27. See Verney, The Guards Armoured Division, p.106. Captain The Honourable Vicary Paul Gibbs is interred in Jonkerbos War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland Plot 22, Row G, Grave 4
28. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, Appendix A, Section II ‘Operations in the area Grave-Nijmegen – 17/20 Sep.’, Para. 17 ‘The capture of the Nijmegen bridges – 20th Sep.’; Verney, p.106; and LoFaro, p.371
29. See Nordyke, pp.120-122
30. The 16:20 start time is cited in MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, p.181
31. See for example Nordyke, pp.122-124
32. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, Appendix A, Section II ‘Operations in the area Grave-Nijmegen – 17/20 Sep.’, Para. 17 ‘The capture of the Nijmegen bridges – 20th Sep.’
33. See LoFaro, p.371; and Kershaw, It Never Snows in September, p.213
34. See Nordyke, p.144; and LoFaro, p.364
35. See Burriss, pp.121-123
36. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, Appendix A, Section II ‘Operations in the area Grave-Nijmegen – 17/20 Sep.’, Para. 17 ‘The capture of the Nijmegen bridges – 20th Sep.’; and LoFaro, p.366-367
37. Quoted from LoFaro, p.366
38. See ibid., p.366; and Ryan, p.416
39. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, Appendix A, Section II ‘Operations in the area Grave-Nijmegen – 17/20 Sep.’, Para. 17 ‘The capture of the Nijmegen bridges – 20th Sep.’; for a detailed account see Ryan, pp.416, 418-419
40. See LoFaro, pp.373-374
41. See Ryan, pp.417-418; and LoFaro, p.372
42. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, Appendix A, Section II ‘Operations in the area Grave-Nijmegen – 17/20 Sep.’, Para. 17 ‘The capture of the Nijmegen bridges – 20th Sep.’; and Wilson, The Ever Open Eye, pp.129-130
43. See Kershaw, pp.198, 212- 214
44. Figures cited in Nordyke, p.149
45. See Ryan, pp.421-422; and Burriss, pp.123-124
46. See Gavin, On to Berlin, pp.181-182
47. Quoted from Wilson, p.133
48. See Ryan, p.423
49. See Powell, The Devil’s Birthday, p.163
50. See LoFaro, pp.387-388
51. See Gavin, On to Berlin, pp.175-176
52. See MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, p.178; and LoFaro, pp.381-382
53. See Nordyke, All American All The Way, p.109; and LoFaro, The Sword of St. Michael, pp.382-384
54. See Gavin, On to Berlin, pp.176-177; MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, p.178; LoFaro, pp.384-386; and Nordyke, p.150
55. See Major B. F. Delamater, The Action of the 1st Battalion, 508th Parachute Infantry, pp.17-20; and Nordyke, pp.108-109, 117-118, 149-150
56. Testimony from Major Michael Forman, OC B Company, 7th Battalion The King’s Own Scottish Borderers; cited in Middlebrook, Arnhem 1944, p.284
57. Testimony from Lieutenant Dennis Kayne, commanding 8 Platoon, B Company, 156 Parachute Battalion; cited in ibid., p.285
58. Testimony from Lieutenant Dennis Noble, commander Medium Machine Gun Platoon, Support Company, 156 Parachute Battalion; cited in ibid.. p.285
59. For withdrawal timing see WO 171/1247 156 Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 13:00, 20/09/1944; for ‘troop stonk’ details see WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C, ‘Diary Kept by Brigadier J.W. Hackett, Commander 4th Parachute Brigade’, entry for 20/09/1944
60. See WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C, entry for 20/09/1944; and Middlebrook, pp.72, 283
61. Major Charles Neville Bruce Dawson and Captain George Minto Blundell are interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland in Plot 6, Row C, Grave 11 and Plot 27, Row B, Grave 7 respectively. Captain Gibbs was captured during the fight while Captain Wainright was cut off; he evaded capture and was instrumental in organising the evacuation of other evaders across the Lower Rhine via Operation PEGASUS on the night of 22-23 October 1944
62. Quoted from WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C, entry for 20/09/1944
63. See WO 171/1247 156 Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 13:00, 20/09/1944; and The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section Major Geoffrey Stewart Powell’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/geoffrey_powell.htm, accessed 31/10/2013
64. Testimony from Sergeant Andrew Thorburn, A Company, 156 Parachute Battalion; cited in Middlebrook, p.283. Lieutenant –Colonel Sir William Richard de Bacquencourt Des Vœux is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland Plot 6, Row C, Grave 10
65. See WO 171/1247 156 Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 13:00, 20/09/1944
66. See WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C, entry for 20/09/1944
67. See Urquhart, Arnhem, p.109
68. Major Michael Stuart Page is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland in Plot 28, Row B, Grave 7
69. Figures cited in WO 171/1247 156 Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 17:00, 20/09/1944
70. See WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C, entry for 20/09/1944
71. See for example Middlebrook, p.286
72. See WO 171/1247 156 Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 18:30, 20/09/1944
73. See WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 18:50, 20/09/1944; Urquhart, p.110; and WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C, entry for 20/09/1944;
74. See Green, 1st Battalion The Border Regiment, p.40
75. See ibid., p.42
76. For details & plates see Zwarts, German Armoured Units at Arnhem, pp.66, 69
77. See for example The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Guy Loder-Symonds at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/robert_loder_symonds.htm, accessed 02/12/2013. The above account erroneously refers to the Flammpanzer B2 (f) approaching from the direction of Arnhem to the east, whereas it was moving along the Utrechtseweg from the west
78. Quoted from WO 166/15077 1st Battalion The Border Regiment War Diary, entry for 20/09/1944
79. See Green, pp.41-42
80. See WO 171/1513 9th (Airborne) Field Company RE War Diary, entry for 20/09/1944
81. See WO 171/589 1st Airlanding Brigade War Diary, Appendix A, entry for 18:30, 20/09/1944
82. For timings see WO 171/397 HQ Royal Engineers War Diary, entries for 17:40 & 19:55, 20/09/1944; for Mackenzie’s presence see WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 18:00, 20/09/1944
83. See The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Captain Michael Douglas Green’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/michael_douglas_green.htm, accessed 07/12/2013.
84. Quoted from WO 171/397 HQ Royal Engineers War Diary, entry for 21:10, 20/09/1944
85. See The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Captain Michael Douglas Green’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/michael_douglas_green.htm, accessed 07/12/2013.
86. See WO 171/1511 4th Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, Appendix I, entries for 10:00 & 18:00, 20/09/1944; and Faulkner-Brown, A Sapper at Arnhem, p.55
87. Quoted from Urquhart, p.111
88. Quoted from Faulkner-Brown, p.56
89. See Urquhart, pp.111-112
90. See WO 171/398 1 Airborne Division Signals War Diary, entry for 12:00, 20/09/1944
91. For timings see WO 171/1511 4th Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entries for 11:10 & 15:15, 20/09/1944
92. See Faulkner-Brown, p.56
93. See WO 171/1511 4th Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entry for 19:00, 20/09/1944
94. See WO 171/1248 21st Independent Parachute Company War Diary, entry for 20/09/1944; and Kent, First In!, pp.109-110
95. See WO 171/1323 7th Battalion King’s Own Scottish Borderers War Diary, entries for 13:00-19:00 & 19:00-24:00, 20/09/1944
97. Testimony from Captain Frank King, OC Support Company, 11th Parachute Battalion; cited in Middlebrook, pp.333-334
98. See WO 171/1244 11th Parachute Battalion War Diary, Appendix A, entry for 20/09/1944
99. Lieutenant Leslie Arthur Curtis has no known grave and is commemorated on the Groesbeek Memorial, Panel 8
100. For Lance-Sergeant Baskeyfield’s VC citation see for example The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Lance-Sergeant John Daniel Baskeyfield’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/john_baskeyfield.htm, accessed 18/12/2013; Lance-Sergeant John Daniel Baskeyfield has no known grave and is commemorated on the Groesbeek Memorial, Panel 5
101. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entries for 15:00, 16:30 & 19:00, 20/09/1944; and WO 171/1238 3rd Parachute Battalion War Diary, entries for 16:00, 18:00 & 18:30, 20/09/1944
102. See WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 18:15, 20/09/1944; and WO 171/589 1st Airlanding Brigade War Diary, Appendix A, entries for 15:00 & 19:20, 20/09/1944
103. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entries for 19:00 & 20:30, 20/09/1944; WO 171/1238 3rd Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 18:45, 20/09/1944; and WO 171/1244 11th Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 20/09/1944
104. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 20:30, 20/09/1944; and WO 171/1238 3rd Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for Night Sept 20/21’, 20/09/1944
105. See WO 171/1244 11th Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 20/09/1944; WO 171/589 1st Airlanding Brigade War Diary, Appendix A, entry for 19:20, 20/09/1944; and Middlebrook, p.336
106. For Lonsdale comment see WO 171/1238 3rd Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 12:30, 20/09/1944
107. See ‘Report on Operation ‘MARKET’ by Major S.M. Frazer, RAMC 181 Air Landing Field Ambulance’, entry for 19/09/1944; cited at The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Major S. M. Frazer’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/sm_frazer.htm, accessed 21/11/2013; see also Mawson, Arnhem Doctor, p.72
108. See Mawson, pp.86-87; and Middlebrook, pp.336-337
109. Quoted from Mawson, p.87. Captain The Reverend Bernard Joseph Benson died on 27/09/1944; he is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland Plot 4, Row B, Grave 10
110. See ‘Report on Operation ‘MARKET’ by Major S. M. Frazer, RAMC 181 Air Landing Field Ambulance’, entry for 20/09/1944; cited at The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Major S. M. Frazer’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/sm_frazer.htm, accessed 21/11/2013; ibid., Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Trevor Marrable’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/arthur_marrable.htm, accessed 23/11/2013; and Mawson, pp.87-91
111. Quoted from Mawson, p.91
112. For 12:00 timing see ‘Report on Operation ‘MARKET’ by Major S. M. Frazer, RAMC 181 Air Landing Field Ambulance’, entry for 20/09/1944; cited at The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Major S.M. Frazer’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/sm_frazer.htm, accessed 21/11/2013; for 11:00 and 13:30 timing see WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 13:30, 20/09/1944
113. For Lieutenant Macduff-Duncan’s involvement see The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Lieutenant Colin Edmund Macduff-Duncan’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/colin_macduff_duncan.htm, accessed 21/02/2014
114. For Colonel Marrable’s reporting in person see WO 171/589 1st Airlanding Brigade War Diary, Appendix A, entry for 14:45, 20/09/1944
115. See Brammall, The Tenth, p.72; and The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Lieutenant Joseph Winston Glover’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/pat_glover.htm, accessed 27/11/2013
116. See Brammall, pp.72-73; and The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Major Peter E. Warr’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/peter_warr.htm, accessed 27/11/2013
117. See The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Lieutenant Joseph Winston Glover’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/pat_glover.htm, accessed 27/11/2013
118. Testimony from Private McEwan, 18 Platoon, D Company, 10th Parachute Battalion; cited in Brammall, p.79; Major Charles Frederick Ashcroft is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland, Plot 5, Row D, Grave 11
119. See ibid., p.79
120. See ibid., pp.72-73
121. See WO 171/1247 156 Parachute Battalion War Diary, entries for 18:30 & 19:30, 20/09/1944
122. See Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, pp.116-119; and WO 166/14933 1st Airlanding Light Regiment RA War Diary, entry for 11:00, 20/09/1944
123. For 13:55 cancellation see Sikorski Institute AV 20/31/27 1st Polish Independent Parachute Brigade War Diary, entry for 13:55; for engine start time and cloud ceiling see Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, pp.119-120
124. Testimony from 2nd Lieutenant Robert L. Cloer, 34th Troop Carrier Squadron, 315th Troop Carrier Group, 52nd Troop Carrier Wing; cited in Brinson, Airborne Troop Carrier, p.162
125. See Brinson, p.163; and Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, p.120; return timing cited in Sikorski Institute AV 20/31/27 1st Polish Independent Parachute Brigade War Diary, entry for 17:00
126. See Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, p.122
127. See ibid., p.122
128. See Middlebrook, pp.391-392; for contacts with Moor Park see WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 01:40, 19/09/1944; and WO 171/398 1 Airborne Division Signals War Diary, entry for 07:20, 20/09/1944
129. See AIR 27/473 No. 48 Squadron Operations Record Book, entry for 20/09/1944
130. For take-off timings and aircraft numbers see WO 171/2177 HQ Air Despatch Group RASC War Diary, entries for 13:00 and 15:55, 20/09/1944
131. See Middlebrook, p.391; and The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Unit Histories Section ‘196 Squadron’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/batt_196.htm, accessed 18/12/2013
132. Testimony from Warrant Officer Joseph Corless, RAF No. 299 Squadron; cited in Middlebrook, p.392
133. Testimony from Warrant Officer Bernard Harvey, RAF No. 299 Squadron; cited in ibid., p.293
134. See ibid., p.393; Pilot-Officer Karl Benjamin Ketcheson RCAF is interred in Brookwood Military Cemetery, Surrey, UK in Plot 55, Row C, Grave 8
135. See WO 171/2177 HQ Air Despatch Group RASC War Diary, entry for 21:15, 20/09/1944
136. See The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Unit Histories Section ‘295 Squadron’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/batt_295.htm, accessed 19/12/2013; Pilot-Officer Neil Banks Couper RNZAF in interred in Druten (Puiflijk) Roman Catholic Churchyard, Gelderland, Holland, Grave 1
137. See The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Unit Histories Section ‘570 Squadron’, at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/batt_570.htm, accessed 19/12/2013
138. Quoted from WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 14:06, 20/09/1944
139. See WO 171/2177 HQ Air Despatch Group RASC War Diary, entry for 18:05, 20/09/1944
140. See WO 171/2177 HQ Air Despatch Group RASC War Diary, entry for 15:55, 20/09/1944
141. Testimony from Warrant Officer Arthur Batten, RAF No. 190 Squadron; cited in Middlebrook, p.392
142. For container and pannier figures see The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Unit Histories Section ‘620 Squadron’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/batt_620.htm, accessed 19/12/2013
143. See AIR 27/473 No. 48 Squadron Operations Record Book, entry for 20/09/1944
144. Quotes from WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 17:00, 19/09/1944; and WO 171/400 1 Airborne Division RASC Airborne Element War Diary, entry for 15:00 [sic], 20/09/1944
145. Timings and aircraft numbers cited in WO 171/2177 HQ Air Despatch Group RASC War Diary, entry for 23:59, 20/09/1944
146. Se
e Frost, A Drop Too Many, pp.229-230; and The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Major Douglas Edward Crawley’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/doug_crawley.htm, accessed 21/12/2013
147. See Middlebrook, p.311
148. See WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entries for 14:40 & 15:45, 20/09/1944; and WO 171/398 1 Airborne Division Signals War Diary, entry for 14:00, 20/09/1944
149. See Zwarts, p.56
150. For details of Major Lewis’ wounds see Cherry, With Nothing Bigger Than A Bren Gun, p.21
151. See WO 171/1509 1st Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entries for 14:00, 14:10 & 14:30, 20/09/1944; and Middlebrook, p.312
152. Testimony from Lance-Sergeant Norman Swift, 1st Parachute Squadron RE; cited in Cherry, p.18
153. WO 171/1509 1st Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entry for 14:30, 20/09/1944
154. See Middlebrook, pp.312-313; WO 171/1509 1st Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entries for 14:45 & 14:55, 20/09/1944; and Cherry, p.20
155. Testimony from anonymous member of 1st Parachute Squadron RE; cited in Middlebrook, pp.313-314
156. For 15:10 timing see WO 171/1509 1st Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entry for 15:10, 20/09/1944; for other details see Middlebrook, p.314
157. See WO 171/1509 1st Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entry for 20:00, 20/09/1944
158. Testimony from Lance-Corporal Arthur Hendy, B Troop, 1st Parachute Squadron RE; cited in Cherry, p.20
159. For timings see WO 171/1509 1st Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entries for 15:15 and 15:45, 20/09/1944; see also Ryan, pp.424-425; and The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Captain Eric Maclachan Mackay’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/eric_mackay.htm, accessed 24/12/2013
160. Testimony from Signalman George Lawson, 1st Airborne Division Signals; cited in Middlebrook, pp.314-315. Private George MacDougall Waterston is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland Plot 20, Row B, Grave 17; the CWGC database cites his date of death as 18/09/1944
161. Testimony from Private Kevin Heaney, Ordnance Field Parks RAOC, 1st Airborne Division; cited in Middlebrook, pp.315-316
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