Thomas Cromwell

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Thomas Cromwell Page 105

by Diarmaid MacCulloch


  Barker, Christopher, 428

  Barlings Abbey, 378, 434

  Barlow, William, Bishop of St Davids, Bath and Wells, 188, 368, 471–2, 622

  Barnes, Robert, 68–9, 139–40, 455, 476, 622

  diplomacy, 136, 140–41, 285, 290–91, 313, 449, 494, 507, 516

  fall and death, 427, 516–17, 525, 532–3

  preaching, 395, 516, 532

  writings, 140

  Barton, Elizabeth, 230, 233–7, 239, 243, 245, 247–52, 256, 260, 268, 357, 458, 472–3, 487

  Barton, William, Abbot of Osney, 62

  Basel, 136, 227, 368, 506

  Basing, 543

  Basingstoke, 464, 500

  Bassett family, 17

  Batcock, Thomas, 256

  Bath and Wells, Bishops: see Barlow; Clerk; Knight

  diocese, 305

  Baumbach, Ludwig von, 515

  Bavaria, Dukes: see Albrecht V; Philipp

  Bayham Abbey, 61

  Baynton, Edward, 135, 303

  Beaufort, Margaret, Countess of Richmond, 12, 276, 279

  Beaulieu Abbey, 320

  Beauvale Charterhouse, 280, 284

  Becket, St Thomas, 173, 419, 464–6, 476, 487

  Beckwith, Leonard, 388

  Becon, Thomas, 289, 467

  Beconsaw, Adam, 296

  Beddgelert Priory, 199–200, 225, 274, 471

  Beddington, 338

  Bedell, Thomas, 220–1, 252, 273, 275, 282, 409–10, 421

  Bedford, Earls of: see Russell

  Bellasis, Anthony, 534

  Bellond, Edmund, Prior of London Austin Friars, 41, 62

  Bellow, John, 383–4, 386

  Benedictine Order, 488–90, 509; see also individual houses

  Benet, Thomas, of Exeter, 161

  Benet, William, 238

  Bennett, Thomas, of Salisbury, 57–8

  Benolt, John, 208

  Benolt, Thomas, 172, 208

  Benson alias Boston, William, Abbot of Burton then Westminster, 261, 489, 491, 513

  Bergavenny, Lord: see Neville

  Bergen op Zoom, 104, 138

  Berkeley Castle, 148–9, 300

  Berkeley, Thomas, 5th Baron Berkeley, 147; see also Savage

  Berkshire, 471

  Berners, Lord: see Bourchier

  Berthelet, Thomas, 392–3, 412–13, 458

  Beukelsz, Jan (‘Jan of Leyden’), 287–8

  Berwick on Tweed, 523, 543

  Beverley, 82, 265

  Bible, 282, 295, 297, 306, 365, 412, 452, 465, 488, 502, 513

  Coverdale’s, Plate 36; 69, 71, 362–3, 416

  Ecclesiasticus, 7, 129, 231, 343, 469, 552

  Ephesians, 394

  Erasmus New Testament, 34, 152

  Great Bible (‘Cranmer’s Bible’), Plate 38; 493, 508, 535–6

  in English, 362–3, 416, 487, 492–3

  King James Bible, 416

  Lollard Bible, 67

  ‘Matthew’ Bible, Plate 37; 416, 436, 492

  Psalms, 364

  II Thessalonians, 461

  Tyndale’s Bible, 35, 69, 71, 152, 363, 416

  Vulgate, 152, 297, 362

  see also New Testament; Old Testament; traditions in doctrine

  Biddenham, 35, 70

  bigamy, 141

  Bigges, John, 57

  Bigod, Francis, 375–6, 388, 390, 400–402, 423, 516

  Bilbao, 50–51, 131

  Billingford, James, 293–6

  Bilney, Thomas, 161

  Bilsington Priory, 60–61, 308–9, 320, 330

  Bindon Abbey, 271

  Bisham Priory and Abbey, 200, 471–2, 474; see also Barlow; Cordrey

  Bishoprics, Act for (1539), 502

  bishops, 95–6, 108, 115, 160, 213, 273, 295, 305, 319, 346, 357, 363, 371, 412–14, 476–7, 498, 503, 506, 515, 526

  new dioceses, 466, 491, 502

  Bishops’ Book, 413–55, 436, 460–61; see also King’s Book

  Bishop’s Waltham, 305–6, 648

  Bletchingley, 535

  Blount, Elizabeth, 258

  Blount (Courtenay), Gertrude, Marchioness of Exeter, 229, 234, 236, 238, 332, 479, 640

  Blount, William, 4th Baron Mountjoy, 132, 236, 240–41, 276, 479

  Blythe, Geoffrey, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, 198, 253

  Blythman, William, 322, 380, 388–9

  Bodmin Priory, 20

  Body, William, 331, 405, 548–9

  Boineburg, Georg von, 447, 452

  Boleyn, Anne: see Anne Boleyn

  Boleyn, George, Viscount Rochford, 100, 104, 116, 146–7, 152, 333–4, 338–40, 347–8, 497; see also Parker

  Boleyn, Mary, 167, 192, 361

  Boleyn, Thomas, Earl of Wiltshire, 77, 100, 114, 132–3, 153–4, 167, 178, 229, 335, 347, 352–3, 428, 436, 485

  Bologna, 106–7

  Bonham, Thomas, 101

  Bonner, Edmund, Bishop of Hereford, London, 28, 238, 507–8, 517, 523–4, 533, 676

  Bonville (Grey, Stafford), Cecily, Marchioness of Dorset and Countess of Wiltshire, 47, 49

  Book of Common Prayer, 69, 189, 229, 549, 551

  Borde, Andrew, 281, 305

  Boston, 31–5, 66, 71, 139, 152, 376, 464

  Boston, William: see Benson

  Botolf, Gregory, 522

  Boughton Malherbe, 369

  Boulogne, 206, 208

  Bourchier, Henry, 15th Earl of Essex, 515, 519–20

  Bourchier, John I, 2nd Baron Berners, 45, 224, 226

  Bourchier, John II, 11th Baron Fitzwarren, 1st Earl of Bath, 353

  Bourchier, John III, Abbot of Leicester, 466

  Bowes, Robert, 392–4

  Boxley Abbey, 453, 460

  Brabazon, William, 48, 122, 255–9, 329–30, 405, 480–81, 521, 616, 657

  Brackenbury, Anthony, 389

  Bradgate, 48

  Bradshaw, Brendan, 545n

  Brandon, Charles, 4th Duke of Suffolk, 43, 56, 75, 83, 133, 229, 335, 359, 436, 456, 460, 504–5, 517, 520, 538–9

  and Cromwell, 178–9, 520, 523

  and Lincolnshire, 384–7, 430–31, 434

  see also Mary Tudor; Willoughby

  Brantham, 456

  Brereton, William, 339

  Breyar, William, 378–80

  Bridgewater, Earl of: see Daubeney

  Bridlington Priory, 415, 434–5

  Bristol, 43, 50, 59, 264, 274, 300, 467, 500, 596

  Bromehill Priory, 202–3, 209

  Bromham Hall, 303

  Bromholm Priory, 415, 453

  Brooke, Thomas, 500

  Browne, Anthony, Viscount Montague, 100, 105, 176, 221–2, 342, 350, 478, 499, 507, 514

  Browne, George, Prior of London Austin Friars and Archbishop of Dublin, 218, 220, 264–5, 302, 330–31, 455, 480–81, 500, 521–2, 545–6

  Bruerne Abbey, 80, 196

  Bruges, 368

  Brussels, 25–6, 77, 126, 384, 494, 526

  Bruton Abbey, 194, 302

  Bryan, Francis, 83, 336, 348, 478

  Bucer, Martin, 71, 136, 142, 206, 364–5, 368, 446

  Buckingham, Duke of: see Stafford

  Buckinghamshire, 348

  Budgegood, Anthony, 48

  Bugenhagen, Johann, 71

  Buggery, Act for the Punishment of, 241, 245, 530

  Bulkeley, Richard, 200

  Bulleine, William, 442

  Bullinger, Heinrich, 71, 142, 366–70, 461, 542

  Bulmer, John, 401

  Bungay Priory, 308

  Buonvisi, Antonio, 41–2, 57, 280, 359

  Burchard, Franz, 447, 452, 495, 508

 
Burden, William, Prior of Thetford, 511

  Burghley, Lord: see Cecil

  Burton-on-Trent Abbey and College, 216, 464, 491, 512, 637: see also Benson

  Burton, John, Prior of St Frideswide Oxford, Abbot of Osney, 62

  Bury St Edmunds Abbey, 419–20, 432, 691

  Butler, John I, of Warwickshire, 366, 368

  Butler, John II, commissary of Calais, 450

  Butler, Piers, 8th Earl of Ormond and Earl of Ossory, 153–5, 255, 330, 404, 406, 521

  Butley Priory, 80, 95, 237, 611

  Butts, William, 117, 276

  Buxton, 464

  by-elections, parliamentary, 92, 214–15

  Calais, 12, 25, 45, 209, 326–7, 369, 404–5, 407, 452–3, 473–4, 499–500, 507, 513–14, 522, 534, 540, 544, 546

  and Cromwell, 27, 32, 335, 450–51, 590

  Deputies: see Bourchier, John I; Plantagenet, Arthur

  royal summit in (1532), 184–5, 191–2, 206–9, 214, 217, 222, 234, 303, 326

  Calvin, John, 72, 288–9, 366

  Calwich Priory, 198–200, 274

  Cambridge, 276, 417, 462

  Austin Friars, 68–9

  Carmelites 462

  Cambridge University, 37, 69–71, 113, 136, 160, 275–6, 295–6, 306–7, 314, 367, 374, 411, 463, 488–90

  Buckingham (Magdalene) College, 489, 506

  Chancellors: see Fisher

  Christ’s College, 196, 203–4, 316, 380, 629

  Corpus Christi College, 489

  Jesus College, 67, 76, 136–7; see also Capon

  King’s College, 9, 55, 417; see also Foxe

  King’s Hall, 37

  Pembroke Hall, 71, 126, 204

  Queens’ College, 443, 462

  St John’s College, 112, 276, 380

  St Nicholas Hostel, 389

  Trinity Hall, 178; see also Gardiner

  Cambridgeshire, 468

  Campeggio, Cardinal Lorenzo, Bishop of Salisbury, 58, 79, 84, 108, 134, 137, 278, 359–61

  Campeggio, Marc’Antonio, 359–60, 598

  Canford, 259

  Canner, Thomas, 65, 76

  canon law, 151, 242–3, 296, 306–7, 318–19, 487; see also Henry VIII: annulments of marriages

  Canterbury, 236, 247, 419, 514

  Archbishops, 354, 503; see also Cranmer; Parker; Pole; Warham

  archdiocese (Province), 150, 263

  Christ Church Cathedral (Priory), 233–4, 375, 464–5, 490, 511, 691

  diocese, 263, 500

  Faculty Office, 270–71, 463

  St Augustine’s Abbey, 237, 465

  St Gregory’s Priory, 354–7

  St Sepulchre’s Priory, 233–4

  see also Becket; Convocation; Court of Arches

  Capito, Wolfgang, 370

  Capon, John: see Salcot, John

  Capon, William, 76–7, 101, 112, 122, 137, 236, 510

  Carbot, Henry, 126, 617

  Carew, Nicholas, Plate 43; 184, 245, 312–13, 316, 334–6, 338, 342, 350, 474, 479–80, 533

  Carlisle, 50, 401

  Bishops of, 384; see also Aldrich; Kite

  Cathedral, 421

  Carmelites, 417, 459: see also individual houses

  Carnaby, Reynold, 381, 388

  Carr, Ralph, 373

  Carthusian Order, Plate 41; 250, 280–85, 294, 533; see also individual charterhouses

  Casali, Gregorio, 42, 277–9, 633

  Castillon: see Perreau

  Castle Acre Priory, 431–3, 435, 438, 453

  Castle Hedingham, 424

  Catesby Nunnery, 345–6

  cathedrals, 12, 94, 295, 421, 502, 510–12; see also individual cathedrals; music

  Catholic Church: see Western Church

  Catholicism, Roman, 542; see also papalism

  Caunton, Nicholas, 105

  Cavalcanti, Giovanni, 40–44

  Cavallari, Antonio, 57

  Cave, Francis, and family, 296, 466, 540

  Cavendish, George, Plate 12; 4, 57, 89–92, 98, 113, 119, 126, 128

  Cavendish, William, 549

  Cecil, William, 1st Baron Burghley, 543, 551, 698

  celibacy, clerical, 206, 241, 447–8, 499, 516; see also marriage, clerical; sodomy

  censorship, 234

  Chaalis Abbey, 195

  Chaffyn, Thomas, 93

  Chamber, Geoffrey, 32, 34

  Chancery, Court of, 30, 88, 165, 168, 170, 215, 221, 224, 270–71, 273, 324–5, 403

  Channel Islands, 12, 269, 422–3, 547

  chantries, 55, 88, 193, 284, 467, 546; see also collegiate foundations

  Chapuys, Eustace, 107, 115, 121, 138, 149–50, 159, 166, 226, 229, 246, 251–2, 256–8, 262, 283, 287, 297–8, 304, 306, 311, 335–6, 339, 345, 384–6, 401–2, 444, 448–9, 472

  and Cromwell, 22, 27, 37, 113, 126–7, 131, 145, 169, 180, 230, 234, 239, 292–3, 310, 314–16, 319, 333–4, 340, 342, 349–53, 358, 473, 587–8

  Charles I, King of England, Scotland and Ireland, 550

  Charles II, King of England, Scotland and Ireland, 550

  Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 121, 135, 138, 149, 157, 205, 235, 260, 279, 291, 365, 401, 412, 446, 448, 477, 491, 493–4, 515, 542

  and annulment of Aragon marriage, 78, 226

  and Ireland, 256–7

  and Princess Mary, 444

  Chaucer, Geoffrey, 461

  Chauncy, Maurice, 410

  Cheke, John, 443, 489

  Cheking, John, 71

  Chelsea, 42n, 142, 420, 449, 464, 475

  Chertsey Abbey, 142–3, 200, 305–6, 471–2, 655; see also Cordrey

  Cheshire, 547

  Chester, 212n, 257

  Bishops of, 212n: see Cotes; Lee

  Cheyney (Bulmer), Margaret, 401

  Cheyney, Thomas, 496–7, 525

  Chichester

  Bishops of: see Day; Sampson; Sherburne

  Cathedral, 60, 473, 482–3

  diocese, 483

  Church: see bishops; Church of England; Orthodox Churches; papacy; Rome; traditions; Western Church

  Church of England, 262–3, 265–6, 347, 363–71, 420–21, 487–8, 542–3, 547; see also Anglicanism; courts, ecclesiastical; evangelicalism; Protestantism; Reformation; Supremacy, Royal; Valor Ecclesiasticus

  Cinque Ports, 334, 496

  Cirencester Abbey, 300

  Cistercian Order, 195–6; see also individual houses

  civil law, 296, 307

  Civil Wars, British, 239

  Claybrook, William, 84–5

  Clement VII, Pope, 238, 277–8

  and annulment of Aragon marriage, 78, 84, 121–2, 227, 235

  Clerk, John I, Bishop of Bath and Wells, 412, 420, 517

  Clerk, John II, of Oxford, 65, 67

  Cleves: see Jülich-Cleves-Berg

  Clifford, Henry, 1st Earl of Cumberland, 390, 399

  Clifton, Gervase, 394; see also Tyndale alias Clifton

  Clifton, William, 365

  cloth industry and trade, 11, 24

  Cluniac Order, 431; see also individual houses

  Clydesdale, John: see Hidden

  Cockerell, James, Prior of Guisborough, 388

  Cockes, John, 152

  Cockes, William, 65

  coinage and currency, 6, 133, 170, 537

  Colchester, 475

  Abbey, 490, 509

  Bishop of, 479

  Colet, John, Dean of St Paul’s, 117

  Cologne, 363

  Collectanea Satis Copiosa, 143–4, 191, 226

  collegiate foundations, 55, 197, 295–6, 481, 488–92, 502, 511–12, 546; see also chantries

  Collier, John Payne, 660, 674


  Collins, Lancelot, 28–9, 252, 390

  Cologne, 142

  commerce: see trade

  commissions, royal: see justices of the peace; Vice-Gerency; Visitations

  Commissions of the Peace: see justices of the peace; libri pacis

  common land: see enclosures

  common law and courts, 146, 160–61, 268, 324–5; see also equity; Chancery; Common Pleas; Exchequer; King’s Bench; oyer and terminer; Star Chamber

  Common Pleas, Court of, 30, 433

  Commons, House of, 95–7, 146, 215, 318, 353, 519, 542, 547–8

  elections to, (1523), 49–50; (1529) 90–93, 102, 174; (1536), 608; (1539), 432, 486, 496–8, 506

  representation in, 326–8, 547, 661

  Speaker, 498; see also Audley, Thomas; Hare; More, Thomas; Wingfield, Humphrey

  see also by-elections; Parliament; Supplication against the Ordinaries

  comperta, 321

  Compton, William, 63, 80

  confession, sacramental, 347, 458–60, 499, 501, 507; see also penance

  confirmation, 413

  Constable, Marmaduke, 240

  Constable, Robert, 390

  Constantinople, 415

  Contarini, Cardinal Gasparo, 72

  Convocations, 13, 145, 149, 242, 266, 410, 499

  of Canterbury, 361; (1529–36), 145–7, 156, 161, 165–6, 177, 209, 218, 240, 247–8, 476; (1536), 347–50, 361–2, 378; (1539), 499–500; (1540), 528–9

  of York, 361; (1529–36), 150, 158, 220, 228–9, 389; (1539), 499; (1540), 529

  Cook, Hugh, Abbot of Reading, 509–10

  Cope, Anthony, 294

  Cordrey, John, Abbot of Chertsey, Bisham, 471–2

  Cornwall, 375, 549, 628

  Cornwall, Richard, 52

  coronations, 205, 279; see also Anne Boleyn; Edward VI

  Corpus Christi, 346

  Corwen, Richard, 429

  Cotes, George, Bishop of Chester, 299

  Cotton, George, 259, 386

  Cotton, Richard, 386

  Coughton, 408

  Council, Royal, 117–18, 134, 202–3, 237, 246, 258, 322, 377, 392, 398, 546, 548; see also Privy Council

  Council in the Marches of Wales, 171, 252–5, 377, 398, 404, 478, 544; see also Blythe; Lee, Roland; Smyth; Veysey

  Council in the North, 258, 398, 451, 463

  Council of the West, 478

  Councils: see also General Councils; Great Councils; Privy Council

  Court, Royal, 63, 85, 93, 100–101, 106, 125, 132, 152–3, 176, 180, 193, 210, 255, 258, 292, 300, 306, 310–16, 318, 327, 331–42, 346, 348, 351, 358, 369, 382, 393, 399, 405–7, 429, 443–6, 451, 507, 513, 533, 540–42; see also Chapel Royal; ‘Exeter Conspiracy’; palaces; Privy Chamber; Privy Coffers

  Court of Arches, 374

  Court at Street (Kent), 233, 235

 

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