by S. C. Gwynne
last commanding officer of, 133
in McDowell Battle, 255
misbehavior in, 465
naming of, 103
Northern equivalent of, 427
in Port Republic Battle, 323, 324
in race to Strasburg, 307–8, 309, 310
religious life of, 487, 515
in Romney Expedition, 181, 184, 185, 194
at Second Manassas Battle, 429, 438
strength of, 177, 184, 279
see also Army of the Valley
“Stonewall Jackson’s Way,” 484–86
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 155
Strasburg, Va.:
Army of the Valley’s retreat to, 196, 200
Army of the Valley’s return to, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311
Frémont’s approach of, 306
strategic importance of, 243
Union army’s occupation of, 243, 269, 271, 273, 274, 282
Strother, David Hunter, 200, 237, 275, 295
Stuart, James Ewell Brown (Jeb), 43, 338, 410, 570
in Antietam Battle, 466, 469, 471, 473
in Army of the Potomac’s reconnaissance, 338, 352
in Cedar Mountain Battle, 406
at Chancellorsville Battle, 529, 531, 535, 543
Christmas 1862 raid of, 509
death of, 570
in Falling Waters Battle, 49, 50–51
in First Manassas Battle, 89
in Fredericksburg Battle, 497
Jackson’s relationship with, 43, 406, 417, 488, 497, 509
July 1861 movements of, 62, 63
pre-Antietam intelligence gathering by, 455
at Second Manassas Battle, 420, 421, 422, 428, 434, 436
in Second Manassas flanking march, 417, 418
in Second Manassas planning, 411, 413
in Seven Days campaign, 355, 360, 370–71, 372, 373, 380
in winter 1862–1863, 509, 523
Suffolk, Va., Longstreet’s siege of, 521
Sumner, Edwin, 373, 414, 438, 439, 440, 441, 462, 470, 471, 472, 474, 475, 477, 496, 530
Sykes, George, 525, 526
Taliaferro, William B., 179–80, 184, 185–86, 255, 278, 334, 402, 403, 404, 405, 409, 415, 416, 419, 429, 432, 497
Tavener, Jonah, 204, 207, 209, 211
Taylor, Bayard, 203
Taylor, George, 105, 117, 419–20, 439
Taylor, Richard, 48, 246, 278, 293–94, 324, 325, 360, 395
Taylor, Zachary, 104, 293, 556
telegraph, 69, 269, 288, 351, 354, 448, 500, 509, 526, 533
Tennessee:
Confederate losses in, 7
Confederate withdrawal from, 451
“Tenting Tonight on the Old Campground,” 513
Texas, US annexation of, 104
Thermopylae, Battle of, 45
Thoreau, Henry David, 26
Tidball, John C., 344
Timberlake, John Henry, 365
Times (London), 169
tobacco, 248
Toombs, Robert, 390
Trimble, Isaac, 278, 294, 320, 322, 324, 418, 419, 473
Turner, Nat, 156
Turnley, Parmenas, 347
Twiggs, David, 106, 116, 117
Tyler, Daniel, 74, 83
Tyler, Erastus B., 219, 220, 221, 323, 326
typhoid, 387
Uncle Robinson (slave), 138, 155
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 155
Union:
border states of, 44, 168, 480
First Manassas reaction in, 98–99, 110
Jackson’s early loyalty to, 17, 27, 28
Laura Jackson’s support of, 235–36, 566
Lincoln’s April 1861 troop proclamation for, 30
Maryland’s relationship with, 44, 452–53
total war philosophy in, 384, 481
West Virginia’s joining of, 235
see also North
Union army:
African American troops in, 574
Antietam casualties in, 468, 472, 478
in Ball’s Bluff Battle, 167
black soldiers in, 384
Bull Run’s reconnaissance by, 69
Cedar Mountain casualties in, 405
Chancellorsville casualties in, 545
in Charlestown skirmish, 302
command experience in, 71
in Cross Keys Battle, 319–22, 326
Cross Keys casualties in, 321
early 1862 victories of, 7, 194, 195, 203, 277
early summer 1861 Virginia gains by, 53
enemy strength assessments by, 60, 162, 166, 167, 196, 200, 202–3, 205, 227, 228, 251, 272, 275, 288, 289, 297, 299, 308, 319, 353, 354, 356, 361, 369, 397, 416, 439, 456, 460, 462, 479, 520, 532
equipment of, 71, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 162, 167, 195, 206, 213, 217, 222–23, 224, 231, 232, 233, 254, 280, 292, 298, 319, 320, 324–25, 357, 369, 373, 379, 380, 400, 418, 420, 421, 442, 445, 458, 466, 468, 491, 494, 496, 528
escaped slaves’ relations with, 238–39
fall 1861 Shenandoah Valley positions of, 176–77
in Falling Waters Battle, 49–51, 61
First Manassas casualties in, 93, 97
First Manassas flanking march of, 73–74, 75, 78, 80–81, 83, 87–88
in First Manassas Henry Hill fight, 84–93, 98, 100
in First Manassas Matthews Hill fight, 81–83
First Manassas opening artillery fire by, 75–76, 77
First Manassas positioning of, 71–72
First Manassas retreat of, 93–94, 98, 162
First Manassas strategy of, 60, 61, 62, 63
food supplies of, 248, 373, 420, 478
in Fort Donelson Battle, 192
Fort Sumter’s loss by, 57
Fredericksburg casualties in, 500, 501
Fredericksburg force of, 7, 239, 243, 244, 267, 272, 277, 288, 301, 397
in Front Royal Battle, 274–75, 277, 278–81, 283
Front Royal casualties in, 281
Front Royal’s retaking by, 304, 305
in Gettysburg Battle, 560
Harpers Ferry’s occupation by, 53, 61, 239, 282, 288, 300, 301, 453, 454, 456, 457
Harpers Ferry surrender of, 458, 459, 460
Jackson’s deception of, 6, 249, 250, 256, 272–73, 279, 280, 299, 315
Jackson’s first combat encounter with, 49–51
Jackson’s valley campaign defeat of, 7, 327, 331, 334
July 1861 strategic blunder by, 60–63
in Kernstown Battle, 212–28
Kernstown casualties in, 226
Lincoln’s post-Kernstown reorganization of, 228
McClellan’s reinforcements from, 201, 204, 205, 207, 212, 228, 234, 289, 331
in McDowell Battle, 251–56
McDowell casualties in, 256
McDowell’s position in, 57
medical supplies of, 421
mid-July 1861 Virginia positions of, 56, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 66, 68
“political” generals in, 199, 271
Port Republic–area positions of, 312–19
in Port Republic Battle, 322–27
Port Republic casualties in, 326
post–First Manassas enlistment in, 99
post-Kernstown movements of, 234, 238, 239, 240–44, 250–51
post-McDowell retreat of, 256, 266, 271
in race to Strasburg, 306–7, 309, 310
in race to Winchester, 282–83, 285, 286, 287
Richmond threatened by, 2–4, 7, 207, 244, 245, 256, 268, 277, 288, 298, 301, 312, 326, 331, 335, 338–39, 348, 349, 397; see also Seven Days campaign
in Romney Expedition, 181, 182, 185, 187
Romney force of, 176, 178, 183
Scott’s position in, 58
Second Manassas casualties in, 445
Second Manassas court-martial in, 435
signal system of, 77
Southern civilians’ disruption of, 396
South Mountain casualties in, 456
spring 1862 Shenandoah region force
s of, 239, 245
Stanton’s call for reinforcement of, 299–300
straggling in, 309, 452
Strasburg’s occupation by, 243, 269, 271, 273, 274, 282
strength of, 2–3, 7, 8, 49, 50, 53, 56, 60, 73, 74, 82, 84, 85, 88, 172, 176–77, 184, 185, 196, 200, 203, 206, 207, 209, 211, 212, 213, 216, 219, 220, 221, 222–23, 224, 225, 228, 234, 239, 244, 245, 251, 252, 272, 278, 280, 284, 290, 292, 293, 300, 306, 308, 310, 319, 324, 326, 331, 386, 397, 430, 431; see also Army of the Potomac, strength of; Army of Virginia, strength of
supply lines of, 61, 176, 184, 241, 242, 243, 284, 291, 305, 306, 349, 351, 352, 359, 361, 363, 364, 370, 371, 373, 375, 413, 417–18, 419
total war strategy in, 46, 166, 397
valley campaign weapons losses of, 233
Washington’s occupation by, 59–60
in Wilson’s Creek Battle, 168
in Winchester Battle, 291–98
Winchester casualties in, 298
Winchester’s departure by, 205
Winchester’s occupation by, 195, 200, 206, 209, 211, 212, 213, 219, 228, 236, 237, 239
see also specific units and commanders
Union cavalry:
Ashby’s killing by, 318
Ashby’s treatment of, 210–11
at Brandy Station Battle, 570
Chancellorsville absence of, 529
in Gettysburg Battle, 570
inexperience of, 206, 209, 210, 241, 242, 243
in Kernstown Battle, 224
Lee’s supply line threat from, 521
in Mount Jackson fight, 262
Pope’s failure to use, 416
Port Republic attack by, 317, 318, 319
in race for Winchester, 285, 286
in Seven Days campaign, 354, 355, 356
Shenandoah Valley deployment of, 205
Union navy, 362, 387
United States:
church-state separation in, 515
public mourning in, 556
slavery debate in, 20–21, 22
westward expansion of, 21, 104
United States Army:
Jackson’s postings in, 111–18
Jackson’s renown in, 109
in Mexican-American War, 103–9
mid-nineteenth century weaponry of, 230
uveitis, 113, 124–25, 139, 198
valley campaign of 1862, 7, 204–37
Army of the Valley’s isolation in, 196, 234, 300, 302, 303
army strengths in, 7, 8, 176–77, 195, 196, 200, 203, 206, 207, 209, 211, 212, 213, 215, 216, 219, 220, 221, 224, 225, 227, 228, 234, 239–40, 245, 251, 252, 255, 267, 268, 272, 275, 278–79, 284, 292, 293, 300, 306, 308, 310, 316, 319, 323, 324, 326, 331
artillery disparities in, 233, 254, 280
casualties in, 7, 217, 222, 223, 226, 231, 236, 254, 255–56, 257, 281, 292, 297, 298, 304, 321, 324, 325, 326, 331
consequences of, 7–8, 290, 298
Cross Keys Battle in, 319–22, 326, 332
Ewell’s role in, 244, 246, 250, 255, 264, 266–68, 269–70, 271, 272, 273, 277, 278, 281, 284, 285, 286, 291, 292, 293, 294, 296, 310, 316, 319, 320, 321, 322–23, 324, 325, 326
Frémont’s role in, 249, 250, 251, 255, 256, 289, 300, 302, 305–6, 309, 310–11, 312, 313, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 324, 325–26, 334
Front Royal Battle in, 274–75, 277, 278–81, 283, 297
Jackson and Banks’s contest in, 207, 209, 211, 212, 213, 215, 217, 227, 228, 234, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242–44, 245, 246, 249–50, 251, 255, 256, 265, 266–73, 274, 275, 277, 278–81, 282–87, 290, 291–98, 299, 300, 307, 334
Jackson and Ewell’s protocol sidestepping in, 269–71
Jackson’s legendary status after, 6–7, 298, 302, 308, 319, 331–35, 336, 339, 340
Jackson’s proposals for, 172, 178–79, 183–84
Jackson’s strategic maneuvers in, 7, 256, 281, 282, 284, 291–92, 297
Jackson’s strategy in, 204, 207, 209, 244–46, 255, 256, 268, 271, 301, 303
Jackson’s supply lines in, 207, 242, 245, 279, 300, 305
Jackson’s war council prior to, 201–2
Kernstown Battle in, 212–28, 236, 237, 252, 258, 331
Lee’s strategy for, 244–45, 246, 268, 271, 301, 312
Lincoln’s strategy in, 7, 243, 299–301, 305–9, 312, 313, 326
McDowell Battle in, 251–56, 257, 331
marches in, 7, 209, 215, 240, 242, 247, 257, 272–73, 279, 280, 286–87, 297, 301, 307, 310
Port Republic area positioning in, 312–19
Port Republic Battle in, 322–27, 332
post-Kernstown troop movements in, 234, 238, 239, 240–44, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250–51
post-McDowell troop movements in, 256, 266, 267, 268, 271, 272–73
race to Strasburg in, 306–7, 308, 309, 310, 311
race for Winchester in, 282–87
Shields’s contest with Jackson in, 205–7, 209, 211, 212, 213, 215, 216–17, 218, 227–28, 234, 306, 308–9, 310, 312–13, 315, 316, 318, 320, 321, 322, 323, 326, 334
Union arms captured in, 233, 281, 298, 331
Union army’s deception in, 6, 249, 250, 256, 272–73, 279, 280, 299, 315
Union army’s defeat in, 7, 327, 331, 334
Union army’s reorganization following, 394
Union supplies captured in, 281, 298, 331
Union supply lines in, 241, 242, 243, 284, 291, 305, 306, 364
Winchester Battle in, 291–98, 299, 331, 332, 394
see also Romney Expedition
valley campaign of 1864, 571
Van Dorn, Earl, 175
Vera Cruz, Battle of, 105
Vicksburg, Battle of, 173, 191
Vicksburg, Miss., Farragut’s approach toward, 277
Virginia:
Army of Virginia’s advance in, 393
Civil War’s anticipation in, 52, 59
Civil War’s ravaging of, 32
Confederate army’s post–First Manassas positions in, 162, 170, 172, 174
Confederate 1862–1863 winter quarters in, 508
disputed northwestern lands in, 44, 235
early 1862 Confederate positions in, 2, 193, 201, 202, 203, 207, 244
early August 1862 military positions in, 410–11; see also Manassas, Second Battle of
early summer 1861 Confederate losses in, 53
escaped slaves in, 237–39
Jackson’s loyalty to, 20, 22
Jackson’s regimental command for, 35–36, 37–45, 49–51; see also 1st Virginia Brigade
John Brown’s capture in, 22–27
McClellan’s reentry into, 490
McClellan’s summer 1861 movements in, 53, 57, 68
mid-July 1861 military positions in, 56, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 66, 68–69; see also Manassas, First Battle of
Pope’s depredations in, 408
presecession atmosphere in, 27–28
rail links in, 66, 351, 361, 364, 371, 393, 398, 410, 413, 417, 418, 521, 526, 534, 546
secession debate in, 20, 22, 28–30, 235
secession of, 13, 30, 31
Shenandoah Valley’s unique culture in, 120
slave education prohibition in, 156
slavery debate in, 155
timber cutting in, 510
see also Chancellorsville, Battle of; Fredericksburg, Va.; Richmond, Va.; Shenandoah Valley
Virginia, 277
Virginia Central Railroad, 207, 245, 248, 256, 393, 398, 410, 560
Virginia Military Institute (VMI):
cadet misbehavior at, 129–30, 131, 132–33
Civil War’s destruction of, 575
Confederate soldiers from, 14, 33, 34, 39, 40, 54, 89, 131, 133, 236, 251, 255, 257, 266, 267, 278, 280, 323, 405, 438, 531–32, 542, 575
Jackson’s artillery instruction at, 15, 88, 127–28, 130–31
Jackson’s detractors at, 15, 133
Jackson’s hiring by, 105, 117–18
Jackson mourned at, 561, 562
Jackson�
�s reputation at, 14, 15, 16, 29, 54, 89, 120, 121, 124, 125–26, 128–29, 130, 131, 133, 136, 143, 180, 185
Jackson’s salary at, 175
Jackson’s years at, 14, 15, 16, 28, 29, 88, 89, 105, 111, 119–26, 127–34, 135–36, 140, 141, 143, 146, 148, 151, 154, 155, 175, 180, 182, 185, 260, 344, 511, 531
in John Brown trial, 23
Little Sorrel’s home at, 574–75
secessionism at, 28–29
size of, 121
Von Borcke, Heros, 449, 478, 488, 497
Walker, James A., 132–33, 266, 405
Walker, John A., 567
Walker, John G., 448, 454, 455, 456, 457, 469, 472
War Department, Confederate:
cavalry command in, 261
Jackson’s dealings with, 197, 257, 260, 263
see also Benjamin, Judah
War Department, Union, 489
Army of the Valley’s strength assessment by, 308
Harpers Ferry surrender details withheld by, 458
Northern railroad seizure by, 300
Shields’s excuses to, 309
see also Stanton, Edwin
Warren, Gouverneur K., 558
Washington, DC:
Beauregard’s battle proposal for, 68
coal supply of, 179
Confederate threatening of, 414, 418, 430, 439, 445–46, 447
defense of, 164, 205, 228, 288, 299–300, 394, 397, 414, 438, 439, 440, 441, 447, 448
Harpers Ferry surrender news in, 458
slavery’s abolition in, 384
telegraph lines from, 351, 448, 509
Union army’s occupation of, 59–60
Washington, George, 337, 351, 493, 556
Washington, George (slave), 238
Washington, Martha Custis, 351
Washington Chronicle, 558
Washington College, 13, 28, 120, 121, 141, 142, 145, 566, 569
Waterloo, Belgium, Jackson’s visit to, 151
Webster, Daniel, 342
Welles, Gideon, 165
Wellford, Charles C., 529, 530, 531
West Point:
Class of 1846 at, 340–47
Jackson’s years at, 15, 127, 303, 337, 341–42, 343–47, 380
McClellan’s years at, 127, 163, 337, 343, 345, 347
West Virginia, 235
Wheat, Roberdeau, 82
“When This Cruel War Is Over,” 513
White, Hugh, 562
White, Julius, 459
White, William S., 16, 17, 18, 123, 154, 156, 157, 333, 513, 514, 561–62, 567
White House Landing, Va.:
Lee’s mansion at, 351, 371
Union supply depot at, 349, 351, 361, 371
Whiting, Chase, 47, 355, 366, 371, 380, 381
Whittier, John Greenleaf, 559–60
Wight, Charles Copland, 28, 84–85
Wilbourn, Richard Eggleston, 540, 541
Wilderness, Battle of the, 570–71, 572