Samsara, Nirvana, and Buddha Nature

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Samsara, Nirvana, and Buddha Nature Page 49

by Dalai Lama


  Sixty Stanzas of Reasoning, commentary (Candrakīrti), 133

  sleep, 93, 109–10, 175–76, 286, 345–46n34

  sleepiness, 99

  Smṛtyupasthāna Sūtra. See Establishment of Mindfulness Sutta

  socialization, 136

  solitary realizers, 43, 294, 305–6, 349n68, 351n84

  Song of the Experience of the View (Rolpai Dorje), 335–36

  soul, 24, 78, 85, 181, 184, 206, 332, 333, 337

  space particles, 146–47, 148, 149

  speech

  of buddhas, 139, 312

  harsh words, 92, 197, 198, 345–46n34

  sphere of reality, 323

  spiritual masters/mentors, 71, 95, 167, 219, 295

  spite, 70, 92, 109, 345–46n34

  Śrāvaka Grounds (Śrāvakabhūmi, Asaṅga), 19, 54

  śrāvakas

  entering Mahāyāna, 349n68

  karma of, 249

  mental bodies of, 351n84

  obstructions to buddha nature of, 305–6

  realization of, 17

  rebirth of, 43–44, 199

  vehicle of, 294

  stages of the path (lamrim), xiv

  stealing, 65, 66

  stinginess, 46, 95

  storehouse consciousness. See foundation consciousness

  stream-enterers, 16, 17, 349n74

  entering path of, 246–47

  fetters and, 87, 125, 184–85

  karma of, 249

  realization of, 233

  twelve links of, 255

  underlying tendencies of, 90, 129

  strong determination, 16, 31, 52, 96, 122, 210, 217, 225, 227–28, 294

  study, guidelines for, 1–3

  Sublime Continuum (Ratnagotravibhāga, Maitreya)

  on buddha activity, 331

  on buddha nature of sentient beings, three reasons for, 310–13

  on clear and luminous mind, 324

  on defiled buddha nature, 296

  on difficulty of understanding buddha nature, 315, 317–18

  Dzogchen/Mahāmudrā perspective on, 335

  on nine similes for buddha nature, 302–10

  nothing to be added or removed verse in, 325, 326–27

  on purpose of teaching buddha nature, 341

  on true duḥkha, 17

  subsequent attainment, 260

  substantial causes, 8, 147, 149

  subtlest mind-wind, 9, 146, 147, 148, 150, 288, 301–2, 348n55

  suchness, 236, 312, 314, 322, 326, 338

  suicide, 58, 179

  Sukhāvatī, 44, 258, 265

  Sumaṅgala-vilāsinī (Buddhaghoṣa), 143–44

  superknowledges, 137

  supernormal powers, 256

  Supplement (Candrakīrti), 127, 131, 139–40, 146

  supramundane path, 90, 246, 268, 270, 271, 272

  supreme dharma stage of path of preparation, 250

  Supreme Net Sutta (Brahmajāla Sutta), 83–84

  Sūtra of the Enumeration of Phenomena That Is Called “Discerning the Divisions of Existence, and So Forth,” 211

  Sūtra of the Tathāgata’s Inconceivable Secret (Tathāgatācintya-guhya-nirdeśa Sūtra), 228

  Sūtra on the Code of Ethical Conduct (Guṇaprabha), 292

  Sūtra on the Ten Grounds (Daśabhūmika Sūtra), 190

  Sūtra Unraveling the Thought (Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra), 294

  sūtras, definitive and provisional, 311, 312, 314

  Sūtrayāna

  on afflictions, 334

  on buddha nature, 296, 322, 324–25, 328, 329

  on cause for all saṃsāra, 275

  on clear light, 287

  on clear light mind, 327, 328, 329, 332

  on mind, levels of, 286

  on mind and form, 146

  on nature of mind, 283

  on wisdom, 331

  Svātantrika school, 138, 162, 169, 264, 265

  Sword of Wisdom for Thoroughly Ascertaining Reality (Mipham), 212

  syllogism, 25

  T

  Tantrayāna, 251

  causal clear light mind in, 332

  cause for all saṃsāra in, 275

  cessation, view of in, 9

  fundamental innate clear light mind in, 328

  illusory body in, 257–58

  on mind, levels of, 286

  mind and form in, 146

  nature of mind in, 283–84

  subtlest mind-wind in, importance of, 288, 349–50n77

  taking attachment on the path in, 68

  See also highest yoga tantra

  tathāgatagarbha. See buddha nature/disposition/essence

  Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra, 296, 302, 325, 337

  Teachings of Akṣayamati Sūtra (Akṣayamatinirdeśa Sūtra), 131

  Tears Sutta, 49–50

  ten full entanglements, 345n34

  Tenzin Gyatso, Bhikṣu, His Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai Lama, xv–xvi, xvii–xviii

  theism, 135–36, 142, 339

  Thirty-Seven Practices of Bodhisattvas, The (Togme Zangpo), 58–59, 218

  Thirty-Three Devas, 45, 344nn18–19

  thirty-two signs and eight marks, 139

  thoughts

  discursive, 242

  habitual, 107

  identifying afflictive, 112–13

  verbal stimuli, impact of on, 107

  three doors, formative actions of, 165

  three higher trainings, 1, 12, 129–30, 226, 240–41, 251, 253–54, 343n9

  Three Jewels, 58, 60, 67, 97, 164. See also refuge

  three poisons, 11, 64, 74

  iconography of, 155–56

  latencies of, 259, 304

  nirvāṇa as eradication of, 267–68, 272, 274

  three types of feelings and, 50–51

  See also anger; attachment; ignorance

  Three Principal Aspect of the Path (Tsongkhapa), 227

  three times, 29, 210, 238, 297, 333

  three turnings of Dharma wheel, xvii, 304, 325

  buddha nature in, 319–22, 341

  first turning, 10–11

  relationship between, 322

  sequence of, 324

  three vehicles

  āryas of, 161, 210, 236

  as final, 294–95, 349n72

  five paths of, 250, 254

  nirvāṇa in, 343n4

  true paths of, 34

  Tibetan people, origin legend of, 154

  Togme Zangpo, 58–59, 218

  Tongme Sangpo, 116

  transforming buddha nature, xiv, 293, 294, 298–99

  development of, 302, 306, 311

  as form bodies, 313, 314

  and naturally abiding buddha nature, relationship between, xiv, 296, 299, 301, 312–13, 328, 329

  purification of, 334

  and seed serving as basis for actualization of buddha bodies, 327–28

  sense consciousness and, 350n80

  in third turning, 322

  as wisdom truth body, 298, 304, 309

  transitory collection, view of. See view of personal identity

  Treasury of Dharmadhātu (Longchenpa), 330–31

  Treasury of Knowledge (Abhidharmakośa, Vasubandhu), 18, 19, 31

  on abandonment of afflictive views, 125

  on afflictions, 65, 66, 67, 104–5

  on arrogance, types of, 71

  on bardo, twelve links in, 200

  cosmology in, 154

  on defilements, additional categories of, 345n34

  on fetters, 97

  First Dalai Lama’s commentary on, 145

  on floods (ogha) and yokes (yoga), 346n37

  on form realm, 44

  on ignorance, 75, 160

  on ignorance, mixed and unmixed, 110–11

  on manifold world, arising of, 145–46

  on motivation, two forms, 163

  on pollutants, 99

  on Realm of Thirty-Three Devas, 344n18

  on six realms, 46, 47

  on twelve links, 157, 173

  on
underlying tendencies, 89

  on wrong views, 86

  Treatise on the Middle Way (Mūlamadhyamakakārikā, Nāgārjuna), 157, 213, 236–37, 269–70, 285, 297

  true cessation (nirodha-satya), xvii, 17

  on ārya path, 292

  of buddhas’ mind, 302

  and cessation, distinctions in meaning, 262

  final, 275

  four attributes of, 31–34, 37, 253

  four types in Pāli tradition, 15–16, 343n3

  nature of, 12

  nature truth body as, 9

  Prāsaṅgika view of, 265

  in Sanskrit tradition, 273–74

  in second turning, 319

  in third turning, 320

  twelve links and, 235, 236–37

  true existence

  emptiness of, 158, 213–14, 236, 285, 313, 347n48

  grasping, 74, 162, 250, 327, 334

  in nirvāṇa with and without remainder, 343n4

  superimposition of, 341–42

  true origins (samudaya-satya), xvi–xvii, 63, 123, 250, 334

  and afflictive obscurations, difference between, 346n40

  four attributes of, 28–30

  karmic seeds as, 130

  nature of, 11, 12, 14

  in twelve links, 194, 203, 235

  See also afflictions; karma

  true path (mārgasatya), xvii, 17, 233–34

  in common tradition, 253

  emptiness of, reflection on, 37

  four attributes of, 34–37

  in highest yoga tantra, 321

  nature of, 12

  realization of, 300

  in third turning, 320

  twelve links and, 235

  wisdom realizing emptiness as, 236, 237

  true sufferings. See duḥkha (unsatisfactory circumstances)

  truth body (dharmakāya), xvi, 234, 275, 309, 311, 314, 339. See also nature truth body; wisdom truth body

  Tsongkhapa, 103, 214, 227, 285, 335, 337. See also Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path; Illumination of the Thought

  Tsultrim Zangpo, 335

  Tuṣita, two places named, 45

  twelve links of dependent origination, xvii, 6–7, 232, 347n48

  as afflictions, karma, duḥkha, 193–94

  break in between feeling and craving, 177–78, 181, 204, 226

  cessation of, 237, 262

  creating new set, 167, 347n53

  examples of, 197–98, 202–3

  explicit presentation of, 194–96, 201

  forward and reverse order of, 157, 158, 234–37

  four groups in Pāli tradition, 200–202

  ignorance in, 73, 74, 111

  implicit presentations of, two, 196–97

  interconnection of, 186, 204–5

  as lacking inherent existence, 206–8

  meditation of, benefits of, 217–19

  natural phenomenal causality of, 144

  overlapping sets of, 198, 200, 201

  in pure lands, absence of, 258

  purpose of understanding, 210

  sequence of, 191

  solitary realizers and, 294

  specificity of terminology of, 158–59

  on śrāvaka ārya path, 255

  textual sources on, 156–57

  three levels of contemplating, 225–26

  ultimate nature of, 211–15

  in “Ye Dharmā” Dhāraṇī, 233

  two collections, 139, 296, 306

  two obscurations, 259–62, 278–79, 283, 302, 342

  two truths

  defilement of apprehending as different, 259, 260, 278

  definitive and provisional sūtras and, 311

  four ārya truths and, 18

  obscuration of, 130

  simultaneous realization of, 279, 309, 329

  See also conventional level of truth; ultimate truth/nature

  U

  Udāna, 268, 269

  Udāna commentary, 261

  Udāyana, King, 155

  ultimate analysis, 18, 134, 169, 207–8

  ultimate truth/nature

  as buddha essence, 304, 309

  of buddhas and sentient beings, 307

  ignorance of, 73

  nirvāṇa as, 263

  pristine wisdom realizing, 322

  saṃsāra and nirvāṇa in, 284–86

  as self-revealed, 327

  true duḥkha and, 18

  unconscious mind, Western psychological view of, 136–37

  underlying tendencies

  continuity of, 129–30

  three most dangerous, 90–91

  variant views on, 88–90, 345n31

  union of serenity and insight, 27, 204, 254

  universe. See world systems

  unmadas (crazy makers), 46

  V

  Vaibhāṣika school

  on afflictions, 66, 106

  on ārya disposition, 292

  on buddhahood, 292

  on cessation, 9, 346n38

  on continuity of mental consciousness, 169

  on first-link ignorance, 162

  on having-ceased, 347n44

  on nirvāṇa, 264–65

  on non-afflictive ignorance, 261–62

  on purifying karmic seeds, 132

  on underlying tendencies, 90

  on virtues, 138

  Vaiśesika tradition, 30

  vajra-like concentration, 309

  Vajrayāna. See Tantrayāna

  Vasubandhu, 159–60. See also Treasury of Knowledge (Abhidharmakośa)

  Vātsīputrīya school, 90

  veiled truths, 260, 311, 314

  verbal stimuli, 107, 108

  Versed Commentary on the Rice Seedling Sūtra (Śālistamba Sūtra Kārikā, Nāgārjuna), 205, 212

  Vibhaṅga, 88, 189

  victim mentality, 29

  view holding erroneous views as supreme, 82, 98, 104–5, 125, 183

  view of extremes, 81, 86, 141, 217–18

  abandonment of, 125

  aggregates in, 346n38

  clinging to, 183

  as ethically neutral, 110, 111

  order of arising, 104, 105

  view of personal identity, 82, 345n31

  abandonment of, 125

  analysis of, 244

  as antidote to itself, 116–17

  arrogance and, 71

  clinging to, 183–84

  control and, 103

  discouragement and, 221

  as ethically neutral, 86, 110, 111, 163

  as fetter, 97, 99

  ignorance and, 104

  twenty false views stemming from, 79–81

  two facets of, 78–79

  underlying tendencies to, 129

  variant views on, 77–78, 159, 160–61, 162

  view of rules and practices, 82–83, 98, 345n27

  abandonment of, 125

  clinging to, 184

  as fetter, 97, 99

  order of arising, 104, 105

  as underlying tendency, 345n31

  views

  clinging to, 183, 184–85

  distorted, 58

  false, 162

  floods (ogha) and yokes (yoga) of, 346n37

  grasping and, 69

  pollutant of, 99

  underlying tendency of, 89

  See also afflictive views; wrong views

  violence, 46, 70

  virtue

  concordant with liberation, 164

  destruction of, three levels, 131

  five types, 138–39

  and nonvirtue, discerning differences between, 137–39

  rejoicing at, 73

  See also roots of virtue

  virtuous actions

  clinging as motivation for, 184

  formative karma of, 163

  karmic potency from, 182–83

  mundane, renewed existence due to, 187

  polluted, seeds and latencies in, 130

  ten, 187, 204

  virtuous mental states, 65, 90, 109, 113
, 128, 138–39, 298, 299, 345–46n34

  visualization practice, 298

  volitional actions. See formative actions (saṃskāra karman)

  vows. See ethical restraints

  W

  Wayman, Alex, 343–44n9

  Wheel of Life, iconography of, 155–56

  white appearance, 128, 182, 328, 332

  winds, subtle, 287, 288–89, 328, 349–50n77. See also subtlest mind-wind

  wisdom, 262

  afflictions and, 108

  analytical, 342

  aptitude for, levels of, 204

  as cause for future arising of wisdom, 284, 349n76

  concentration as precursor to, 243

  determination to cultivate, 103

  developing, 19, 180

  in enhancing excellent qualities, 282

  five types, 147

  gradual process of, 232

  objectless/nonobjectifying, 319–20

  penetrative, 16

  perfection of, 1, 342

  pristine, 292, 293, 313, 314, 321, 322, 330

  as root of virtue, 88

  seeds of, 128

  subtle levels of mind and, 288

  in transforming buddha nature, 298, 306

  turning inward to, 245

  See also collection of wisdom

  wisdom, higher training of, 1, 130, 226, 241, 253

  wisdom realizing emptiness, 136, 326, 330

  as all-encompassing counterforce, 114

  clear light mind and, 280

  cultivation by advanced-level practitioners, 226

  ignorance eradicated with, 26, 191, 237, 297–98, 334

  as natural nirvāṇa, 264

  nirvāṇa and, 262

  purification by, 132

  reflecting on, 52

  as true path, 34–36, 253

  wisdom realizing selflessness, 9, 12, 17, 35–36

  wisdom truth body, 9, 275, 288, 329, 339

  attaining, 312

  collection of wisdom and, 298

  subtlest mind-wind and, 302

  transforming buddha nature as, 298, 304, 306, 309

  wise and unwise, distinction between, 236

  wishlessness, 270

  world systems, 144

  general Buddhist view of, 145

  tantric view of, 146–47

  two points of sentient influence on arising of, 149, 150–51

  worldly paths, 35, 36

  wrath, 92, 94, 345–46n34

  wrong views, 20–21

  abandonment of, 125

  acquired, 124

  as afflictions, 278, 279

  clinging to, 124, 183, 184

  cutting root of virtue, 140

  effects of, 85–86

  feelings accompanying, 109

  habits and, 107

  and ignorance, distinctions between, 86

  logic and, 85, 86

  manifest and seeds of, 128, 130

  as obstruction to buddha nature, 305

  order of arising, 104, 105

  rebirth due to, 46

  reflecting on dependent origination and, 218

  types of, 83–84, 345n29

  Y

  yakṣas, 46

  Yaśomitra, 90

  “Ye Dharmā” Dhāraṇī, 232–34

 

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