Report: Testimony, 29–35.
“Col. Washington opened”: Anderson, Voice from Harpers Ferry, 34–37.
“About half past one o’clock”: John Starry testimony, in Mason Report: Testimony, 23–25.
Chapter 30
“Express train bound east”: Phelps to W. P. Smith, Oct. 17, 1859, in Correspondence Relating to the Insurgency at Harpers Ferry (1860), 5.
“Your dispatch is evidently”: Smith to Phelps, Oct. 17, 1859, in Correspondence Relating to the Insurgency at Harpers Ferry, 5–6.
“My dispatch was not exaggerated”: Phelps to Smith, Oct. 17, 1859, in Correspondence Relating to the Insurgency at Harpers Ferry, 6.
“Matter is probably much exaggerated”: Smith to J. B. Ford, Oct. 17, 1859, in Correspondence Relating to the Insurgency at Harpers Ferry, 7.
“Daylight revealed”: Anderson, Voice from Harpers Ferry, 36–37.
“Information has been received”: “To the Baltimore Newspaper Press,” Oct. 17, 1859, in Correspondence Relating to the Insurrection at Harpers Ferry, 5.
“It was about twelve o’clock”: Anderson, Voice from Harpers Ferry, 39–42.
“I said to them”: John Starry testimony, in Mason Report: Testimony, 27.
“We then caught hold of him”: Hunter testimony, in The Life, Trial and Execution of Capt. John Brown (1859), 76.
“In consideration of all my men”: Governor’s Message and Reports of the Public Officers of the State…of Virginia (1859), 65.
“In the quiet of the night”: Villard, John Brown, 448.
“The United States armory”: John Garrett to James Buchanan, Oct. 17, 1859, in Correspondence Relating to the Insurrection at Harpers Ferry, 9.
“Their safety was the subject”: Lee report, Oct. 19, 1859, in Mason Report: Appendix, 41–44.
“I approached the door”: John S. Mosby, “Personal Recollections of General J. E. B. Stuart,” Munsey’s Magazine, April 1913, 36.
“My object was”: Lee report, Oct. 19, 1859, in Mason Report: Appendix, 41.
“Colonel Lee gave me orders”: Israel Green, “The Capture of John Brown,” North American Revie
w, Dec. 1885, 564–69.
Chapter 31
“Insurrectionary Outbreak”: Richmond Daily Dispatch, Oct. 18, 1859.
“Fearful and Exciting Intelligence”: New York Herald, Oct. 18, 1859.
“Who is Brown”: New York Herald, Oct. 19, 1859.
“misguided, wild and apparently insane”: William Lloyd Garrison: The Story of His Life as Told by His Children, 3:486.
“We are damnably exercised”: Charles Ray to Lincoln, Oct. 20, 1859, Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress.
“a higher law”: William Seward speech in the Senate, March 11, 1850, in Speech of William H. Seward on the Admission of California (1850), 27–28.
“He has forgotten”: Burlingame MS., 1:14:1567.
“Since the humbug insurrection”: William Frazer to Lincoln, Nov. 12, 1859, Lincoln Papers.
“John Brown has shown”: Lincoln remarks at Elwood, Kans., Nov. 30 or Dec. 1, 1859, in Collected Works, 3:495–97.
Chapter 32
“Are you Captain Brown”: Life, Trial and Execution of John Brown, 35–36.
“I immediately examined the leader”: Barton H. Wise, The Life of Henry A. Wise of Virginia, 1806–1876 (1899), 245–47.