Frazer, Sir J. G., The Golden Bough (Third Edition), London, I932–5. Aftermath, London, 1936.
Graves, Robert, The White Goddess, London, 1961.
Grattan and Singer, Anglo-Saxon Medicine and Magic, London, 1952.
Hays, H. R., From Ape to Angel, London, 1959.
Hill, Christopher, Intellectual Origins of the English Revolution, London, 1965.
Hole, Christina, English Folklore, London, 1940.
Innocent, C. F., The Development of English Building Construction, Cambridge, 1916.
Jenkins, J. G. (Editor), Folk Life, Journal of the Society for Folk Life Studies, St Fagans Castle, Cardiff.
Jung, C. G., The Integration of the Personality, London, 1940. Essays on Contemporary Events, London, 1947. Symbols of Transformation, London, 1956. The Practice of Psychotherapy, London, 1954.
Jung and Kerenyi, Essays on a Science of Mythology, New York, 1963.
Kerenyi, C, Prometheus, London, 1963.
Leather, E. M., The Folklore of Herefordshire, London, 1912.
Lethbridge, T. C, Witches: Investigating an Ancient Religion, London, 1964.
Levy-Bruhl, L., How Natives Think, London, 1926.
Madge, Charles, Society in the Mind: Elements of Social Eidos, London, 1964.
Malinowski, B., Magic, Science, and Religion, London, 1925. The Argonauts of the Pacific, London, 1953.
Mellor, Alec, Our Separated Brethren the Freemasons (Translated by B. R. Feinson), London, 1964.
Murray, A. H. (Editor), Myth and Mythmaking, New York, 1960.
Murray, M. A., The Witch-Cult in Western Europe, London, 1963. The God of the Witches, London, 1933. The Divine King in England, London, 1954.
Owen, Trefor, M., Welsh Folk Customs, Cardiff, 1959.
Peate, Iorwerth C, The Welsh House, Liverpool, 1946. (Editor), Gwerin, St Fagans Castle, Cardiff, 1956–62.
Radford, E. and M. A., Encyclopaedia of Superstitions (Revised and Edited by Christina Hole), London, 1961.
Sewell, Elizabeth, The Orphic Voice, London, 1961.
Spence, Lewis, An Encyclopaedia of Occultism, London, 1920.
Turville-Petre, E. O. G., Myth and Religion of the North, London, 1964.
Vansina, Jan, Oral Tradition, (Translated from the French by H. M. Wright), Chicago, 1965.
Weber, Max, Essays in Sociology, London, 1961.
Wilhelm, Richard (Translator), The Secret of the Golden Flower. London, 1957, with a commentary by C. G. Jung.
Whistler, Lawrence, The English Festivals, London, 1947.
White, Lyn, Jr., Medieval Technology and Social Change, London, 1962.
Index
Abergele, 1
Aldeburgh, 1
Alexander, banking family, 1
All Hallows Eve, 1
Alva, Duke of, 1
Anglo-Saxons, their heavy plough, 1
Arable farming, 1; difference between arable and grass farming, 1;
relation of customs to, 1;
richness of customs connected with, 1, 2;
Scotland and E. Anglia, 1
Archer, barley, 1
Aristotle, 1
Aubrey, John, 1
Australia, 1, 2
Azzi, G., 1
Bacton, 1
Barbour, John, 1, 2
Barclays Bank, 1
Barley, cultivation of, 1
Barton Mere, 1
Battisford, 1
Bay-tree, 1
Beecham, Miss H. A., 1, 2
Bellarmine Jar, 1, 2
Beyton, 1
Bildeston, 1, 2
Black Death, 1
Blaxhall, 1, 2
Bloch, Marc, 1, 2
Borrow, George, 1
Bothy Ballads, 1
Bradfield Combust, 1
Bungay, 1
Burckhardt, J., 1
Burgate, 1
Bury St Edmunds, 1, 2
Cambridge, Folk Museum, 1
Cambridge University, Board of Extra Mural Studies, 1;
Christ’s College, 1; Metallurgical Labs., 1
Cambridgeshire, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
Candlemas, 1
Carmarthenshire, 1
Carpenters’ Marks, 1
Caspian Sea, 1
Celtic Year, 1
Charles II, 1
Chaucer, 1
Chediston, 1
Cheshire, 1
Chester 1
Chevallier, barley, 1
China, 1
Church, the, 1; use of pagan symbols, 1, 2, 3
Clarke Grahame, 1
Clebert, J. P., 1
Clovis, King, 1
Coldham Hall, Suffolk, 1
Corn Dolly, 1
Corn Production Act, 1
Greeting, 1
Crown glass, 1
Culpepper, 1, 2
Davidson, T. D., 1, 2, 3
Debenham, 1
Dent, A. A., 1, 2, 3
Dent, G., 1
Devil’s Dyke, 1
Devil’s Finger, 1
Devil’s Toe-Nail, 1
Devon, 1
Dialect, East Anglian, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Diana, 1; link with moon, 1
Doors, opposite doors in house, 1
Dorset, 1
Dragon’s Blood, 1, 2
Drawing Match, 1
Drawing Oils, 1
Dryden, 1
Dunbar, W., 1
East Anglia, extent of region, 1; typical house, 1;
merchant marks, 1;
elder taboo, 1;
hearths, 1;
beliefs and customs, 1;
wells, 1;
climate, 1;
customs relating to cattle, 1;
et passim
Eden, Peter, 1
Egypt, 1
Elder, the, 1
Eliade, Mircea, 1
Elizabeth, I, 1, 2
Ely, 1
Epona, 1, 2
Essex, 1; north E., 1;
dialect, 1;
houses, 1, 2, 3
Evans, E. Estyn, 1, 2, 3
Eye, the All-Seeing, 1; eye as amulet, 1;
eye and the hagstone, 1;
Evil Eye, 1, 2
Eye (Suffolk), 1, 2
Fairy Loaf, the (pharisee 1.), 1
Fens, the, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Finningham, 1
Fleam Dyke, 1
First Nail, 1
Fison, 1
Fitzherbert, 1
Folk-life, 1, 2, et passim
Folk Life, journal, 1
Folklore, 1, 2
Framsden, the Hall, 1, 2; the village, 1
Frazer, Sir J., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Freemasons, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Freud, S., 1
Friday, 1
Frog’s or toad’s bone, 1; ritual, 1
Furrow, the primal, 1
Garrett of Leiston, 1
Gaul, 1, 2
Gazeley, 1, 2
Gepp. Edward, 1
Germany, 1, 2
Gibbon, Edward, 1, 2
Girling, F. A., 1
Glamorgan, 1, 2
Glanvil, Jos., 1
Golden Bough, the, 1
Graves, Robert, 1, 2, 3, 4
Great Bradley Church, 1
Greece, 1, 2, 3
Gregory, Pope, 1
Guilds, Craftsman’s, 1
Gurney, banking family, 1
Gwerin, folk-life journal, 1
Gypsies, 1, 2
Hadleigh, 1, 2
Hag-stone, or holed flint, 1
Harvest Lord, 1
Hell-Fire Club, 1
Helmingham, 1, 2
Hemingstone, Old Hall, 1
Henryson, R., 1
Herefordshire, 1, 2, 3, 4
Herrick, R., 1, 2
Hide, of land, 1
Hill, Christopher, 1
Hippomanes, 1
Hodening Horse, the, 1
Hole, Christina, 1, 2
Holly, 1
Hopkins, Matthew, 1
> Horse, Suffolk h., 1, 2; Appaloosa h., 1;
Przevalski’s h., 1;
h. beliefs, 1, 2, 3;
sense of smell, 1, 2, 3;
cave drawings of h., 1;
sacred character of h., 1;
h. sacrifice, 1
Horsemen, farm, 1, 2, 3, 4; control of horses, 1;
trade union, 1;
h’s notebook, 1, 2
Horseman’s Oath, 1
Horseman’s Society, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Hoskins, W. G., 1, 2, 3
Iceni, 1
Icknield Way, 1
India, 1
Initiation ritual, 1, 2, 3
Innocent, C. F., 1
Ipswich, 1, 2, 3, 4
Ipswich Journal, The, 1, 2, 3, 4
Ireland, 1, 2, 3, 4
Iron, as amulet, 1, 2, 3; scarcity in early times, 1
Italy, 1
Ixworth, 1
Jack’s Land, 1
Jading oils and substances, 1
Jung, C. G., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Juvenal, 1
Kent, 1
Knoll, 1
Lambeth, R. C., 1, 2, 3
Lammas, 1
Largesse, 1
Lascaux, 1
Lavenham, 1, 2
Lawrence, D. H., 1
Leather, Mrs E. M., 1
Leechdoms, Anglo-Saxon, 1, 2
Leister, the, 1
Lethbridge, T. C., 1
Levy-Bruhl, L., 1
Lipizzaners, 1
Livermere, 1
Llandaff, Cathedral, 1
Lloyds, banking family, 1
Lutrell Psalter, 1
Mabinogi, Welsh tales, 1, 2
Macedonia, 1
Magic, aimed at mind, 1; sympathetic m., 1
et passim;
m. and disease, 1, 2;
m. and Church, 1;
m. and farm, 1
Malinowski, B., 1
Mare, the, 1; Crying the
M., 1
Mari Lwyd, 1
Martin, the house, 1
May Day, 1, M. Eve, 1
Mead, Margaret, 1
Mendlesham, 1, 2
Merchant Marks, 1
Michaelmas, 1, 2, 3
Middle Ages, 1; communal ideal, 1, 2
Mill-bills, 1
Milt, the, 1
Monk Soham, 1
Montgomeryshire, 1
Moon, influence on crops, etc., 1, 2
Moore, H., 1
Morocco, 1
Mother Goddess, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Murray, Margaret, 1, 2, 3
Nail, tenpenny, 1
National Buildings Record, 1
Nayland, 1
Nazis, the, 1
Needham, Mass., U.S.A., 1
Needham Market, 1; High St., 1, 2;
town, 1
Needham, Joseph, 1
Newmarket, 1, 2, 3
New Zealand, 1
Nigeria, 1
Norfolk, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Norwich, 1
Ordish, G., 1, 2
Orkney, 1, 2
Packard, fertilizers, 1
Parc-y-Meirch, Denbighshire, 1
Pareto, 1
Parker, Richard, 1
Paston, letters, 1
Pavlov, 1
Payne, Ffransis, 1
Peate, I. C., 1, 2, 3
Picasso, 1
Pigs, beliefs, 1; flesh taboo, 1
Pitt, William, 1
Pliny, 1
Plough Monday, 1
Polstead, 1, 2
Poor-law, settlement, 1
Porter, Enid, 1, 2
Primitive, 1
Ransome, Sims, and Jefferies, 1
Rasmussen, Holger, 1
Ratcliff, T., 1
Rhiannon, 1
Rhine, Dr, 1
Rickinghall, 1
Ringshall, 1, 2
Rogationtide, 1, 2
Romans, 1, 2; R. festivals, 1, 2
Rome, 1, 2, 3, 4
Rose, Ronald, 1, 2
Rough Music, see R. Band, 1
Rowan, 1, 2
Rural community, the old, 1
Scandinavia, 1, 2
Science, periodical, 1, 2
Scotland, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
Scythians, 1, 2
Sengren, 1
Shakespeare, W., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Sheffield, 1
Shelley (Suffolk), 1
Siberia, 1
Sicily, 1
Sinclair, Sir John, 1
Sitwell, family, 1
Skeat, W. W., 1
Smith, the, 1, deified in early times, 1;
admitted to horse secrets, 1, 2;
Sheffield s., 1
Soldered dots, 1
South Elham St Margaret, 1
Specialization, in historical studies, 1, 2
Spring, of Lavenham, 1
Sproughton, 1
Stephens, Henry, 1
St Andrew’s Cross, 1, 2
St Augustine, 1
St John’s wort, 1; St John’s Eve, 1
Stonham Aspal, 1, 2
Stour, the river, 1
Stowmarket, 1, 2
Suffolk, 1; south S., 1;
north S., 1;
S. Punch, 1, 2
et passim
Superstitions, 1 et passim
Sussex, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Tacitus, 1, 2
Tegg, T. E., 1
Theobalds House, Cheshunt, 1
Thomson, David, 1, 2
Thurso, the Dick collection, 1, 2
Tie-stays, iron, 1
Timber-scribe, 1
Topping out ceremony, 1, 2
Tudor, brick (unbaked), 1; T. houses, 1, 2
Tusser, Thomas, 1, 2
Uffington, 1
U.S.A., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Valkyries, 1
Vesey-Fitzgerald, B., 1
Virgil, 1; Aeneid, I, 1;
Eclogue, IV, 1;
Georgics, I., 1;
G., III, 1, 2;
G. IV, 1
Wales, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Wall cupboard, 1
Walnut shells, 1
Wart-charming, 1
Weber, Max, 1
Wells, H. G., 1
Wenham, Great, 1
Westbury, 1
Wetherden, 1
Whitehall, 1
Wingfield, Sir John, 1
Witch-bottles, 1
Witchcraft, 1, 2 et passim
Witch-post, 1
Woolpit, brick, 1;
W. district, 1;
W. village, 1
Worcester, 1
Workers’ Educational Association, 1
World War, First, 1, 2; Second, 1
Wortham, 1, 2
Wright, surname, 1
Yarmouth, 1
Yorkshire, 1, 2, 3
Young, Arthur, 1
Yule, log, 1
About the Author
Born in the mining town of Abercynon, South Wales, George Ewart Evans (1909–88) was a pioneering oral historian. In 1948 he settled with his family in Blaxhall, Suffolk, and through conversing with his neighbours he developed an interest in their dialect and the aspects of rural life which they described. Many were agricultural labourers, born before the turn of the century, who had worked on farms before the arrival of mechanisation. With the assistance of a tape recorder he collected oral evidence of the dialect, rural customs, traditions and folklore throughout East Anglia, and this work, reinforced by documental research, provided the background for his renowned East Anglian books.
Copyright
This ebook edition first published in 2012
by Faber and Faber Ltd
Bloomsbury House
74–77 Great Russell Street
London WC1B 3DA
All rights reserved
© George Ewart Evans, 1966
The right of George Ewart Evans to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with Section 77 of the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act 1988
This ebook is copyright material and must not be copied, reproduced, transferred, distributed, leased, licensed or publicly performed or used in any way except as specifically permitted in writing by the publishers, as allowed under the terms and conditions under which it was purchased or as strictly permitted by applicable copyright law. Any unauthorised distribution or use of this text may be a direct infringement of the author’s and publisher’s rights, and those responsible may be liable in law accordingly
ISBN 978–0–571–28687–4
The Pattern Under the Plough Page 24