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by William F Buckingham


  27. See Verney, The Guards Armoured Division, p.106. Captain The Honourable Vicary Paul Gibbs is interred in Jonkerbos War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland Plot 22, Row G, Grave 4

  28. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, Appendix A, Section II ‘Operations in the area Grave-Nijmegen – 17/20 Sep.’, Para. 17 ‘The capture of the Nijmegen bridges – 20th Sep.’; Verney, p.106; and LoFaro, p.371

  29. See Nordyke, pp.120-122

  30. The 16:20 start time is cited in MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, p.181

  31. See for example Nordyke, pp.122-124

  32. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, Appendix A, Section II ‘Operations in the area Grave-Nijmegen – 17/20 Sep.’, Para. 17 ‘The capture of the Nijmegen bridges – 20th Sep.’

  33. See LoFaro, p.371; and Kershaw, It Never Snows in September, p.213

  34. See Nordyke, p.144; and LoFaro, p.364

  35. See Burriss, pp.121-123

  36. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, Appendix A, Section II ‘Operations in the area Grave-Nijmegen – 17/20 Sep.’, Para. 17 ‘The capture of the Nijmegen bridges – 20th Sep.’; and LoFaro, p.366-367

  37. Quoted from LoFaro, p.366

  38. See ibid., p.366; and Ryan, p.416

  39. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, Appendix A, Section II ‘Operations in the area Grave-Nijmegen – 17/20 Sep.’, Para. 17 ‘The capture of the Nijmegen bridges – 20th Sep.’; for a detailed account see Ryan, pp.416, 418-419

  40. See LoFaro, pp.373-374

  41. See Ryan, pp.417-418; and LoFaro, p.372

  42. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, Appendix A, Section II ‘Operations in the area Grave-Nijmegen – 17/20 Sep.’, Para. 17 ‘The capture of the Nijmegen bridges – 20th Sep.’; and Wilson, The Ever Open Eye, pp.129-130

  43. See Kershaw, pp.198, 212- 214

  44. Figures cited in Nordyke, p.149

  45. See Ryan, pp.421-422; and Burriss, pp.123-124

  46. See Gavin, On to Berlin, pp.181-182

  47. Quoted from Wilson, p.133

  48. See Ryan, p.423

  49. See Powell, The Devil’s Birthday, p.163

  50. See LoFaro, pp.387-388

  51. See Gavin, On to Berlin, pp.175-176

  52. See MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, p.178; and LoFaro, pp.381-382

  53. See Nordyke, All American All The Way, p.109; and LoFaro, The Sword of St. Michael, pp.382-384

  54. See Gavin, On to Berlin, pp.176-177; MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, p.178; LoFaro, pp.384-386; and Nordyke, p.150

  55. See Major B. F. Delamater, The Action of the 1st Battalion, 508th Parachute Infantry, pp.17-20; and Nordyke, pp.108-109, 117-118, 149-150

  56. Testimony from Major Michael Forman, OC B Company, 7th Battalion The King’s Own Scottish Borderers; cited in Middlebrook, Arnhem 1944, p.284

  57. Testimony from Lieutenant Dennis Kayne, commanding 8 Platoon, B Company, 156 Parachute Battalion; cited in ibid., p.285

  58. Testimony from Lieutenant Dennis Noble, commander Medium Machine Gun Platoon, Support Company, 156 Parachute Battalion; cited in ibid.. p.285

  59. For withdrawal timing see WO 171/1247 156 Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 13:00, 20/09/1944; for ‘troop stonk’ details see WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C, ‘Diary Kept by Brigadier J.W. Hackett, Commander 4th Parachute Brigade’, entry for 20/09/1944

  60. See WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C, entry for 20/09/1944; and Middlebrook, pp.72, 283

  61. Major Charles Neville Bruce Dawson and Captain George Minto Blundell are interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland in Plot 6, Row C, Grave 11 and Plot 27, Row B, Grave 7 respectively. Captain Gibbs was captured during the fight while Captain Wainright was cut off; he evaded capture and was instrumental in organising the evacuation of other evaders across the Lower Rhine via Operation PEGASUS on the night of 22-23 October 1944

  62. Quoted from WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C, entry for 20/09/1944

  63. See WO 171/1247 156 Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 13:00, 20/09/1944; and The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section Major Geoffrey Stewart Powell’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/geoffrey_powell.htm, accessed 31/10/2013

  64. Testimony from Sergeant Andrew Thorburn, A Company, 156 Parachute Battalion; cited in Middlebrook, p.283. Lieutenant –Colonel Sir William Richard de Bacquencourt Des Vœux is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland Plot 6, Row C, Grave 10

  65. See WO 171/1247 156 Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 13:00, 20/09/1944

  66. See WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C, entry for 20/09/1944

  67. See Urquhart, Arnhem, p.109

  68. Major Michael Stuart Page is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland in Plot 28, Row B, Grave 7

  69. Figures cited in WO 171/1247 156 Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 17:00, 20/09/1944

  70. See WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C, entry for 20/09/1944

  71. See for example Middlebrook, p.286

  72. See WO 171/1247 156 Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 18:30, 20/09/1944

  73. See WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 18:50, 20/09/1944; Urquhart, p.110; and WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C, entry for 20/09/1944;

  74. See Green, 1st Battalion The Border Regiment, p.40

  75. See ibid., p.42

  76. For details & plates see Zwarts, German Armoured Units at Arnhem, pp.66, 69

  77. See for example The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Guy Loder-Symonds at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/robert_loder_symonds.htm, accessed 02/12/2013. The above account erroneously refers to the Flammpanzer B2 (f) approaching from the direction of Arnhem to the east, whereas it was moving along the Utrechtseweg from the west

  78. Quoted from WO 166/15077 1st Battalion The Border Regiment War Diary, entry for 20/09/1944

  79. See Green, pp.41-42

  80. See WO 171/1513 9th (Airborne) Field Company RE War Diary, entry for 20/09/1944

  81. See WO 171/589 1st Airlanding Brigade War Diary, Appendix A, entry for 18:30, 20/09/1944

  82. For timings see WO 171/397 HQ Royal Engineers War Diary, entries for 17:40 & 19:55, 20/09/1944; for Mackenzie’s presence see WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 18:00, 20/09/1944

  83. See The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Captain Michael Douglas Green’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/michael_douglas_green.htm, accessed 07/12/2013.

  84. Quoted from WO 171/397 HQ Royal Engineers War Diary, entry for 21:10, 20/09/1944

  85. See The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Captain Michael Douglas Green’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/michael_douglas_green.htm, accessed 07/12/2013.

  86. See WO 171/1511 4th Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, Appendix I, entries for 10:00 & 18:00, 20/09/1944; and Faulkner-Brown, A Sapper at Arnhem, p.55

  87. Quoted from Urquhart, p.111

  88. Quoted from Faulkner-Brown, p.56

  89. See Urquhart, pp.111-112

  90. See WO 171/398 1 Airborne Division Signals War Diary, entry for 12:00, 20/09/1944

  91. For timings see WO 171/1511 4th Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entries for 11:10 & 15:15, 20/09/1944

  92. See Faulkner-Brown, p.56

  93. See WO 171/1511 4th Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entry for 19:00, 20/09/1944

  94. See WO 171/1248 21st Independent Parachute Company War Diary, entry for 20/09/1944; and Kent, First In!, pp.109-110

  95. See WO 171/1323 7th Battalion King’s Own Scottish Borderers War Diary, entries for 13:00-19:00 & 19:00-24:00, 20/09/1944
/>   96. See WO 171/1244 11th Parachute Battalion War Diary, Appendix A, entry for 20/09/1944

  97. Testimony from Captain Frank King, OC Support Company, 11th Parachute Battalion; cited in Middlebrook, pp.333-334

  98. See WO 171/1244 11th Parachute Battalion War Diary, Appendix A, entry for 20/09/1944

  99. Lieutenant Leslie Arthur Curtis has no known grave and is commemorated on the Groesbeek Memorial, Panel 8

  100. For Lance-Sergeant Baskeyfield’s VC citation see for example The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Lance-Sergeant John Daniel Baskeyfield’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/john_baskeyfield.htm, accessed 18/12/2013; Lance-Sergeant John Daniel Baskeyfield has no known grave and is commemorated on the Groesbeek Memorial, Panel 5

  101. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entries for 15:00, 16:30 & 19:00, 20/09/1944; and WO 171/1238 3rd Parachute Battalion War Diary, entries for 16:00, 18:00 & 18:30, 20/09/1944

  102. See WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 18:15, 20/09/1944; and WO 171/589 1st Airlanding Brigade War Diary, Appendix A, entries for 15:00 & 19:20, 20/09/1944

  103. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entries for 19:00 & 20:30, 20/09/1944; WO 171/1238 3rd Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 18:45, 20/09/1944; and WO 171/1244 11th Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 20/09/1944

  104. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 20:30, 20/09/1944; and WO 171/1238 3rd Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for Night Sept 20/21’, 20/09/1944

  105. See WO 171/1244 11th Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 20/09/1944; WO 171/589 1st Airlanding Brigade War Diary, Appendix A, entry for 19:20, 20/09/1944; and Middlebrook, p.336

  106. For Lonsdale comment see WO 171/1238 3rd Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 12:30, 20/09/1944

  107. See ‘Report on Operation ‘MARKET’ by Major S.M. Frazer, RAMC 181 Air Landing Field Ambulance’, entry for 19/09/1944; cited at The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Major S. M. Frazer’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/sm_frazer.htm, accessed 21/11/2013; see also Mawson, Arnhem Doctor, p.72

  108. See Mawson, pp.86-87; and Middlebrook, pp.336-337

  109. Quoted from Mawson, p.87. Captain The Reverend Bernard Joseph Benson died on 27/09/1944; he is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland Plot 4, Row B, Grave 10

  110. See ‘Report on Operation ‘MARKET’ by Major S. M. Frazer, RAMC 181 Air Landing Field Ambulance’, entry for 20/09/1944; cited at The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Major S. M. Frazer’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/sm_frazer.htm, accessed 21/11/2013; ibid., Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Trevor Marrable’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/arthur_marrable.htm, accessed 23/11/2013; and Mawson, pp.87-91

  111. Quoted from Mawson, p.91

  112. For 12:00 timing see ‘Report on Operation ‘MARKET’ by Major S. M. Frazer, RAMC 181 Air Landing Field Ambulance’, entry for 20/09/1944; cited at The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Major S.M. Frazer’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/sm_frazer.htm, accessed 21/11/2013; for 11:00 and 13:30 timing see WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 13:30, 20/09/1944

  113. For Lieutenant Macduff-Duncan’s involvement see The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Lieutenant Colin Edmund Macduff-Duncan’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/colin_macduff_duncan.htm, accessed 21/02/2014

  114. For Colonel Marrable’s reporting in person see WO 171/589 1st Airlanding Brigade War Diary, Appendix A, entry for 14:45, 20/09/1944

  115. See Brammall, The Tenth, p.72; and The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Lieutenant Joseph Winston Glover’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/pat_glover.htm, accessed 27/11/2013

  116. See Brammall, pp.72-73; and The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Major Peter E. Warr’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/peter_warr.htm, accessed 27/11/2013

  117. See The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Lieutenant Joseph Winston Glover’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/pat_glover.htm, accessed 27/11/2013

  118. Testimony from Private McEwan, 18 Platoon, D Company, 10th Parachute Battalion; cited in Brammall, p.79; Major Charles Frederick Ashcroft is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland, Plot 5, Row D, Grave 11

  119. See ibid., p.79

  120. See ibid., pp.72-73

  121. See WO 171/1247 156 Parachute Battalion War Diary, entries for 18:30 & 19:30, 20/09/1944

  122. See Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, pp.116-119; and WO 166/14933 1st Airlanding Light Regiment RA War Diary, entry for 11:00, 20/09/1944

  123. For 13:55 cancellation see Sikorski Institute AV 20/31/27 1st Polish Independent Parachute Brigade War Diary, entry for 13:55; for engine start time and cloud ceiling see Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, pp.119-120

  124. Testimony from 2nd Lieutenant Robert L. Cloer, 34th Troop Carrier Squadron, 315th Troop Carrier Group, 52nd Troop Carrier Wing; cited in Brinson, Airborne Troop Carrier, p.162

  125. See Brinson, p.163; and Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, p.120; return timing cited in Sikorski Institute AV 20/31/27 1st Polish Independent Parachute Brigade War Diary, entry for 17:00

  126. See Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, p.122

  127. See ibid., p.122

  128. See Middlebrook, pp.391-392; for contacts with Moor Park see WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 01:40, 19/09/1944; and WO 171/398 1 Airborne Division Signals War Diary, entry for 07:20, 20/09/1944

  129. See AIR 27/473 No. 48 Squadron Operations Record Book, entry for 20/09/1944

  130. For take-off timings and aircraft numbers see WO 171/2177 HQ Air Despatch Group RASC War Diary, entries for 13:00 and 15:55, 20/09/1944

  131. See Middlebrook, p.391; and The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Unit Histories Section ‘196 Squadron’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/batt_196.htm, accessed 18/12/2013

  132. Testimony from Warrant Officer Joseph Corless, RAF No. 299 Squadron; cited in Middlebrook, p.392

  133. Testimony from Warrant Officer Bernard Harvey, RAF No. 299 Squadron; cited in ibid., p.293

  134. See ibid., p.393; Pilot-Officer Karl Benjamin Ketcheson RCAF is interred in Brookwood Military Cemetery, Surrey, UK in Plot 55, Row C, Grave 8

  135. See WO 171/2177 HQ Air Despatch Group RASC War Diary, entry for 21:15, 20/09/1944

  136. See The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Unit Histories Section ‘295 Squadron’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/batt_295.htm, accessed 19/12/2013; Pilot-Officer Neil Banks Couper RNZAF in interred in Druten (Puiflijk) Roman Catholic Churchyard, Gelderland, Holland, Grave 1

  137. See The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Unit Histories Section ‘570 Squadron’, at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/batt_570.htm, accessed 19/12/2013

  138. Quoted from WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 14:06, 20/09/1944

  139. See WO 171/2177 HQ Air Despatch Group RASC War Diary, entry for 18:05, 20/09/1944

  140. See WO 171/2177 HQ Air Despatch Group RASC War Diary, entry for 15:55, 20/09/1944

  141. Testimony from Warrant Officer Arthur Batten, RAF No. 190 Squadron; cited in Middlebrook, p.392

  142. For container and pannier figures see The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Unit Histories Section ‘620 Squadron’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/batt_620.htm, accessed 19/12/2013

  143. See AIR 27/473 No. 48 Squadron Operations Record Book, entry for 20/09/1944

  144. Quotes from WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 17:00, 19/09/1944; and WO 171/400 1 Airborne Division RASC Airborne Element War Diary, entry for 15:00 [sic], 20/09/1944

  145. Timings and aircraft numbers cited in WO 171/2177 HQ Air Despatch Group RASC War Diary, entry for 23:59, 20/09/1944

  146. Se
e Frost, A Drop Too Many, pp.229-230; and The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Major Douglas Edward Crawley’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/doug_crawley.htm, accessed 21/12/2013

  147. See Middlebrook, p.311

  148. See WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entries for 14:40 & 15:45, 20/09/1944; and WO 171/398 1 Airborne Division Signals War Diary, entry for 14:00, 20/09/1944

  149. See Zwarts, p.56

  150. For details of Major Lewis’ wounds see Cherry, With Nothing Bigger Than A Bren Gun, p.21

  151. See WO 171/1509 1st Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entries for 14:00, 14:10 & 14:30, 20/09/1944; and Middlebrook, p.312

  152. Testimony from Lance-Sergeant Norman Swift, 1st Parachute Squadron RE; cited in Cherry, p.18

  153. WO 171/1509 1st Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entry for 14:30, 20/09/1944

  154. See Middlebrook, pp.312-313; WO 171/1509 1st Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entries for 14:45 & 14:55, 20/09/1944; and Cherry, p.20

  155. Testimony from anonymous member of 1st Parachute Squadron RE; cited in Middlebrook, pp.313-314

  156. For 15:10 timing see WO 171/1509 1st Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entry for 15:10, 20/09/1944; for other details see Middlebrook, p.314

  157. See WO 171/1509 1st Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entry for 20:00, 20/09/1944

  158. Testimony from Lance-Corporal Arthur Hendy, B Troop, 1st Parachute Squadron RE; cited in Cherry, p.20

  159. For timings see WO 171/1509 1st Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entries for 15:15 and 15:45, 20/09/1944; see also Ryan, pp.424-425; and The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Captain Eric Maclachan Mackay’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/eric_mackay.htm, accessed 24/12/2013

  160. Testimony from Signalman George Lawson, 1st Airborne Division Signals; cited in Middlebrook, pp.314-315. Private George MacDougall Waterston is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland Plot 20, Row B, Grave 17; the CWGC database cites his date of death as 18/09/1944

  161. Testimony from Private Kevin Heaney, Ordnance Field Parks RAOC, 1st Airborne Division; cited in Middlebrook, pp.315-316

 

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