by Thomas Penn
30 CPR 1476–1485, pp. 465–6; Collier, Household Books of John duke of Norfolk, p. 465; Crawford, Yorkist Lord, pp. 121–2; Hanham, The Celys and their World, pp. 287–8; Horrox, Richard III, ch. 3 passim.
31 Stonor Letters and Papers, II, p. 163.
32 Horrox, Richard III, pp. 155, 158–9, 161–2, 167–8.
33 Horrox, Richard III, p. 300.
34 Plumpton Letters and Papers, pp. 60–1; Plumpton Correspondence, pp. 44–5.
35 Three Books … Vergil, p. 199; Horrox, Richard III, pp. 163–4.
36 Foedera, XII, pp. 204–5.
37 Three Books … Vergil, p. 199.
38 CC, pp. 164–5; Three Books … Vergil, p. 201; Griffiths and Thomas, Making of the Tudor Dynasty, pp. 108–11.
39 GC, pp. 234–5; CC, pp. 164–5; Horrox, Richard III, pp. 156–7.
40 Three Books … Vergil, p. 202; Griffiths and Thomas, Making of the Tudor Dynasty, pp. 112–13.
41 Arthurson and Kingswell, ‘The proclamation of Henry Tudor’, pp. 100–6.
42 Griffiths and Thomas, Making of the Tudor Dynasty, p. 115.
43 In what follows I draw on Horrox, Richard III, ch. 4 passim.
44 British Library Harleian MS 433, II, p. 76; CC, pp. 170–1; Horrox, Richard III, pp. 186–7.
45 Cely Letters, no. 201; GC, p. 235; Edwards, Itinerary, p. 10; Ross, Richard III, pp. 119–20.
46 Sutton, ‘Richard III, the City of London and Southwark’, passim; Horrox, Richard III, p. 313 and n. 184; Harper, ‘London and the Crown’, pp. 61–2.
47 Three Books … Vergil, p. 203.
48 Pollard, Richard III and the Princes in the Tower, p. 122.
49 TNA E159/260, various membranes.
50 PROME, XV, 1484 January, Introduction, pp. 2–3; Nichols, Grants &c., p. lxi.
51 Helmholz, ‘The sons of Edward IV’, passim.
52 PROME, XV, 1484 January, item 1 [5], pp. 13–18.
53 PROME, XV, 1484 January, items 18 [22], pp. 58–9; 26 [30], 27 [31], 28 [32], 29 [33], 30 [34], 31 [35], pp. 66–78.
54 CC, pp. 170–71; PROME, XV, 1484 January, 3 [7], pp. 23–4; Helmholz, ‘The sons of Edward IV’, pp. 115–18.
55 CPR 1476–1485, pp. 402, 426, 465; Davies, ‘Richard III, Brittany and Henry Tudor’, p. 114.
56 PROME, XV, 1484 January, item 6, pp. 36–7; TNA PSO/1/57/2935.
57 British Library Harleian MS 433, III, p. 190; Three Books … Vergil, p. 210; Sutton and Hammond, Richard III: The Road to Bosworth Field, pp. 165–6; Horrox, Richard III, pp. 278–9.
58 CC, pp. 170–1; PROME, XV, 1484 January, Introduction, p. 5, item 1 [5], p. 17.
20. The Castle of Care
1 Edwards, Itinerary, pp. 15–16.
2 Hughes, ‘“True ornaments …”’, pp. 134–5; British Library Harleian MS 433, III, pp. 59–61, 63–6; Sutton and Hammond, Richard III: The Road to Bosworth Field, pp. 169–70; Willis and Clark, Architectural History of the University of Cambridge, I, p. 472.
3 CC, p. 171.
4 Mancini, Usurpation, Appendix, pp. 136–8.
5 Mancini, Usurpation, p. 137 and n. 2. My adapted translation.
6 Sutton, ‘Curious searcher’, p. 72; Sutton and Visser-Fuchs, Richard III’s Books, pp. 1–2.
7 British Library Harleian MS 433, II, p. 92; Cely Letters, no. 214; Hanham, The Celys and their World, p. 292; Davies, ‘Richard III, Brittany and Henry Tudor’, pp. 114–15; Ross, Richard III, p. 197.
8 Hanham, The Celys and their World, pp. 297–9; Horrox, Richard III, pp. 308–9.
9 Griffiths and Thomas, Making of the Tudor Dynasty, pp. 116–17, 122; Horrox, Richard III, pp. 298–9.
10 CPR 1476–1485, pp. 397–401.
11 Davies, ‘Richard III, Brittany and Henry Tudor’, p. 114; Grant, ‘Richard III and Scotland’, pp. 124, 135–6; Ross, Richard III, p. 199
12 GC, p. 236; Pollard, North-Eastern England, pp. 357–8; Horrox, Richard III, p. 276.
13 Horrox, Richard III, p. 330.
14 TNA KB 9/952/3, 9; C81/1531/58; CPR 1476–1485, pp. 519–20, cit. Horrox, Richard III, p. 276.
15 British Library Harleian MS 433, III, pp. 107–8, 114–15; Horrox, Richard III, pp. 214–19; Pollard, North-Eastern England, pp. 358–60; Ross, Richard III, pp. 168–9, 181–4.
16 TNA E404/78/2/27, 28; E404/78/3/43 (I am grateful to Sean Cunningham for these references); CPR 1476–1485, pp. 493–4; LMA Journal 9, f. 56; Harper, ‘London and the Crown’, p. 60; Davies, ‘Richard III, Brittany and Henry Tudor’, p. 115.
17 Rons, Historia Regum Angliae, p. 123; Hughes, Religious Life of Richard III, p. 103; Lovatt, ‘A collector of apocryphal anecdotes’, pp. 172–97; McKenna, ‘Piety and propaganda’, pp. 72–88.
18 Davies, ‘Richard III, Brittany and Henry Tudor’, pp. 116–17; Grant, ‘Foreign affairs under Richard III’, p. 125.
19 Griffiths and Thomas, Making of the Tudor Dynasty, pp. 123–4.
20 Three Books … Vergil, pp. 206–8; Gunn, Henry VII’s New Men, p. 12.
21 Grant, ‘Richard III and Scotland’, pp. 137–45 and Appendix 4, pp. 193–200, ‘Archibald Whitelaw’s address to King Richard III’.
22 British Library Harleian MS 433, II, p. 175, III, pp. 116–20; Wolffe, Crown Lands, p. 63; Horrox, Richard III, p. 302.
23 British Library Harleian MS 433, III, pp. 108, 111; Horrox, Richard III, p. 332.
24 TNA PSO 1/58/2963, 2984; TNA C81/1392/15; British Library Harleian MS 433, I, p. 216; II, p. 260.
25 More, History of King Richard III, pp. 30–1; cf. Rosser, Medieval Westminster, p. 219.
26 TNA PSO 1/58/2963.
27 TNA C81/1392/17; British Library Harleian MS 433, II, pp. 164–5; Horrox, Richard III, pp. 277.
28 TNA PSO 1/58/3000.
29 TNA PSO 1/59/3009; TNA E159/262 recorda, m. 11–11d (I am grateful to Sean Cunningham for this reference).
30 Three Books … Vergil, p. 212.
31 TNA C81/1392/19; TNA C67/53, m. 6; Three Books … Vergil, pp. 208–9; Horrox, Richard III, pp. 278–9; Griffiths and Thomas, Making of the Tudor Dynasty, pp. 122–4; Ross, Foremost Man, pp. 82–3.
32 TNA KB9/953/2, 15, 17–18, cit. Horrox, Richard III, p. 278; Davies, ‘Bishop John Morton’, pp. 5–9.
33 CFR 1471–1485, pp. 276–7; Ross, Richard III, p. 120; Pollard, North-Eastern England, p. 348.
34 Horrox, ‘Henry Tudor’s letters’, pp. 155–8; Griffiths and Thomas, Making of the Tudor Dynasty, p. 134.
35 British Library Harleian MS 433, III, pp. 124–8.
36 GC, p. 235.
37 GC, p. 236; British Library Harleian MS 433, II, p. 182.
38 TNA KB 9/951/28, cit. Horrox, Richard III, p. 297.
39 Three Books … Vergil, p. 205.
40 Lambeth Palace MS 474; Sutton and Visser-Fuchs, Richard III’s Books, p. 50; Sutton and Visser-Fuchs, eds., The Hours of Richard III, pp. 7–38.
41 Sutton and Visser-Fuchs, eds., The Hours of Richard III, pp. 68–9, 72, 77–8.
42 Appleby et al., ‘Multi-isotope analysis’, pp. 238–53.
43 CC, pp. 174–5.
44 TNA C244/136/130, 132; CPR 1476–1485, pp. 511, 543; Three Books … Vergil, pp. 210, 213–14; Horrox, Richard III, pp. 293–4.
45 Ross, Richard III, p. 178 and n. 36.
46 Horrox, Richard III, p. 306.
47 Nichols, Grants &c., p. xl; Horrox, Richard III, pp. 330–1.
48 British Library Harleian MS 433, III, p. 139.
49 CC, pp. 174–5; data from http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsearch/SEsearchmap.php?Ecl=14850316.
50 Three Books … Vergil, p. 211; CC, pp. 174–5; Buck, The History of King Richard the Third, pp. 190–1.
51 CC, pp. 174–5; Horrox, Richard III, pp. 295–6.
52 CC, pp. 174–7; Horrox, Richard III, pp. 296–7, 316–17.
53 Halliwell, Letters, I, p. 159; Acts of Court of the Mercers, pp. 173–4; CC, pp. 174–7.
54 GC, p. 237; Horrox, Richard III, pp. 297–9; Harper, ‘London and the Crown’, pp. 66–
9.
55 Langland, Piers Plowman, passus I, pp. 61–9; Sutton and Visser-Fuchs, Richard III’s Books, pp. 274–5.
56 Edwards, Itinerary, p. 37; Bennett, The Battle of Bosworth, p. 70.
57 British Library Harleian MS 433, I, pp. 173, 186, 203, 271; Griffiths and Thomas, Making of the Tudor Dynasty, p. 141; Ross, Richard III, pp. 208–9.
58 Antonovics, ‘Henry VII, king of England’, passim.
59 Davies, ‘Richard III, Brittany and Henry Tudor’, pp. 119–20; Ross, Richard III, p. 203.
60 British Library Harleian MS 433, II, pp. 228–9; CCR 1457; Sutton and Hammond, Richard III: Road to Bosworth Field, p. 208.
61 CC, pp. 176–7; Davies, ‘Richard III, Brittany and Henry Tudor’, p. 120.
62 Ross, Richard III, p. 207 and refs; Horrox, Richard III, p. 297; Griffiths and Thomas, Making of the Tudor Dynasty, pp. 152–3.
63 CC, pp. 178–9; Jones, ‘Richard III and the Stanleys’, p. 34; Horrox, Richard III, pp. 321–3.
64 CC, pp. 178–9 dates the first outbreak of sweating sickness to before Tudor’s arrival.
65 Blake, Caxton’s Own Prose, p. 109; Blake, ‘Caxton prepares his edition’, p. 206; Weinberg, ‘Caxton, Woodville, and the Prologue to the Morte Darthur’, p. 60.
66 CC, pp. 175–9; HMC 12th Report, Rutland MSS, I, pp. 7–8.
21. A Beginning or End
1 Extracts from the Municipal Records of York, pp. 214–16; HMC 12th Report, Rutland MSS, I, pp. 7–8; Horrox, Richard III, pp. 318–19; Richmond, ‘1485’, pp. 176–7.
2 CC, pp. 178–9; Edwards, Itinerary, p. 39.
3 Griffiths and Thomas, Making of the Tudor Dynasty, pp. 159–66; Guth, ‘Richard III, Henry VII and the City’, passim.
4 Three Books … Vergil, p. 218.
5 Three Books … Vergil, pp. 220–1; ‘Bosworth Field’, ll. 449–52.
6 BL Add. MS 12,060, f. 19v; Warnicke, ‘Sir Ralph Bigod’, pp. 299–303; Bennett, The Battle of Bosworth, Appendix III (e), pp. 140–41.
7 Hall, Chronicle, p. 419.
8 CC, p. 180–1.
9 Three Books … Vergil, pp. 225–6; Entwistle, ‘A Spanish account of the battle of Bosworth’, pp. 34–7; Goodman and Mackay, ‘A Castilian report on English affairs’, pp. 92–9.
10 Jones, Bosworth, p. 194.
11 CC, p. 183.
12 GC, p. 238.
13 CC, pp. 184–5; Three Books … Vergil, p. 226.
14 PROME, XV, 1485 November, item 18 (pp. 133–4); item 8 (pp. 107–8).
15 PROME, XV, 1485 November, Introduction, pp. 84–5; item 5 (p. 97).
16 PROME, XIV, 1485 November, item 9 (p. 112).
Epilogue
1 ‘John Rous’s account of the reign of Richard III’, in Hanham, Richard III and his Early Historians, pp. 120–24.
2 PROME, XV, 1487 November, item 12 (pp. 353–5).
3 Edwards, ‘King Richard’s tomb at Leicester’, passim.
4 Hammond, ‘The illegitimate children of Edward IV’, p. 230; Sutton and Visser-Fuchs, ‘A “most benevolent queen”’, pp. 234–5.
5 Cunningham, Henry VII, p. 79; Laynesmith, Cecily Duchess of York, pp. 170–1.
6 ‘Ballard of Bosworth Field’, l. 274 BL Add MS 45131, ff. 52v–53.
7 William Habington, The historie of Edward the Fourth, cit. Whittle, ‘Historical Reputation of Edward the Fourth’, pp. 277–88.
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