85. See WO 171/1247 156 Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 14:00, 21/09/1944
86. See The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Lieutenant Joseph Winston Glover’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/pat_glover.htm, accessed 01/03/2014
87. See WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C, entry for 21/09/1944
88. See Middlebrook, p.344
89. See Mawson, Arnhem Doctor, p.95
90. See Kershaw, pp.235, 238
91. See Brammall, The Tenth, p.83
92. Testimony from Rottenführer Wolfgang Dombrowski, SS Panzer Pionier Abteilung 9, 9 SS Panzer Division; cited in Kershaw, p.239
93. See Middlebrook, p.344; Kershaw, p.239; and The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Lieutenant Joseph Winston Glover’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/pat_glover.htm, accessed 02/03/2014
94. See WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 18:40, 21/09/1944
95. Testimony from Lance-Corporal George Wyllie, 10th Parachute Battalion; cited in Brammall, p.84
96. Testimony from Major Francis Lindley, OC Support Company, 10th Parachute Battalion; cited in ibid., p.84. Lieutenant Peter Argent Saunders is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland in Plot 27, Row A, Grave 6
97. See account by Mrs Bertje Voskuil; cited in Middlebrook, pp.345-346. Lieutenant-Colonel Kenneth Bowes Inman Smyth and Private Albert Willingham are interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland in Plot 18, Row B, Grave 8 and Plot 27, Row A, Grave 10 respectively
98. See Testimony from QM Lieutenant Joseph Winston Glover, HQ Company, 10th Parachute Battalion; cited in Brammall, pp.83-84. See also The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Lieutenant Joseph Winston Glover’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/pat_glover.htm, accessed 02/03/2014
99. See WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C, entry for 21/09/1944; WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entries for 19:05 & 20:10, 21/09/1944; Urquhart, p.129; and WO 171/1059 64 Medium Regiment RA War Diary, entries for 19:45 & 19:58, 21/09/1944
100. See WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C, entries for 21/09/1944 & 22/09/1944
101. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entries for 09:00 & 11:30-13:00, 21/09/1944. Lieutenant Alastair Duncan Clarkson is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland in Plot 6, Row A, Grave 11; the CWGC database cites his date of death as 22/09/1944
102. See WO 166/14933 1st Airlanding Light Regiment RA War Diary, entries for 11:00 & 12:00, 21/09/1944; and Middlebrook, p.343. Lieutenant Keith Creighton Halliday is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland in Plot 2, Row B, Grave 8; the CWGC database cites his date of death as 23/09/1944
103. See WO 171/1375 2nd Battalion South Staffordshire Regiment War Diary, Appendix: ‘2nd South Staffords at Arnhem 17-25 Sept 1944’
104. Testimony from Major Robert Cain, OC B Company, 2nd Battalion The South Staffordshire Regiment; cited in Middlebrook, p.344
105. See The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Major Robert Henry Cain’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/robert_cain.htm, accessed 05/03/2014; and Middlebrook, pp.343-344
106. See WO 166/14933 1st Airlanding Light Regiment RA War Diary, entries for 11:00, 15:00 & 16:00, 21/09/1944
Chapter 16
1. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 11:00, 21/09/1944; and WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 12:44, 21/09/1944
2. See Middlebrook, p.393; and WO 171/2177 HQ Air Despatch Group RASC War Diary, entries for 10:25 and 11:30, 21/09/1944
3. For take-off timings and aircraft numbers see WO 171/2177 HQ Air Despatch Group RASC War Diary, entry for 14:30, 21/09/1944
4. See Middlebrook, p.393; and AIR 27/473 No. 48 Squadron Operations Record Book, entry for 21/09/1944
5. See AIR 27/473 No. 48 Squadron Operations Record Book, entry for 21/09/1944
6. See Middlebrook, p.394; for details of US 8th Air Force bombing raids see Combat Chronology of the US Army Air Force, September 1944, entry for Thursday 21 September, European Theatre of Operations (ETO), at http://paul.rutgers.edu/~mcgrew/wwii/usaf/html/Sep.44.html, accessed 11/03/2014
7. Quoted from AIR 27/473 No. 48 Squadron Operations Record Book, entry for 21/09/1944
8. RCAF Warrant-Officer David Arthur Webb and his co-pilot Flight-Sergeant Dennis Hardy Ralph Plear are interred in Zeeland Roman Catholic Churchyard, Nord Brabant, Netherlands in Joint Grave 1; Warrant-Officer Gordon Birlison in interred in Uden War Cemetery, Nord Brabant, Netherlands in Plot 1, Row I, Grave 13. The fourth member of the crew, Pilot-Officer R. C. Clarke, does not appear in the CWGC database
9. See Middlebrook, p.395; AIR 27/473 No. 48 Squadron Operations Record Book, entry for 21/09/1944; AIR 27/1574 No. 271 Squadron Operations Record Book, entry for 21/09/1944; and WO 171/589 1st Airlanding Brigade War Diary, Appendix A, entry for 14:45, 21/09/1944.
10. For Edwards details see Middlebrook, p.395; and Royal Air Force Commands, Hugh A. Halliday, ‘Arnhem and ‘”Jimmy” Edwards’ at http://www.rafcommands.com/archive/20086.php, accessed 11/03/2014; for No. 48 Squadron details see AIR 27/473 No. 48 Squadron Operations Record Book, entry for 21/09/1944
11. See WO 171/2177 HQ Air Despatch Group RASC War Diary, entry for 18:15 to 20:15, 21/09/1944
12. See Urquhart, Arnhem, p.127
13. See Sikorski Institute AV 20/31/27 1st Polish Independent Parachute Brigade War Diary, entry for 09:00, 21/09/1944; and Sosabowski, Freely I Served, pp.156-158. According to Middlebrook, a copy of the signal is held in the Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum, London: see Middlebrook, pp.402-403
14. See WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entries for 15:05, 20/09/1944 and 04:15, 05:45 & 06:45, 21/09/1944
15. See WO 171/398 1 Airborne Division Signals War Diary, entry for 03:45, 21/09/1944
16. See Middlebrook, p.403; and Brinson, Airborne Troop Carrier, p.142
17. See Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, p.127; for visibility and cloud ceiling see Brinson, p.141
18. Testimony from 2nd Lieutenant Robert L. Cloer, 34th Troop Carrier Squadron, 315th Troop Carrier Group; cited in Brinson, p.164; see also ibid., p.142
19. Testimony from Flight-Officer Robert O. Cook, 43rd Troop Carrier Squadron, 315th Troop Carrier Group; cited in Brinson, p.166
20. Testimony from 2nd Lieutenant Charles Voegelin, 43rd Troop Carrier Squadron, 315th Troop Carrier Wing; cited in ibid., p.165; and Middlebrook, p.403
21. See ibid., pp.164, 165
22. Figures cited in Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, p.132
23. See Combat Chronology of the US Army Air Force, September 1944, entry for Thursday 21 September, European Theatre of Operations (ETO), at http://paul.rutgers.edu/~mcgrew/wwii/usaf/html/Sep.44.html, accessed 17/03/2014
24. See Middlebrook, p.403
25. For 957 figure see Sikorski Institute AV 20/31/27 1st Polish Independent Parachute Brigade War Diary, entry for 17:18, 21/09/1944; for timing see Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, p.139
26. Quotes from 1st Lieutenant Oliver J. Smith and 2nd Lieutenant James R. Wilson, 310th Troop Carrier Squadron, 315th Troop Carrier Group; cited in Brinson, pp.168, 176-177
27. Quotes from Lieutenant-Colonel Henry G. Hamby and 1st Lieutenant Monroe Zartman, 310th Troop Carrier Squadron, 315th Troop Carrier Group; cited in Brinson, pp.173-174
28. See testimony from 1st Lieutenant Oliver J. Smith, 310th Troop Carrier Squadron, 315th Troop Carrier Group; cited in ibid., p.168
29. See ibid., p.142
30. See ibid., pp.142-144
31. See testimony from 1st Lieutenant Oliver J. Smith and 2nd Lieutenant Richard T. Ford, 310th Troop Carrier Squadron, 315th Troop Carrier Group; cited in ibid., pp.168-172
32. Testimony from Lieutenant-Colonel Henry G. Hamby, Commanding Officer, 310th Troop Carrier Squadron, 315th Troop Carrier G
roup; cited in ibid., p.173
33. Testimony from Flight-Officer Robert O. Cook, 43rd Troop Carrier Squadron, 315th Troop Carrier Group; cited in ibid., pp.167-168
34. See Cholewczynski, pp.137, 139
35. Quote from Ryan, A Bridge Too Far, p.446; and Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, p.138
36. Quoted from Sosabowski, p.161
37. Testimony from Lance-Corporal Bazyli Borowik, Medical Company, 1st Independent Polish Parachute Brigade; cited in Middlebrook, p.404
38. See Sosabowski, p.162; also cited in Ryan, pp.447-448
39. See Kershaw, It Never Snows in September, pp.246-247
40. See Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, pp.139-140
41. The 1st Battalion went into Operation MARKET with 354 men, the 2nd Battalion with 351 and the 3rd Battalion with 374; figures cited in Middlebrook, Appendix 2: ‘Order of Battle, Polish Independent Parachute Brigade Group’, p.461
42. See Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, pp.143-144
43. See Sikorski Institute AV 20/31/27 1st Polish Independent Parachute Brigade War Diary, entry for 17:18, 21/09/1944; see also Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, footnote, p.142; and Middlebrook, p.405
44. See Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, pp.140-141; Middlebrook, pp.405-406; and Truesdale, Brotherhood of the Cauldron, p.119
45. Testimony from Lieutenant Stefan Kaczmarek, Brigade Quartermaster, 1st Polish Independent Parachute Brigade; cited in Middlebrook, p.406
46. See Sikorski Institute AV 20/31/27 1st Polish Independent Parachute Brigade War Diary, entry for 21:00, 21/09/1944
47. See WO 171/398 1 Airborne Division Signals War Diary, entry for 17:15, 20/09/1944; and Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, pp.146-147
48. See WO 166/14933 1st Airlanding Light Regiment RA War Diary, entry for 22:00, 21/09/1944; Sikorski Institute AV 20/31/27 1st Polish Independent Parachute Brigade War Diary, entries for 22:30 & 24:00, 21/09/1944; Middlebrook, p.407; and Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, p.148
49. See Reynolds, Sons of the Reich, p.133; and Kershaw, Appendix B ‘The German Order of Battle During Operation Market Garden 17-26 Sep’, Table ‘Build Up of Kampfgruppe 10SS For Defence of Nijmegen and Betuwe ‘”The Island” S. Of Arnhem 18-21 Sep 44’, pp.331-332
50. See Zwarts, German Armoured Units at Arnhem, p.18
51. See Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, p.158
52. See Kershaw, p.244; and Reynolds, pp.156-158
53. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, ‘Section V – Operations on the Island 21 to 26 September’, Para. 44 ‘30 Corps orders for 21 Sep’
54. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, ‘Section V – Operations on the Island 21 to 26 September’, Para. 45 ‘Gds Armd Div fails to break through 21 Sep’
55. See Ryan, p.431
56. See LoFaro, The Sword of St. Michael, p.391; and Royal Artillery Units Netherlands 1944-1945 website, ‘153rd (Leicestershire Yeomanry) Field Regiment’ web page entry for 21/09/1944 at http://www.royalartilleryunitsnetherlands1944-1945.com/153-field-regiment.html, accessed 08/10/2016
57. See Verney, The Guards Armoured Division, p.104
58. See Wilson, The Ever Open Eye, pp.130-131
59. For 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment perimeter see LoFaro, p.389; unsuitability quote from Lieutenant-Colonel Giles Vandeleur, commanding the 2nd (Armoured) Battalion Irish Guards; cited in Ryan, p.431; see also ibid., p.423
60. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, ‘Section V – Operations on the Island 21 to 26 September’, Para. 45 ‘Gds Armd Div fails to break through 21 Sep’; and Roden Orde, The Household Cavalry at War website, ‘14 Days in September’ web page at http://daimler-fighting-vehicles.co.uk/14%20Days%20in%20September.pdf, accessed 10/10/2016
61. See Kershaw, pp.214-215
62. Quote from Brigadeführer Heinz Harmel cited in Kershaw, p.215
63. For timings see Kershaw, Appendix B ‘The German Order of Battle During Operation Market Garden 17-26 Sep’, Table ‘Build Up of Kampfgruppe 10SS For Defence of Nijmegen and Betuwe ‘”The Island” S. Of Arnhem 18-21 Sep 44’, pp.331-332; for vehicle strength of II Bataillon SS Panzer Regiment 10 see Zwarts, Table ‘10.SS-Panzer-Division “Frundsberg”’, p.4
64. Quoted from Wilson, p.133
65. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, ‘Section V – Operations on the Island 21 to 26 September’, Para. 45 ‘Gds Armd Div fails to break through 21 Sep’
66. Ressen is given as Bessen in the Guards Armoured Division history.
67. Quote cited in Ryan, p.433
68. See LoFaro, p.391; and CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, ‘Section V – Operations on the Island 21 to 26 September’, Para. 45 ‘Gds Armd Div fails to break through 21 Sep’; for artillery ammunition shortage see Para. 48 ‘43 Div breaks through – 22 Sep’
69. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, ‘Section V – Operations on the Island 21 to 26 September’, Para. 45 ‘Gds Armd Div fails to break through 21 Sep’; and Ryan, p.434
70. See for example Verney, pp.109-110; and Ryan, pp.432-435
71. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, ‘Section V – Operations on the Island 21 to 26 September’, Para. 45 ‘Gds Armd Div fails to break through 21 Sep’
72. Quoted from Ryan, p.434
73. Quoted from Verney, p.110
74. Quote from Reynolds, p.158
75. The Guards Armoured Division semi-official history only mentions a single company, commanded by Major J.S.O. Haslewood, being involved in an attempted right-flanking movement; see Verney, pp.109-110
76. See Zwarts, p.53
77. See Ryan, pp.423, 435
78. See Wilson, p.182
79. Testimony from Lieutenant John Reginald Gorman MC, 2nd (Armoured) Battalion Irish Guards; quoted in Ryan, p.435
80. For withdrawal order see WO 171/589 1st Airlanding Brigade War Diary, entry for 16:00, 21/09/1944; for 7th KOSB strength see WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 18:05, 21/09/1944
81. See WO 171/1323 7th Battalion King’s Own Scottish Borderers War Diary, entry for 16:30, 21/09/1944 WO 171/1248 21st Independent Parachute Company War Diary, entry for 21/09/1944; and WO 171/1511 4th Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, Appendix I, entry for 18:30, 21/09/1944
82. See WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, Appendix: Report of Operation ‘Market’; Part 1 Outline of Operations, entry for 22 Sep – 24 Sep; Urquhart, pp.131-132; and WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C, entry for 21/09/1944. There is no specific mention of the conference in the Division HQ War Diary
83. See WO 171/1248 21st Independent Parachute Company War Diary, entry for 21/09/1944; according to the 1st Airlanding Brigade records the order was issued at 21:52 and the contraction was ordered at 22:00, but these timings appear to be in error given that the 7th KOSB began moving to its new location at 21:30; see WO 171/589 1st Airlanding Brigade War Diary, Appendix A, entries for 21:52 & 22:00, 21/09/1944
84. See WO 171/1323 7th Battalion King’s Own Scottish Borderers War Diary, entries for 18:00 to 21:30 and 21:30, 21/09/1944
85. See WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entries for 18:40 & 20:10, 21/09/1944; WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C, entries for 21/09/1944 and 22/09/1944; and Urquhart, p.129
86. See WO 171/1238 3rd Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 15:30, 21/09/1944; and WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 16:00, 21/09/1944
87. For reference to the artillery barrage see WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 16:00, 21/09/1944; for Airlanding Light Regiment involvement see WO 171/589 1st Airlanding Brigade War Diary, Appendix A, entry for 15:15, 20/09/1944; for possible 64th Medium Regiment see WO 171/1059 64 Medium Regiment RA War Diary, entry for 15:15, 21/09/1944
88. Quoted from The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biogr
aphies Section ‘Major Richard Thomas Henry Lonsdale’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/dickie_lonsdale.htm, accessed 30/03/2014. Major Lonsdale reprised his performance in the 1945 film of the battle Theirs is the Glory, and the door he pencilled the speech onto as a crib was displayed in the Airborne Museum ‘Hartenstein’ in Oosterbeek
89. Quoted from Middlebrook, p.336
90. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entries for 16:00 & 21:00, 21/09/1944; and WO 171/1238 3rd Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 15:30 onward, 21/09/1944. Captain Geoffrey Richard Dorrien-Smith is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland, Plot 6, Row A, Grave 10
91. Testimony from Sturmann Alfred Ziegler, SS Panzerjäger Abteilung 9; cited in Kershaw, pp.240-241
92. See Kershaw, p.228
Chapter 17
1. See Sikorski Institute AV 20/31/27 1st Polish Independent Parachute Brigade War Diary, entry for 01:00, 22/09/1944; and WO 171/1513 9th (Airborne) Field Company RE War Diary, entry for 20:00, 21/09/1944
2. See Sikorski Institute AV 20/31/27 1st Polish Independent Parachute Brigade War Diary, entries for 02:00, 03:00 & 05:30, 22/09/1944; and Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, pp.150-151
3. Quoted from Urquhart, Arnhem, p.133; for timings see WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 05:15, 22/09/1944; see also Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, p.150
4. See WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entries for 06:17 & 07:40, 22/09/1944
5. See Urquhart, p.134
6. See Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, pp.153, 155; the Polish Brigade War Diary makes no mention of any pre-dawn departure but does refer to an officer-led reconnaissance patrol being despatched toward Elst at 10:00, around two hours after the British vehicles reached Driel. The disparity is presumably due to the War Diary being typed up at some point after the event; see Sikorski Institute AV 20/31/27 1st Polish Independent Parachute Brigade War Diary, entry for 10:00, 22/09/1944
7. Attack timing cited in WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 11:20, 22/09/1944
8. See Sikorski Institute AV 20/31/27 1st Polish Independent Parachute Brigade War Diary, entry for 10:00, 22/09/1944. There is no mention of the encounter with the Polish patrol in Captain Wrottesley’s account of the journey to Driel; see Ryan, A Bridge Too Far, pp.460-461
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