11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, p. 413.
17. Ibid., p. 414.
18. Jean H. Baker, Mary Todd Lincoln: A Biography (New York: W. W. Norton, 1987), p. 239.
19. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, p. 414.
20. Barnes, “With Lincoln from Washington,” p. 523 Photos of Mary Ord show her to be a fairly ordinary-looking middle-aged woman.
21. Baker, Mary Todd Lincoln, p. 239.
22. Adam Badeau, Grant in Peace from Appomattox to Mount McGregor: A Personal Memoir (Hartford, CT: S. S. Scranton, 1887), pp. 359.
23. Ibid., 360.
24. Julia Dent Grant, The Personal Memoirs of Julia Dent Grant (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1975), pp. 146–47.
25. Ibid., p. 147.
26. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, p. 414.
27. Barnes, “With Lincoln from Washington,” p. 524.
28. Jackie Rosenhek, “The First Lady of Lunacy,” Doctor's Review, November 2006, http://www.doctorsreview.com/history/nov06-history_medicine/.
29. Karen Springen, “Hellcat or Helpmate: A Look at Mary Todd Lincoln,” Newsweek, September 18, 2007, http://www.newsweek.com/hellcat-or-helpmate-look-mary-todd-lincoln-100149.
30. Rosenhek, “First Lady of Lunacy.”
31. “Mary Lincoln at Bellevue Palace,” Abraham Lincoln Online, 2018, http://www.abrahamlincolnonline.org/lincoln/sites/bellevue.htm.
32. Barnes, “With Lincoln from Washington,” p. 524.
33. Ibid.
34. Ibid.
35. Ibid.
36. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, p. 416.
37. Ibid.
38. Elisha Hunt Rhodes, All for the Union: The Civil War Diary and Letters of Elisha Hunt Rhodes (New York: Vintage Books, 1991), p. 213.
March 27, 1865, Monday: Aboard the River Queen
1. William Tecumseh Sherman, Memoirs of General William T. Sherman, two vols. in one ed. (New York: Da Capo, 1984), vol. 2, p. 324.
2. Horace Porter, Campaigning with Grant (Secaucus, NJ: Blue and Grey, 1984), pp. 417–18.
3. Ibid., p. 418.
4. Sherman, Memoirs, p. 234.
5. Ibid.
6. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, p. 419.
7. Sherman, Memoirs, p. 325.
8. Ibid.
9. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, p. 420.
10. John S. Barnes, “With Lincoln from Washington to Richmond in 1865: I. The President Sees a Fight and a Review,” Appleton's Magazine 9, no. 5 (May 1907): 524.
11. Ibid.
12. Jean H. Baker, Mary Todd Lincoln: A Biography (New York: W. W. Norton, 1987), p. 240.
13. John S. Barnes, “With Lincoln from Washington to Richmond in 1865: II. The President Enters the Confederate Capital,” Appleton's Magazine 9, no. 6 (June 1907): 743.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. Abraham Lincoln, The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Roy P. Basler, vol. 8 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953), p. 375.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid., p. 376.
19. Ibid.
March 28, 1865, Tuesday: “Let Them All Go”
1. Horace Porter, Campaigning with Grant (Secaucus, NJ: Blue and Grey, 1984), pp. 423.
2. William Tecumseh Sherman, Memoirs of General William T. Sherman, two vols. in one ed. (New York: Da Capo, 1984), vol. 2, p. 325.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid., pp. 325–26.
5. Ibid., p. 329.
6. Ibid., p. 326.
7. Ibid.
8. Details of President Lincoln's conference aboard the River Queen are in Sherman, Memoirs, pp. 325–31.
9. David Herbert Donald, Lincoln (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995), p. 574.
10. Sherman, Memoirs, p. 328.
11. Lloyd Lewis, Sherman: Fighting Prophet (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1932), p. 542.
12. Sherman, Memoirs, p. 328.
13. Carl Sandburg, Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years and the War Years, one vol. ed. (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1954), p. 679.
14. Sherman, Memoirs, p. 332.
15. Elisha Hunt Rhodes, All for the Union: The Civil War Diary and Letters of Elisha Hunt Rhodes (New York: Vintage Books, 1991), p. 215.
March 29, 1865, Wednesday: “Your Success Is My Success”
1. Horace Porter, Campaigning with Grant (Secaucus, NJ: Blue and Grey, 1984), p. 424.
2. Ibid., p. 425.
3. Julia Dent Grant, The Personal Memoirs of Julia Dent Grant (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1975), p. 149.
4. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, pp. 425.
5. Ibid., p. 426.
6. Ibid.
7. Abraham Lincoln, The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Roy P. Basler, vol. 8 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953), pp. 376–77.
8. Ibid., p. 376.
9. Ibid., p. 377.
10. Ibid.
11. Elisha Hunt Rhodes, All for the Union: The Civil War Diaries and Letters of Elisha Hunt Rhodes (New York: Vintage Books, 1991), p. 215.
12. Dent Grant, Personal Memoirs, p. 149.
13. William Crook's account of Smith/Surratt is from Margarita Spalding, comp. and ed., Through Five Administrations: Reminiscences of Colonel William H. Crook, Body-Guard to President Lincoln (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1910), pp. 45–47.
March 30, 1865, Thursday: War Nerves
1. Abraham Lincoln, The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Roy P. Basler, vol. 8 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953), p. 377.
2. Gideon Welles, Diary of Gideon Welles: Secretary of the Navy under Lincoln and Johnson, vol. 2 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1911), p. 269.
3. John Y. Simon, ed., The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, vol. 14 (Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 2005), p. 136.
4. Ibid.
5. Ulysses S. Grant, Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant: Two Volumes in One (New York: Charles L. Webster, 1894), p. 601.
6. Ibid.
7. Horace Porter, Campaigning with Grant (Secaucus, NJ: Blue and Grey, 1984), pp. 427–28.
8. Ibid., p. 428.
9. Ibid., p. 429.
10. Lincoln, Collected Works, p. 377.
11. Ibid., p. 378.
March 31, 1865, Friday: Much Hard Fighting
1. Abraham Lincoln, The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Roy P. Basler, vol. 8 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953), p. 378.
2. Clifford Dowdey, ed., The Wartime Papers of R. E. Lee (Boston: Little, Brown, 1961), p. 922.
3. Lincoln, Collected Works, pp. 378–79.
4. Horace Porter, Campaigning with Grant (Secaucus, NJ: Blue and Grey, 1984), p. 431.
5. Ibid., 431–32.
6. Ibid., p. 433.
6. Lincoln, Collected Works, p. 378.
7. Gideon Welles, Diary of Gideon Welles: Secretary of the Navy under Lincoln and Johnson, vol. 2 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1911), p. 269.
8. Ibid.
April 1, 1865, Saturday: Anxiety at City Point
1. David Herbert Donald, Lincoln (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995), p. 573.
2. Abraham Lincoln, The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Roy P. Basler, vol. 8 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953), p. 381.
3. Doris Kearns Goodwin, Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), p. 715.
4. Ulysses S. Grant, Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant: Two Volumes in One (New York: Charles L. Webster, 1894), p. 605.
5. Lincoln, Collected Works, p. 381.
6. Ibid., p. 380.
7. Horace Porter, Campaigning with Grant (Secaucus, NJ: Blue and Grey, 1984), p. 434.
8. Ibid., p. 439.
9. Ibid., pp. 442–43.
10. Ibid., p. 443.
11. Ibid., p. 444.
12. Ibid., pp. 444–45.
13. Lincoln, Collected
Works, p. 382.
14. Margarita Spalding Gerry, comp. and ed., Through Five Administrations: Reminiscences of Colonel William H. Crook, Body-Guard to President Lincoln (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1910), p. 47.
15. Ibid.
April 2, 1865, Sunday: Messages for General Grant
1. Abraham Lincoln, The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Roy P. Basler, vol. 8 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953), p. 381.
2. Ibid., pp. 382–83.
3. Horace Porter, Campaigning with Grant (Secaucus, NJ: Blue and Grey, 1984), p. 445.
4. Julia Dent Grant, The Personal Memoirs of Julia Dent Grant (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1975), p. 147.
5. Lincoln, Collected Works, p. 383.
6. Ibid., pp. 383–84.
7. Ibid., p. 383.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid., p. 384.
10. Clifford Dowdey, ed., The Wartime Papers of R. E. Lee (Boston: Little, Brown, 1961), p. 925.
11. Ibid., p. 924.
12. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, pp. 447–48.
13. Margarita Spalding Gerry, comp. and ed., Through Five Administrations: Reminiscences of Colonel William H. Crook, Body-Guard to President Lincoln (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1910), pp. 47–48.
14. Ibid., p. 48.
15. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, p. 448.
April 3, 1865, Monday: “Get Them to Plowing Once”
1. Abraham Lincoln, The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Roy P. Basler, vol. 8 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953), p. 384.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid., pp. 384–85.
5. John S. Barnes, “With Lincoln from Washington to Richmond in 1865: II. The President Enters the Confederate Capital,” Appleton's Magazine 9, no. 6 (June 1907): 744.
6. Ibid.
7. Horace Porter, Campaigning with Grant (Secaucus, NJ: Blue and Grey, 1984), p. 449.
8. Ibid., p. 450.
9. Ulysses S. Grant, Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant: Two Volumes in One (New York: Charles L. Webster, 1894), p. 612.
10. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, p. 450.
11. Grant, Personal Memoirs, p. 613.
12. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, p. 451.
13. Grant, Personal Memoirs, p. 609.
14. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, p. 452.
15. Godfrey Weitzel, Richmond Occupied: Entry of the United States Forces into Richmond, Va., April 3, 1865; Calling Together of the Virginia Legislature and Revocation of the Same, ed. Louis H. Manarin (Richmond: Richmond Civil War Centennial Committee, 1965), p. 13.
16. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, p. 452.
17. Elisha Hunt Rhodes, All for the Union: The Civil War Diary and Letters of Elisha Hunt Rhodes (New York: Vintage Books, 1991), p. 219.
18. Gideon Welles, Diary of Gideon Welles: Secretary of the Navy under Lincoln and Johnson, vol. 2 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1911), pp. 272–73.
19. “Grant, Richmond, and Victory! The Union Army in the Rebel Capital,” New York Times, April 4, 1865, p. 1.
20. “Richmond Is Ours. The Old Flag Floats over the Rebel Capital,” Chicago Tribune, April 4, 1865, p. 1.
21. Margarita Spalding Gerry, comp. and ed., Through Five Administrations: Reminiscences of Colonel William H. Crook, Body-Guard to President Lincoln (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1910), pp. 48–49.
22. Ibid., p. 49.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. David Dixon Porter, Incidents and Anecdotes of the Civil War (New York: D. Appleton, 1885), p. 284.
26. Ibid., pp. 284–85.
27. Ibid., p. 285.
28. Barnes, “With Lincoln from Washington,” p. 745.
29. Dixon Porter, Incidents and Anecdotes, p. 285.
30. Lincoln, Collected Works, p. 385.
31. Ibid.
April 4, 1865, Tuesday: The President Visits Richmond
1. Abraham Lincoln, The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Roy P. Basler, vol. 8 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953), p. 385. Also in US War Department, ed., The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1891), series 1, vol. 46, part 3, p. 529.
2. Horace Porter, Campaigning with Grant (Secaucus, NJ: Blue and Grey, 1984), p. 452.
3. Ibid.
4. Elisha Hunt Rhodes, All for the Union: The Civil War Diary and Letters of Elisha Hunt Rhodes (New York: Vintage Books, 1991), p. 219.
5. Margarita Spalding Gerry, comp. and ed., Through Five Administrations: Reminiscences of Colonel William H. Crook, Body-Guard to President Lincoln (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1910), p. 50.
6. John S. Barnes, “With Lincoln from Washington to Richmond in 1865: II. The President Enters the Confederate Capital,” Appleton's Magazine 9, no. 6 (June 1907): 747.
7. Gerry, comp. and ed., Through Five Administrations, p. 50.
8. Ibid., p. 52.
9. Barnes, “With Lincoln from Washington,” p. 747.
10. Gerry, comp. and ed., Through Five Administrations, p. 53.
11. Ibid., p. 52.
12. Ibid., p. 53.
13. Ibid., p. 54.
14. Ibid.
15. Barnes, “With Lincoln from Washington,” p. 748.
16. Gerry, ed., Through Five Administrations, p. 54.
17. Barnes, “With Lincoln from Washington,” p. 748.
18. Ibid., p. 749.
19. Ibid.
20. Thomas Thatcher Graves, “The Occupation,” in Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, ed. Robert Underwood Johnson and Clarence Clough Buel, vol. 4 (New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1956), p. 728.
21. “Details of the Evacuation: The City on Fire,” New York Times, April 8, 1865, p. 1.
22. Gerry, ed., Through Five Administrations, p. 56.
23. John A. Campbell, Reminiscences and Documents Relating to the Civil War during the Year 1865 (Baltimore: John Murphy, 1887), p. 38.
24. David Herbert Donald, Lincoln (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995), p. 577.
25. Campbell, Reminiscences, p. 39.
26. Ibid.
27. Gerry, ed., Through Five Administrations, p. 56.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid., pp. 56–57.
30. David Dixon Porter, Incidents and Anecdotes of the Civil War (New York: D. Appleton, 1885), p. 307.
31. Gerry, ed., Through Five Administrations, p. 57.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.
34. Michael W. Kauffman, American Brutus: John Wilkes Booth and the Lincoln Conspiracies (New York: Random House, 2004), p. 194.
35. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, p. 453.
36. Rhodes, All for the Union, p. 219.
37. Ulysses S. Grant, Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant: Two Volumes in One (New York: Charles L. Webster, 1894), p. 615.
April 5, 1865, Wednesday: Return to City Point
1. Abraham Lincoln, The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Roy P. Basler, vol. 8 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953), p. 386.
2. John A. Campbell, Reminiscences and Documents Relating to the Civil War during the Year 1865 (Baltimore: John Murphy, 1887), p. 39.
3. Campbell, Reminiscences and Documents, pp. 39–40, and Lincoln, Collected Works, pp. 386–87. The terms that President Lincoln proposed are included in the appendix.
4. Lincoln, Collected Works, p. 387. Also in US War Department, ed., The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1891), series 1, vol. 46, part 3, p. 575.
5. Ibid.
6. David Dixon Porter, Incidents and Anecdotes of the Civil War (New York: D. Appleton, 1885), p. 304.
7. Ibid., p. 305.
8. Ibid.
9. Margarita Spalding Gerry, comp. and ed., Through Five Administrations: Reminiscences of Colonel William H. Crook, Body-Guard to President Lincoln (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1910), p
p. 57–58.
10. David Herbert Donald, Lincoln (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995), p. 579.
11. Lincoln, Collected Works, p. 388.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid., p. 387.
14. Ulysses S. Grant, Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant: Two Volumes in One (New York: Charles L. Webster, 1894), p. 616.
15. William Tecumseh Sherman, Memoirs of General William T. Sherman, two vols. in one ed. (New York: Da Capo, 1984), vol. 2, p. 343.
16. The incident involving the scout Campbell is from Horace Porter, Campaigning with Grant (Secaucus, NJ: Blue and Grey, 1984), p. 455.
17. Grant, Personal Memoirs, p. 618.
18. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, p. 456.
19. Ibid.
20. Grant, Personal Memoirs, p. 618.
21. The Lincoln log for April 5, 1865, http://www.thelincolnlog.org/Results.aspx?type=CalendarDay&day=1865-04-05.
22. Jefferson Davis, The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government, vol. 2 (Richmond, VA: Garret and Masie, 1938), p. 574.
The entire text of the proclamation can be found in the appendix.
April 6, 1865, Thursday: Bringing the Fighting to an End
1. Abraham Lincoln, The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Roy P. Basler, vol. 8 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953), p. 388.
2. Ibid., p. 389.
3. Ibid., p. 388.
4. Jean H. Baker, Mary Todd Lincoln: A Biography (New York: W. W. Norton, 1987), p. 241.
5. Marquis Adolphe de Chambrun, Impressions of Lincoln and the Civil War: A Foreigner's Account (New York: Random House, 1952), pp. 75–77.
6. Ulysses S. Grant, Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant: Two Volumes in One (New York: Charles L. Webster), p. 620.
7. Elisha Hunt Rhodes, All for the Union: The Civil War Diary and Letters of Elisha Hunt Rhodes (New York: Vintage Books, 1991), pp. 219–20.
8. Ibid., p. 221.
9. Grant, Personal Memoirs, p. 620.
10. Ibid., p. 622.
11. Ibid.
April 7, 1865, Friday: “Let the Thing Be Pressed”
1. Abraham Lincoln, The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Roy P. Basler, vol. 8 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953), p. 389. Also in US War Department, ed., The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1891), series 1, vol. 46, part 3, p. 640.
2. Lincoln, Collected Works, pp. 389–90.
3. Ibid., p. 390.
4. Ibid., pp. 390–91. Also Official Records, p. 596.
5. Lincoln, Collected Works, pp. 391–92.
The Last Weeks of Abraham Lincoln Page 32