Live Cinema and Its Techniques

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Live Cinema and Its Techniques Page 16

by Francis Ford Coppola


  flat panels (Craig panels), 6, 55–59, 56, 86–87, 98, 163

  flat screen television, 55

  floor lamps, 13, 133

  focal lengths, 162, 164

  focus, 15, 162, 164

  folding flaps, 60

  Foley sounds, 99, 160

  food, 38, 41, 94, 128, 129, 135

  football games, 53, 85, 95, 156

  foreign languages, 6, 99

  formulas, 83

  For Whom the Bell Tolls, 25

  frame rate, 43–44, 93, 147, 161

  frame rate converters, 44, 161

  frame size, 160

  framing, 155, 160

  Frankenheimer, John, 2, 3, 24–25, 75

  Frederickson, Gray, 5–6

  “free spots,” 133

  French Connection, The, 28, 39

  Friedkin, William, 39

  Fuchs, Fred, 78

  Funt, Allen, 105

  furniture, 10, 34–35, 41, 129, 133, 145, 150

  gaffers, 161

  games, theater, xii, 34, 35, 36, 40–41, 128, 129, 142

  gaming, xii

  Gates, Bill, 74

  Gayle, Crystal, 74

  generator locking (genlock), 161

  genres, 48, 84

  Germany, 21–22, 117

  Gershwin, George, 126n, 127, 150

  Gerwig, Greta, 105

  Glass Menagerie, The (Williams), 30

  glass plates, xii

  Gleason, Jackie, 28

  glossary, 159–64

  Godfather, The, 8–9, 36–37, 38, 70, 84

  Godfather Part II, The, 70

  Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 72, 108, 109, 113

  Golden Age of Cinema, 61–62

  Golden Age of Television, 2–3, 23–25, 27–28, 75, 93

  Graham, Bill, 26–27

  grammar, film, 9–12, 87–91

  Grand Central Station, 23

  graphic projections, 59

  Grease Live!, 49, 111

  Great Britain, 22

  Greek theater, 83, 136

  green screens, 46, 54, 55, 61, 85, 98, 132, 159–60

  Gregory, Lady Augusta, 55–57

  grid patterns, 85, 162

  Griffith, D. W., 61

  Gust, Anne, 66

  Hackman, Gene, 39

  hair styling, 94, 132, 134

  Hamlet (Shakespeare), 55

  ham radio, 95–97

  handheld cameras, 54, 84–85, 161, 163

  hand offs, 85

  hand props, 35, 41

  Handycam cameras, 108

  Hanseatic League, 117

  Harrelson, Woody, 29

  Harvard University, 31

  hats, 41

  helical scan recorders, 25, 161

  helicopters, 64, 73

  hierarchical situations, 40

  high-frequency signals, 161

  Hitchcock, Alfred, 11, 21–22

  Hollywood, 22, 25, 61–62, 69, 73, 74, 142, 143

  Hollywood General Studios, 73

  home theaters, 112

  Honeymooners, The, 28

  Horn & Hardart, 2

  House of Wax, 109

  Howdy Doody, 2

  Hudson River Valley, 79

  Hughie (O’Neill), 31

  I Am Cuba, 85

  Ibiza, 14–15

  I Love Lucy, 25

  improvisation, 34, 36–40, 41, 95, 128, 129

  Independent Frame, 12, 133, 134

  Industrial Revolution, 27

  Inglenook (winery), 122

  input/output routing, 46

  Insdorf, Annette, 154

  inserts, 140, 151

  intercoms, 65–68, 92, 134, 136, 137, 138

  intercutting, 95, 99

  Internet, xii, 157, 161

  Internet Protocol (IP), 161

  Intolerance, 61

  Inuit people, 49–50

  iPads, 133

  “IP Director” program, 99

  Ishioka, Eiko, 78–79, 80

  Italian language, 6, 99

  Japan, 8, 107, 116

  J. Arthur Rank studios, 12

  Jesus Christ, 116

  Jobs, Steve, 74

  Jonze, Spike, 104

  journalism, 7

  Keaton, Buster, 33

  Kerensky, Alexander, 91

  Kinescope, 21, 161

  Kinetograph, 20

  King and I, The, 24

  King of Comedy, The, 28

  KMPX, 71

  Kodak film, xi–xii

  Kovacs, Ernie, 28

  Kramer vs. Kramer, 70

  Ku Klux Klan, 31

  Kurosawa, Akira, 110, 113

  Ladies Man, The, 75–76

  lamps, 13, 52, 133, 162

  Land, Edwin, 108–10

  Lang, Fritz, 21

  lasers, 109

  Lasseter, John, 155

  Las Vegas, 72–76, 141, 142, 152

  Late Late Show, The, 53

  lateness, 35–36

  Laughton, Charles, 33

  Laurie, Piper, 24–25

  Lawrence of Arabia, 48–49, 69–70

  Leachman, Cloris, 2

  LED lights, 52, 54, 55, 98, 156

  Leica viewfinders, 129

  Lenin, Vladimir, 89, 89

  lenses:

  adapters for, 44

  Bolex 16mm, 44

  C-mounts for, 44

  film, 12–13, 44, 108, 112

  flat, 13, 44, 52, 156

  focal lengths of, 162, 164

  lighting and, 12–13

  in television, 48

  zoom (telephoto), 12–13, 14, 48, 52, 93, 162, 164

  Lewis, Jerry, 75–76

  LG Electronics, 55, 190

  lighting:

  Appia effect in, 55, 59, 159

  arc, 111

  brightness of, 76, 160

  cinematic, 13, 52, 58–59, 76, 160

  cues for, 92, 132

  elements for, 58–59

  floor, 13, 133

  grids for, 12–13, 48, 52, 53, 101, 132, 133

  LED battery-powered, 52, 54, 55, 98, 156

  lenses and, 12–13

  mood and, 52

  opticals in, 144

  placement of, 86, 130, 132, 161

  practicals (set lamps) in, 52, 162

  projections of, 55, 58–59

  shadows and, 55, 159

  snoots (attachments) for, 52, 163

  theater, 55, 59, 81–82, 159

  ultraviolet (UV), 101

  uniform, 12–13

  limited editions, 157

  line rehearsals, 134

  literature, 7–8, 9, 23–24, 113, 115–16

  Little Fox Theater, 71

  Live Cinema:

  acting in, xiii, 5–6, 7, 16, 29, 33–42, 50–51, 86, 92, 93, 95–101, 104, 105, 125, 126, 129, 134–35, 136, 137, 139, 140, 144, 146, 150, 151, 152, 154, 160

  animals in, 94, 95, 99

  audiences for, 7, 16, 30

  author’s development of, xii–xiii, 1–3, 15–17, 27, 34, 76, 77, 84, 115–18, 121–57

  behind-the-scenes preparations for, 16–17

  black cards for, 16–17

  broadcasts of, 49, 103–5, 152

  budgets for, 103

  cameras in, 14, 15, 17, 43–44, 92–97, 110–11, 135

  children in, 94, 95, 99

  cinema compared with, 48, 85–86, 99, 103, 105, 111–12, 118

  commercials in, 132, 146, 149, 151

  as creative medium, xii–xiii, 113–14

  credits for, xiii, 165–90

  crew for, 17, 93, 95–97, 99, 119, 135, 160, 163

  dialogue in, 95, 141

  direction in, 15–17, 24, 46, 92–93, 104–5

  editing in, 46–47, 99, 104, 132

  emotional impact of, 9, 10, 50, 88–91

  equipment for, xiii, 43–47, 106–14, 133

  experimental proof-of-concept workshops for, see Oklahoma City Community College (OCCC) workshop; UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television workshop

  extras in, 6,
94, 95, 99

  games for, xii, 34, 35, 36, 40–41, 128, 129, 142

  language of, 9–12

  as live performance, xiii, 6, 11, 12, 15–17, 24, 28, 45–47, 50, 75, 76, 95–99, 103–5, 118, 130, 132–33, 138–39, 140, 141, 156–57, 160

  locations in, 48–62

  makeup in, 94, 132, 143, 160

  miscues in, 16

  mixing in, 44–47, 98, 99, 136–37, 138, 139, 161, 162

  obstacles in, 16, 101–5

  performance standards in, 16–17, 29–32, 125, 132–34, 138–39, 140

  pre-cut sequences in, 12, 15, 49, 60, 62, 87, 99

  preparation and production for, 33–42, 85–87, 118, 154

  pre-recording for, 16, 87, 94, 95, 99, 132, 135–36, 138

  props for, 6, 10, 11–12, 16, 34–35, 41, 129, 130, 134, 135, 137

  recording of, 49, 103–5, 118

  rehearsals in, 33–42, 50–51, 92–97, 99, 129, 132, 133, 134–35, 163

  scenery in, 48–62, 135, 137

  scenes in, 34–35, 45, 93–95, 102, 130

  screenplays (scripts) in, 3, 5–6, 35, 36, 42, 46–47, 59, 98, 115, 117–18, 127–28, 136

  sets (scenery) for, 6, 10–11, 14, 15, 17, 46, 48, 51, 55–59, 56, 62, 86–87, 98, 128, 129, 139, 155

  shots used in, 10, 11, 14, 50–53, 60–62, 87–91, 133

  sound in, 47, 50, 126, 134, 136–37, 148, 154

  soundtracks in, 47, 70–76, 130, 132, 137, 138, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148

  staging of, 34–35, 42, 60–62, 131, 145, 155

  storyboards in, 11, 12, 46, 49, 163

  storytelling in, 10, 11, 21

  stunts in, 6, 95–97, 99

  style of, 85–86, 132

  supplementary sequences in, 87

  takes in, 85–86

  technical specifications for, 43–47, 133, 134, 135

  television compared with, xii–xiii, 3, 10–11, 24, 28, 85–86, 118, 156

  theater compared with, 34, 42, 76, 80, 86, 118, 139, 156

  theatrical exhibitions of, 29, 111–12, 138, 156–57

  three-act structure of, 41, 92

  time manipulation in, 17, 49, 132, 139

  time shifting for, 49

  wardrobe in, 35, 41, 94, 132, 134, 137, 160

  locations, 48–62

  loop harnesses, 137

  loops, sound, 137, 141, 148

  Lorentz, Pare, 64

  Los Angeles, 107, 121, 154

  Lost in London, 29, 86, 111

  love stories, 71

  Lubitsch, Ernst, 21

  Lucas, George, 69–70, 74, 156–57

  Lumet, Sidney, 2, 24

  Lumière, Auguste and Louis, 20

  lunch breaks, 94, 128, 129

  Lupino, Ida, 33

  Macgowan, Kenneth, 32

  MacGraw, Ali, 27

  Mad Men, 28

  magnetic tape recorders, 1, 161

  Mahler, Gustav, 29–30

  makeup, 94, 132, 143, 160

  Malaimare, Mihai, Jr., 60

  Manhattan, 28

  manic depression, 155

  Mann, Thomas, 116–17

  marks, 99–101

  married couples, 36

  Marsyas, 136

  Marty, 2, 24

  Mason, James, 8

  masterpieces, 112–14

  master shots, 14–15, 53, 60, 150, 161

  matrix boards, 161

  McQueen, Steve, 70

  meditation, 155

  melodrama, 31

  “memorable moments,” 7

  MGM, 73

  microphones, 21, 136–37, 138

  Microsoft, 74

  Miller, JP, 24

  minimalism, 85

  miscues, 16

  Mishima, 78–79

  Mishima, Yukio, 78–79, 115–16

  mixdowns, 162

  mixing boards, 44–47, 98, 99, 136–37, 138, 139, 161, 162

  modular sets, 54, 55–59, 56, 86–87, 98

  molded sets, 86

  montage, 7, 9, 21, 87–91, 162

  mood, 52

  Moscow Art Theatre, 55

  motion-control systems, 54, 162

  Motorola television sets, 1

  mounted cards, 93

  “movie-movie” style, 84

  multiviewers, 14, 45, 95, 102, 162

  Murch, Walter, 70n

  Murnau, F. W., 21, 110

  music:

  classical, 1, 29–31, 68, 113, 114, 148

  cues for, 92

  instruments in, 114

  live, 99

  recording of, 137

  “musical narrators,” 74

  musicals, 12, 26, 49, 70–76, 111

  music-drama concept, 113

  mute shows, 83

  Muybridge, Eadweard, 20

  My Life in Art (Stanislavski), 55

  NAB Show, 106

  Nanook of the North, 49–50

  Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 91

  narration, 74, 113

  National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 66

  National Association of Broadcasters (NAB), 106

  National Football League (NFL), 53

  naturalism, 85, 86

  Nature, 18–19

  Navajo carpets, 104

  Nazism, 22

  NBC, 1, 20, 47, 148

  NBC Symphony Orchestra, 1

  Neapolitan dialect, 99

  Netflix, 84

  networks, television, 2, 21, 25

  news programs, 26, 28, 85

  NewTek TriCaster, 43–44, 136, 137, 139

  Newton, Isaac, 108

  New York, N.Y., 1, 23, 24, 30–31, 154, 155

  NHK, 107

  nickelodeons, 21, 22

  1950s, 116

  Nobel Prize in Literature, 83

  Nolan, Christopher, 107

  nonlinear editing, 45, 162

  novels, 7

  obstacles, 16, 101–5

  Obstfelder, Jürgen, 46

  October (Ten Days That Shook the World), 88–91, 89, 90

  Oklahoma City Community College (OCCC) workshop, xiii, 3, 5–17, 33–44, 50, 51–53, 69, 98, 99, 103, 115, 118, 121–57, 165–73

  Olivier, Laurence, 33

  One from the Heart, 51, 66, 69–77, 77, 78, 111

  O’Neill, Eugene, 31–32, 82–84, 117

  O’Neill, James, 82–84, 82, 83

  one-shot films, 29, 85

  On Golden Pond, 10, 87

  On the Art of the Theatre (Craig), 32

  opera, 29, 30–31, 68, 113

  operators, camera, 65–66, 101, 129, 138

  Ophuls, Max, 7, 8

  opticals, 144

  orchestra, 114

  Outsiders, The, 68

  over-shoulder shots, 133

  oversized props, 11–12

  Ozu, Yasujiro, 7, 8, 110

  Pabst, G. W., 21

  Pacific Dome Theater, 69–70

  Pacino, Al, 38

  “package, the,” 49

  painted sets, 81–82

  painting, 15

  Palance, Jack, 2

  panning, 111, 156

  paparazzi, 116

  paragraphs, 7

  parallel editing, 21

  Paramount Studios, 75

  parody, 28

  patents, 19, 22, 56, 58

  Patsy’s restaurant, 38

  Patterns, 24

  Patton, 70

  Pelléas et Mélisande (Debussy), 30

  Penn, Arthur, 2, 24

  performance standards, 16–17, 29–32, 125, 132–34, 138–39, 140

  Persian carpets, 104

  perspective, 15

  Peter Pan Live!, 156

  Philco Television Playhouse, 2

  phones, 112

  photochemical film, xi–xii, 107–8, 109

  photography, xii, 108–10

  “Pick Up My Hat” theater game, 41

  picture libraries, 61

  Pinewood Studios, 12

  Pixar, 51

  pixel count, 160

  Pla
ce in the Sun, A, 114

  playback (PB), 141, 143, 145

  Playhouse 90, 2, 25, 93, 107

  Play-Making (Archer), 32

  plays, xiii, 2–3, 9, 10, 23–25, 26, 48, 113

  playwrights, 23–24

  Plow That Broke the Plains, The, 64, 66

  Polaroid, 108–10

  Polaroid glasses, 109

  Polaroid SK70 camera, 109

  Polavision instant movie system, 108–10

  political speeches, 62–68

  post-production, 159–60

  power cables, 52, 99, 124

  practicals (set lamps), 52, 162

  pre-designed shots, 12, 15, 49, 60, 62, 87, 99

  presidential election campaign (1980), 63–68

  press conferences, 142

  Presto home acetate recorder, 1

  pre-visualization, 51, 133, 134, 155, 162

  printed sets, 86

  prisons, 53

  production designers, 76, 80

  production period, 33–42, 85–87, 118, 154

  productions:

  for cinema, 5, 12, 21, 33, 76, 159–60, 163

  for Live Cinema, 33–42, 85–87, 118, 154

  post-, 159–60

  for television, 106–7

  for theater, 34, 42, 76, 80

  projections, light, 55, 58–59

  projectors, 2, 74, 102, 109–12

  pronunciation, 35

  “proof of concept,” 133

  proof-of-concept workshops, see Oklahoma City Community College (OCCC) workshop; UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television workshop

  props, 6, 10, 11–12, 16, 34–35, 41, 129, 130, 134, 135, 137

  proscenium stages, 83

  prose, 7

  public domain material, 23

  puppets, 2

  radio, 1, 20

  “Radio Row,” 1

  Raging Bull, 28

  Rawnsley, David, 12, 133

  Ray, Nicholas, 110

  RCA, 19, 20, 22

  read-throughs, 34, 35, 129

  realism, 81–86

  rear projection, 162

  recording:

  audio, 1, 2, 21

  pre-, 16, 87, 94, 95, 99, 132, 135–36, 138

  video, xii, 2, 6, 21, 22, 25, 26, 75–76, 106–7, 161

  RED, 107

  Red Desert, 113

  reels, film, 22, 75, 102, 110, 111–12

  rehearsals, 29, 33–42, 50–51, 55, 92–99, 129, 132–39, 141, 160, 163

  repertory theater, 5–6

  replay signals, 46

  reportage footage, 49–50

  Requiem for a Heavyweight, 2, 24

  reverse angle shots, 14, 60, 99

  reviews, 33–34, 69–70, 77, 79–80

  rhythmic measure, 47

  Rich, Frank, 69

  “Ride of the Valkyries” (Wagner), 68

  Rimini, Italy, 144

  “Rip Van Winkle,” 78–80, 79

  Robe, The, 61

  Robertson, Cliff, 24–25

  rock music, 31

  role-playing games, xii, 34, 35, 36, 40–41, 128, 129, 142

  Rosing, Boris, 19, 22

  rostrums, 12

  Rozic, Teri, 46, 101–2, 124, 137, 138, 142

  run-throughs, 34, 36–40, 93, 133, 134–35, 138–39, 141, 163

  Russian Ark, 29

  Sabu, 73

  salaries, 61

  Samson and Delilah, 148

 

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