Quarrell, W.H., and Mare, Margaret, eds, London in 1710: From the Travels of Zacharias Conrad von Uffenbach (Faber & Faber, London, 1934)
Roberts, David, ed., Lord Chesterfield’s Letters (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008)
Rosenthal, Norman, ed., The Misfortunate Margravine: The Early Memoirs of Wilhelmina, Margravine of Bayreuth (Macmillan, London, 1970)
Sedgwick, Romney, ed., Some materials towards memoirs of the reign of George II, by John, Lord Hervey, 3 vols (London, 1931)
Sloane, Hans, and Birch, Thomas, An Account of Inoculation by Sir Hans Sloane, Bart. Given to Mr Ranby, to be Published, Anno 1736. Communicated by Thomas Birch, D.D., Secret RS, Philosophical Transactions (1683–1775), Vol. 49, published by the Royal Society
Stevenson, Gertrude Scott, ed., The Letters of Madame: The Correspondence of Elisabeth Charlotte of Bavaria, 2 vols (Arrowsmith, London)
Thomson, Mrs, ed., Memoirs of Viscountess Sundon (Henry Colburn, London, 1847)
Toland, John, An Account of the courts of Prussia and Hanover: sent to a Minister of State in Holland (London, 1705)
van Muyden, Madame, trans. and ed., A Foreign View of England in the Reigns of George I and George II: The Letters of Monsieur César de Saussure to his Family (John Murray, London, 1902)
Verses on the Coronation of their late Majesties King George II and Queen Caroline, October 11, MDCCXXVII (W. Bowyer, London, 1761)
Voltaire, François-Marie Arouet, Letters on the English (London, 1733)
Walpole, Horace, Reminiscences, written in 1788, for the amusement of Miss Mary and Miss Agnes B***y (London, 1818)
– Memoirs of the Last Ten Years of the Reign of George II (London, 1822)
Periodicals
Albertyn, Erik, The Hanover Orchestral Repertory, 1672–1714: Significant Source Discoveries, Early Music, Vol. 33, no 3 (2005)
Arkell, R.L., George I’s Letters to His Daughter, The English Historical Review, Vol. 52, no 207 (July 1937)
Aspden, Suzanne, ‘An Infinity of Factions’: Opera in Eighteenth-Century Britain and the Undoing of Society, Cambridge Opera Journal, Vol. 9, no 1 (1997)
Batey, Mavis, The Pleasures of the Imagination: Joseph Addison’s Influences on Early Landscape Gardens, Garden History, Vol. 33, no 2 (2005)
Bertoloni Meli, Domenico, Caroline, Leibniz and Clarke, Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 60, no 3 (1999)
Black, Jeremy, Additional Light on the Fall of Townshend, The Yale University Gazette, Vol. 63, no 3/4 (1989)
– Georges I & II: Limited Monarchs, History Today, Vol. 53, issue 2 (2003)
– ‘George II and All That Stuff’: On the Value of the Neglected, Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies, Vol. 36, no 4 (2004)
Brett, Cécile, Revealing Thornhill’s mythological scene at Hampton Court, The British Art Journal, Vol. 13, no 3 (winter 2012/13)
Brooks, William, Nostalgia in the letters of Elisabeth Charlotte, the second Madame, Cahiers du 17e siècle, 10 (2006)
Brown, Gregory, Leibniz’s Endgame and the Ladies of the Courts, Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 65, no 1 (2004)
Burchard, Wolf, St James’s Palace: George II’s and Queen Caroline’s Principal London Residence, Court Historian, 2011
Bushell, T.L., Princess Amelia and the Politics of Georgian England, The Centennial Review, Vol. 17, no 4 (1973)
Campbell Orr, Clarissa, Life and Culture at Court in England and Hanover. An Anglo-German Comparison, Prince Albert Studies, Vol. 32, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, 2015
Carswell, John, George Bubb Dodington, 1691–1762, History Today, Vol. 4 (December 1954)
Cavendish, Richard, Death of Frederick, Prince of Wales, History Today, Vol. 51 (2001)
Cohen, Michael, Empowering the Sister: Female Rescue and Authorial Resistance in The Heart of Midlothian, College Literature, Vol. 20, no 2 (1993)
Colton, Judith, Merlin’s Cave and Queen Caroline: Garden Art as Political Propaganda, Eighteenth-Century Studies, Vol. 10, no 1 (1976)
Connor, T.P., Colen Campbell as Architect to the Prince of Wales, Architectural History, Vol. 22 (1979)
Cornforth, John, Kensington Palace, London, Country Life, January 1995
Cowie, Leonard W., Leicester House, History Today, Vol. 23 (1973)
Dickson, Peter, The South Sea Bubble, 1720, History Today, Vol. 4 (1954)
Engel, Carl, The Literature of National Music, The Musical Times and Singing Circular, Vol. 19, no 427 (September 1878)
Erskine-Hill, Howard, Under Which Caesar? Pope in the Journal of Mrs Charles Caesar, 1724–1741, The Review of English Studies, Vol. 33, no 132 (1982)
Field, Ophelia, Queens and Their Gifts, Times Literary Supplement, 3 April 2015
Fritz, Paul S., The Trade in Death: The Royal Funerals in England, 1685–1830, Eighteenth-Century Studies, Vol. 15, no 3 (1982)
George, Dorothy, The Cartoon in the Eighteenth Century, History Today, Vol. 4 (September 1954)
Goldie, Mark, John Locke: Icon of Liberty, History Today, Vol. 54 (2004)
Grundy, Isobel, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and the Theatrical Eclogue, Lumen, 17 (1998)
Halsband, Robert, A Prince, a Lord and a Maid of Honour, History Today
– Lady Mary Wortley Montagu: Her Place in the Eighteenth Century, History Today, Vol. 16 (February 1966)
Hanson, L.W., Townshend on the Death of Queen Caroline, The English Historical Review, Vol. 46, no 184 (1931)
Heckscher, Morrison, Eighteenth-century Rustic Furniture Designs, Furniture History, Vol. 11 (1975)
Hunter, David, Senesino Disobliges Caroline, Princess of Wales, and Princess Violante of Florence, Early Music, Vol. 30, no 2 (2002)
Jalobeanu, Dana, The Missing Part of a Definition: Clarke, ‘Newton’s Sect’ and Another Way of Saving the Miracles in Seventeenth Century, Arches 7 (2004)
Jay, Emma, Queen Caroline’s Library and its European Contents, Book History, Vol. 9 (2006)
Jones, Emrys D., Royal Ruptures: Caroline of Ansbach and the Politics of Illness in the 1730s, Journal of Medical Ethics; Medical Humanities, 37 (2011)
Kern, Jean B., The Fate of Thomson’s Edward and Eleanora, Modern Language Notes, Vol. 52, no 7 (1937)
McCulloch, Derek, Royal Composers: The Composing Monarchs that Britain Nearly Had, The Musical Times, Vol. 122, no 1662 (August 1981)
Mahaffey, Kathleen, Pope’s ‘Artemisia’ and ‘Phryne’ as Personal Satire, The Review of English Studies, Vol. 21, no 84 (1970)
Manfredi, Martina, Jacopo Amigoni: A Venetian Painter in Georgian London, The Burlington Magazine, Vol. 147, no 1231 (2005)
Marschner, Joanna, Baths and Bathing at the Early Georgian Court, Furniture History Society, Vol. 31 (1995)
Marsden, Jean I., Sex, Politics, and She-Tragedy: Reconfiguring Lady Jane Grey, Studies in English Literature, 1500–1900, Vol. 42, no 3 (2002)
Morris, Marilyn, Transgendered Perspectives on Premodern Sexualities, Studies in English Literature, 1500–1900, Vol. 46, no 3 (summer 2006)
Newman, A.N., The Political Patronage of Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales, The Historical Journal, Vol. 1, no 1 (1958)
Nussbaum, Felicity A., ‘Savage’ Mothers: Narratives of Maternity in the Mid-Eighteenth Century, Cultural Critique, no 20 (1991–92)
Paffard, Michael, Stephen Duck: The Thresher Poet, History Today, Vol. 27 (1977)
Prescott, Sarah, The Cambrian Muse: Welsh Identity and Hanoverian Loyalty in the Poems of Jane Brereton (1685–1740), Eighteenth-Century Studies, Vol. 38, no 4 (2005)
Reese, T.R., A Red Indian Visit to 18th Century England, History Today, Vol. 4 (1954)
Roinila, Markku, Leibniz and the Amour Pur Controversy, Journal of Early Modern Studies, Vol. 2 (fall 2013)
Schonhorn, Manuel, The Audacious Contemporaneity of Pope’s Epistle to Augustus, Studies in English Literature, 1500–1900, Vol. 8, no 3 (1968)
Schwoerer, Lois G., Images of Queen Mary II, 1689–95, Renaissance Quarterly, Vol. 42, no 4 (1989)
Shipley, J
ohn B., A Note on the Authorship of The Whale, The Review of English Studies, Vol. 18, no 70 (1967)
Smith, Hannah, The Court in England, 1714–1760: A Declining Political Institution?, History, Vol. 90, no 1 (January 2005)
Strickland, Lloyd, The Philosophy of Sophie, Electress of Hanover, Hypatia, Vol. 24, no 2 (spring 2009)
Sykes, Norman, Queen Caroline and the Church, New Series, Vol. 11, no 44 (1927)
Taylor, Stephen, and Smith, Hannah, Hephaestion and Alexander: Lord Hervey, Frederick, Prince of Wales, and the Royal Favourite in England in the 1730s, The English Historical Review, Vol. 124, no 507 (2009)
Tite, Catherine, ‘The Choice of Paris’: Representing Frederick, Prince of Wales: a brief reconsideration, The British Art Journal, Vol. 9, no 2 (2008)
Turner, Edward Raymond, The Lords Justices of England, The English Historical Review, Vol. 29, no 115 (1914)
Weichel, Eric, ‘Fixed by so much better a fire’: Wigs and Masculinity in Early 18th-Century British Miniatures, Shift, Queen’s Journal of Visual & Material Culture, issue 1 (2008)
Willoughby, Edwin Elliott, The Chronology of the Poems of Thomas Wharton, the Elder, The Journal of English and Germanic Philology, Vol. 30, no 1 (1931)
Woodward, John, Amigoni as Portrait Painter in England, The Burlington Magazine, Vol. 99, no 646 (1957)
Yorke-Long, Alan, George II and Handel, History Today, 10 October 1951
Zedler, Beatrice H, The Three Princesses, Hypatia, Vol. 4, no 1 (spring 1989)
Picture Section
The little town of Ansbach, by Wenceslaus Hollar, c.1630, dominated by the margrave’s palace and the Gothic church of St Gumbertus. (Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2017)
Caroline’s parents, Eleonore Erdmuthe Louise of Saxe-Eisenach and a doting John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach. (Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2017)
Sophia Charlotte, queen in Prussia, known as Figuelotte, by Friedrich Wilhelm Weidemann – a second mother to Caroline, intelligent, irreverent, beautiful. (Bomann Museum Celle. Photo by Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images)
Frederick III, Elector of Brandenburg, afterwards king in Prussia, who became Caroline’s self-appointed guardian in 1696: a man who, in his own words, possessed ‘all the attributes of kingliness and in greater measure than other kings’. (DEA PICTURE LIBRARY/Getty)
The palace of Herrenhausen, the glory of Hanover, begun in 1665, its garden a series of poker-straight avenues, with gondolas floating on a man-made canal. (Heritage Images/Contributor/Getty Images)
Electress Sophia, the dynastic link between the thrones of England and Scotland and the Hanoverian electorate. To her delight, she would become Caroline’s grandmother-in-law. (Oil on canvas, Jouvenet, Noel (d.1716)/Royal Collection Trust © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2017/Bridgeman Images)
The man who became Caroline’s father-in-law, George Louis, Elector of Hanover, afterwards George I, intractability in every line of his stubborn profile. (Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2017)
This portrait of 1691 by Jacques Vaillant of Sophia Dorothea of Celle depicts the hapless princess with her children, George Augustus, the future George II, and the younger Sophia Dorothea. (Heritage Image Partnership Ltd/Alamy Stock Photo)
The man Caroline married, George Augustus, Electoral Prince of Hanover, afterwards, as seen here, King of Great Britain: cocksure, strutting and a little foolish, but deeply attached to his remarkable bride. (Metropolitan Museum of Art. Gift of Irwin Untermyer, 1964)
St James’s Palace and Pall Mall as they would have appeared in Caroline’s lifetime, a reach-me-down setting for royal life. (English School (18th century)/National Trust, Regional Office, 20 Grosvenor Gardens, London, UK/National Trust Photographic Library/Bridgeman Images)
Family feuding forced Caroline and George Augustus to find a home of their own – Leicester House, in Leicester Square. (Engraving after Nicholls, Sutton (18th century)/Private Collection/Bridgeman Images)
Caroline’s most devoted female courtier, woman of the bedchamber Charlotte Clayton. Caroline told her, ‘You know me, & know that I love people of wit & merit.’ (Chronicle/Alamy Stock Photo)
Maid of honour Molly Lepell, one of the beauties of Caroline’s household. Her marriage to John, Lord Hervey, proved unhappy. (Coloured chalks on paper, Knapton, George (1698–1778)/Ickworth House, Suffolk, UK/National Trust Photographic Library/Christopher Hurst/Bridgeman Images)
Henrietta Howard, the rival Caroline skilfully managed, an intelligent adventuress who became George II’s mistress through financial necessity – and simultaneously served Caroline as woman of the bedchamber. (Gibson, Thomas (c.1680–1751)/Blickling Hall, Norfolk, UK/National Trust Photographic Library/Bridgeman Images)
Until her death in 1722, Elisabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Orléans, a German princess married to Louis XIV’s brother, acted as epistolary confidante to Caroline. They never met. (Oil on canvas, after Rigaud, Hyacinthe (1659–1743)/Château de Versailles, France/Bridgeman Images)
Described as ‘the Queen’s Minister’ for his closeness to Caroline, Sir Robert Walpole proved himself a puppeteer of genius in his manipulation of both Caroline and George Augustus. (Heritage Image Partnership Ltd/Alamy Stock Photo)
James Thornhill’s huge painting of the family of George I in Greenwich Naval Hospital places Caroline, dressed in gold, immediately behind her father-in-law. (Graham Mulrooney/Alamy Stock Photo)
Caroline in her coronation robes by Charles Jervas, glittering with jewels, many of them borrowed for the occasion. (Guildhall Art Gallery, City of London/Bridgeman Images)
Venetian portraitist Jacopo Amigoni painted Caroline in 1735 as queen and mother, a cornucopia of royal offspring at her feet. (Peter Horree/Alamy Stock Photo)
Martin Maingaud’s portrait of Caroline’s three eldest daughters – Anne, Amelia and Caroline – from whom Caroline was separated for much of their childhood. (Royal Collection Trust © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2017/Bridgeman Images)
Caroline and the son she loved best, William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland. (Aikman, William (1682–1731)/Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire, UK/National Trust Photographic Library/Bridgeman Images)
The son Caroline grew to hate, Frederick, Prince of Wales. George II described him unfairly as half-witted. (Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2017)
John, Lord Hervey, Caroline’s vice chamberlain from 1730, her (almost wholeheartedly) devoted admirer, whose memoirs offer a sparkling if misleading portrait of court life. (The National Trust Photolibrary/Alamy Stock Photo)
A deliciously flattering portrait of Caroline as queen by Enoch Seeman. The artist deftly avoids any suggestion that Caroline, as one observer noted, had ‘grown too stout’. (Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2017)
Caroline was an enthusiastic gardener and builder of garden follies, like the Hermitage in her garden at Richmond Lodge. (British Library, London, UK/© British Library Board. All Rights Reserved/Bridgeman Images)
The seven surviving children of Caroline and George II, including Frederick, Prince of Wales (standing centre) and his brother and rival, William Augustus. (Collection of the Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House, UK/© Devonshire Collection, Chatsworth/Reproduced by permission of Chatsworth Settlement Trustees/Bridgeman Images)
William Hogarth’s oil sketch of the family of George II, a study in divisions. Caroline’s attention is wholly consumed by William Augustus, far left. (Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2017)
A middle-aged Caroline, painted from memory in 1735 by Joseph Highmore, imposing in her statuesque magnificence. (Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2017)
John Vanderbank the Younger painted Caroline the year before her death, dignified and purposeful in full regal fig. (The Trustees of the Goodwood Collection/Bridgeman Images)
Caroline on her deathbed, by one of her female attendants, Doroth
y, Countess of Burlington. (Collection of the Duke of Devonshire, Chatsworth House, UK/© Devonshire Collection, Chatsworth/Reproduced by permission of Chatsworth Settlement Trustees/Bridgeman Images)
Rysbrack’s marble bust of Caroline, completed after her death, captures both her shrewdness and her firmness of purpose. (Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2017)
Index
The page numbers in this index relate to the printed version of this book; they do not match the pages of your ebook. You can use your ebook reader’s search tool to find a specific word or passage.
Aberdour, George Douglas, Lord 276
Acres, Joseph 54, 124
Act of Settlement (1701) 61, 65, 95, 105, 123, 154, 290
Act of Union (1707) 62, 95
Addison, Joseph 89, 117, 193, 263
Cato 89
Ahlden castle 79, 80
Albemarle, Anne, Countess of 254
Albert II of Ansbach 40
Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 3, 4
Amalia Wilhelmine of Brunswick-Lüneburg 43
Amelia Sophia Eleanor, Princess
birth 92, 98
travels to London with Caroline 110
considered a miracle for her age 119
forced to stay with George Louis 173, 186–7
The First Iron Lady Page 41