emotion. See shu (sympathetic concern)
empty words. See kongyan
emulation: of ancient literary style of Heaven of sages and worthies of scholars See also imitation; plagiarism
equality
ethics: application to past(see also historical context; “temporal provincialism”); application to present application to self and convictions and errors and historians Kongzi and and literary art and opinions and reason and science See also philosophy: ethical
evidential learning See also philology
examinationsservice: origins and pursuit of learning as rite of passage
exotic, the
experience, as necessary to learning
Explaining Simple and Analyzing Compound Characters
fame. See success
family
fashions, intellectual: conflict with individuals’ ideas and talents cycles of dangers of mistaken for learning reform of usefulness of See also literary art: as intellectual fashion; philology: as intellectual fashion; philosophy: as intellectual fashion
fate
feelings
feudal system, origins
filial piety origins
Fu Qian
Fu Yue
Gao Zong
gazetteers. See histories: local.
genealogies
gentlemen
geography
Golden Age, Zhou dynasty as
golden rule, Confucian
Gongsun Chou
governing: and dao and de judging Mengzi on origins study necessary for Xuzi on See also hegemon; separation of teaching and governing
Great Learning
Gui Youguang
Han Feizi
Han Ying
Han Yu on dao and de on learning as model on teaching on writing Works: “Letter in Reply to Li Yi,” Appendix 3; “On the Dao,” Appendix 1; “A Treatise on Teachers,” Appendix 2;
heart-mind (xin): and creativity cultivation of and dao definition failure of of historians incomprehensibility of and judging right and wrong and order the people’s rectifying of sages of students understanding others’ and words “this heart-mind” (see “mind, this”)
Heaven: attempted study of and geography incomprehensibility of and models names imposed on and prognostication and “pure knowing,” sacrifices to and sages and separation of teaching and governing as source of dao as source of human sensibilities as source of virtues See also nature
Heavenly and human, balance between and dao
Heavenly stations. See Relationships, Five
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich
hegemon (ba)
heterodoxy (yiduan)
hexagrams
historians: heart-mind of (see under heart-mind); task of traits or virtues necessary for, Essay 8
historical context: and action of Duke of Zhou of Han Yu and learning and poetic form and sages understanding of See also ethics: application to past; ethics: application to present; temporal provincialism
histories: local official(see also specific works and authors)
historiography See writing: of history
history: discipline of, necessary to understanding the dao and literary art phases of speculative study of as “things that happened,” 4; as vocation writing of (see writing: of history)
History of the Han Dynasty. See under Ban Gu
Hou Ji
Hu Shi
Huan Kuan
Huang Fushi
Hubei
Huizi
human and Heavenly. See Heavenly and human
human nature. See nature: human
humility
imitation See also emulation; plagiarism
immortality, this-worldly See also de (Virtue): establishing; deeds: establishing; words: establishing
insight. See understanding: personal
institutions: incompatible with workings of Heaven origins. See also schools
intellectual property rights
intentions
intuitionism
Jesuits
Jia Yi
jing (reverential attention), necessary for litterateurs
judgments
Kang Youwei
knack. See under Zhuangzi (work)
know-how See under Zhuangzi (work)
knowing, pure (liangzhi)
knowledge: as common vs. private property “real,”
kongyan (empty words)
Kongzi: achievement of adherence to “actual things and affairs” (qi) and Book of Changes compared to Buddhists compared to Duke of Zhou compared to Mengzi disciples of and ethics and heart-mind and historiography and literary art and literary style on methods of learning misunderstanding of as model and realization of dao sacrifices to and “seeming,” silence of and talent as teacher teachers of on thinking See also dao: transmission of; de: separated from power
Kuang, Music Master
labor, division of
laicization of clergy
land ownership: origins
language: limitations of purposes of See also words: and actions
Laozi See also Daodejing
laws: origin
learning: definition and effort methods goals and purposes of government policy on as medium for philosophy methods, among ancients methods, improper necessity of teachers for perfection of “real” or “true,” Letter 1 passim; transmission of and thinking See also examinations; historical context: and learning; philosophy: schools of; schools; self-cultivation; teachers
li (principle)
Li Hua. Works: “[Lament on] an Old Battlefield,”
Li Lou
Li Pan
Li Panlong
Li Si
Li Yi, Appendix 3
Li Zhi, and literary art
Liangqiu He
Liezi
lineage, intellectual See also fashions, intellectual; philosophy: schools of
literary art: criticism of and dao and de (Virtue) decline of and ethics as intellectual fashion origins production of study and teaching of traits necessary for practicing understanding of and understanding of history usefulness of See also style, literary
literary mind (wenxin)
literary spirit (wenqi)
Liu An. Works: “On the Dao,”
Liu Xiang
Liu Xie Works: The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons “On the Dao,”
Liu Xin
Liu Zhiji
Liu Zizhuang
Liu Zongyuan
Liuxia Hui
Lo Diagram
loyalty: origins
Lu Ji
Lu Jiuyuan
Ma Rong
Mann, Susan
Mao Heng
Marx, Karl
masses, the
mathematics
medicine
memorization. See recitation
Meng Xi
Mengzi (person): compared to Kongzi and debate on governing and historiography on Kongzi and language and literary style on order and transmission of dao as transmitter of Kongzi’s teachings
Mengzi (work): and Heaven and “pure knowing,”
mind, this (cixin, shixin)
mind, transmission of the
misunderstanding: of dao (see dao: misunderstanding of); of Kongzi (see under Kongzi);of scholars’ ideas Essay 5 See also understanding
Mo Ling
models: Heaven as source of See also emulation
Mohism
morality. See ethics
motives
Mozi
multitudes
music and Confucian learning origins regulation usefulness of
mysterious, the
Naitô Torajirô
names See also Heaven: names imposed on
nature and dao human virtuous See also Heaven.
neo-Confucianism: revival See also philosophy: schools of
Nivison, David S.
non-action
numerology
“Offices of the
Zhou,”
officials. See bureaucracy
“On the Dao.” See under Han Yu; Zhang Xuecheng; Liu An; Liu Xie
“one thread,”
open concepts (xuwei)
opinion
oratory
order
originality
Ouyang Xiu
Pan Zhengya. See Mo Ling
particularism, ethical See also theories, rigid
pattern (wen)
peace
Pei Yin
perfection: of dao of historiography of learning of literary style of prognostication of sages of society(see also “complete orchestra”)
persuasion
philology and dao and establishing deeds as intellectual fashion as medium for philosophy purposes of
philosophy: and dao and establishing de ethical as intellectual fashion origins schools of usefulness of
plagiarism See also emulation; imitation
poetry
posterity
power. See success
prejudice
principle. See li (principle)
prognostication
prosody
punishments: origins
qi (actual things and affairs) See also dao: manifestation of, in actual things and affairs
qi (vital force): control of definitions of historians and li, and reading and writing
Qian and Kun
Qianlong Emperor
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty: bureaucracy 1; decline
Qinshi Huangdi
Qu Yuan. Works: “Encountering Sorrow,”
quietism
reading
reason (tui)
recitation
recorded conversations
record-keeping: origins
Records of the Grand Historian. See under Sima Qian
Relationships, Five ruler and minister
Ren An
ren. See benevolence
reproduction
reverential attention. See jing
rhyme prose
right and wrong. See ethics
righteousness (yi) origins
Rites of the Zhou
rites
ritual(s) as determining Chineseness regulation of origins of Zhou
River Chart
Ruan Yuan
rulership. See governing
sacrifices: to Duke of Zhou examination system likened to by former kings to Heaven and earth to Kongzi to teachers
sage-kings
sages: acting of necessity benefits conferred by deficiencies of distinguished from teachers as divinities emulation of and by and Heaven and historical context and “realized goodness,”
scholars: and Kongzi misunderstanding of (see under misunderstanding); situation of of Song dynasty of Tang dynasty of Zhang’s time
schools: colleges, provincial and national Confucian curriculum and development of talents local origins private
science: and ethics natural See also astronomy
seeming Essay 11
self, and dao
self-cultivation methods of necessity of specific project to purpose of and writing See also learning
selfishness
senses
separation of teaching and governing
Shang dynasty
Shao Jinhan
Shao Tingcai
Shaoxing
Shen Pei
Shen Yue
Shen Zaiting Letter 3
Shi Yucun
Shi Zhou
Shiji. See under Sima Qian
shixin (“this mind”)
shu (sympathetic concern/understanding): dangers of definition and Golden Rule for litterateurs necessary to judging the past as part of de
Siku quanshu. See Complete Collection of the Four Treasuries
Sima Guang: Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government
Sima Qian, as model understanding of others’ works Works: Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji)
Sima Tan
Sima Xiangru
single thread. See “one thread.”
society: origins
soil and grain, spirits of
Song dynasty: scholars in, criticized
Song Lian
Song Qi
specialization, intellectual dangers of origins permissibility of purpose of See also talent
Spring and Autumn Annals
“sprouts” (duan; of virtue or of dao)
status. See under age; talent; de
stems and branches
strategy
structure
students, shortcomings of
style, literary ancient (guwen) contemporary dangers of and de and establishing words and feelings and historiography perfection of praise of Zhu Canmei’s purposes of
Su Che
Su Shi
Su Xun
success, worldly
suoyiran (that by which things are as they are)
sympathetic concern. See shu
systems, rigid. See theories, rigid
Taiping (Anhui)
talent: conflict with prevailing intellectual fashion (see under fashion, intellectual); development of individual inequality of Kongzi on misuse of praise of Zhu Canmei’s and status for study of history
Tanzi
teacher(s): age of bureaucrats as and dao deference to distinguished from sages as intermediaries between Heaven and students Kongzi as of Kongzi necessity of origins and parents private proliferation of replaceable vs. irreplaceable sacrifices to and talents See also separation of teaching and governing
teaching, definition of
temples, conversion of
temporal provincialism See also historical context
texts, insufficiency of
textual studies. See philology
theodicy
theories, rigid See also particularism, ethical
things, actual. See qi (actual things)
“Three Comprehensive Studies,”
Tian Wangsun
Tianmen
trade: origins
truth
understanding: difficulty of (see misunderstanding); feelings as means towards feelings as means towards of others of the past (see also shu [sympathetic concern]); personal (“insight”) process of
unicorn (lin)
Virtue (in the specific senses of the Chinese word de). See de (Virtue)
virtue(s) (generic) cardinal false and Five Relationships Heavenly “thieves of,” See also “sprouts.”
vital force. See qi (vital force)
vocation. See history: as vocation; talent
WangAnshi
Wang Bi
Wang Chong
Wang Huaizu
Wang Shizhen
Wang Yangming criticized and writing
Wang Yinglin
warfare, origins
Way the. See dao
Wei Shou
well-field . See land ownership
wen (pattern)
Wen, King, of the Han
wenqi (literary spirit)
wenxin (literary mind)
will
wisdom (zhi) origins
women
words: and actions, discrepancy between establishing and heart-mind, See also Heaven: names imposed on; language
worthies: definition of emulation of and by understanding of and by
writing distinguished from dao and de and feelings good of history Essay 8, impermanence of origins purposes of and qi reading as prerequisite to reception of systems (see characters, Chinese); types of See also misunderstanding: of ideas; style, literary
Wu, Emperor, of the Han
Xi Xhaozhi
Xi Zaochi, Chronicles of the Han and Jin Dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xiang, Music Master
Xiao Yingshi
Xiong Bolong
Xu Guang
Xu Xing. See Xuzi
Xunzi
xuwei (open concepts)
Xuzi
Yan Hui
Yang Xiong
Yang Zhu
Yangzhou
Yi Di
Yi Yin
yi. See righteousness
yin and yang
Yin dynasty
Ying Shao
Yingcheng
Youruo
Youzi. See Youruo
Yu Yingshi
yuan dao (defining, or explaining origin of, the dao)
Yuan Gu
Yuan Mei: and literary art
Yun Gong
Zaiwo
zeitgeist
Zeng Gong
Zengzi
Zhang Hong
Zhang Huafu
Zhang Ji
Zhang Runan Letter 2
Zhang Shouyi
Zhang Xuecheng: ancestry birth career education of family reception of work themes of work Works: editions “The Analogy of Heaven,” 6 Essay 6; “Breadth and Economy,” Essay 7; “Conventional Convictions,” Essay 4; “A Criticism of Hypocricy” (see “Distinguishing What Only Seems to Be” and “The Difficulty of Being Understood,” , Essay 5; “Distinguishing What Only Seems to Be,” Essay 11; General Principles of Literature and History “Letter on Learning to Chen Jianting,” Letter 4; “Letter on Learning to my Clansman Runan,” Letter 2; “Letter on Learning to Zhu Canmei,” Letter 1; “On Learning,” Essay 2 “On the Dao,” Essay 1 “On the Meaning of the Word ‘Historian,’” “The Principles of Literature,” Essay 10; “Reply to Shen Zaiting Discussing Learning,” Letter 3; “A Treatise on Teachers,” 9, Essay 3; “Virtue in an Historian,” Essay 8; “Virtue in a Litterateur,” Essay 9
Zhang Yixuan
Zhao Zhixin
Zheng Xuan
zhi. See wisdom
Zhou Dunyi
Zhou dynasty: as Golden Age decline
Zhou, Duke of: compared to Buddhists compared to Kongzi (see under Kongzi); and dao historical context of as ministers as model sacrifices to
Zhu Canmei Letter
Zhu Jun
Zhu Xi and literary art on sages praised Works: Outline to a Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government
Zhu Yun
Zhuangzi (person): and history ; on mastery and arrogance on sages on schools of philosophy and writing
Zhuangzi (text) and “knack” or “know-how,”
Zi Ping
Zigao
Zigong
Zilu
Zuo Mei
Zuo Si
a When we compare the jiayetang edition of 1922 and the Daliang edition of 1833, we find significant differences here and in three places in the concluding paragraphs of the first part of Zhang’s essay. In each of these cases, I have included translations of both versions of the text. The Daliang version is used for the main body of the translation. Sections that differ from the Jiayetang text are highlighted by italics and appear within parentheses. The Jiayetang version follows immediately, inside pointed brackets.
On Ethics and History Page 25