Reporting Pakistan
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2. Shoaib Sultan Khan, The Aga Khan Rural Support Programme: A Journey through Grassroots Development (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2009).
3. Noel Cossins, Man in the Hat (Lahore: Vanguard Books, 2013).
4. Gulley Kuche, 1952.
5. Intizar Hussain, A Chronicle of the Peacocks. Translated from the Urdu by Alok Bhalla and Vishwamitter Adil. (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2004).
6. ‘J. S. Waterhouse’s Diary, 1864’, http://greenhowards.org.uk.gridhosted.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/Job-Waterhouse1.pdf.
7. Ian Stephens, Horned Moon (London: Chatto & Windus, 1953), 135.
8. In an interview with the author.
9. http://greenhowards.org.uk.gridhosted.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/Job-Waterhouse1.pdf.
10. Farakh A. Khan, Murree during the Raj: A British Town in the Hills (Lahore: Topical Printers, 2013).
11. In an interview with the author.
12. ‘VHP activists vandalise art gallery displaying paintings of Pakistani artists in Ahmedabad’, http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/vhp-activists-vandalise-art-gallery-displaying-paintings-of-pakistani-artists/1/300031.html.
13. Krishna Kumar, Prejudice and Pride: School Histories of the Freedom Struggle in India and Pakistan (New Delhi: Viking, 2001), 4.
14. A Missed Opportunity—Continuing Flaws in the New Curriculum and Textbooks after Reforms (Islamabad: Jinnah Institute, June 2013).
15. Krishna Kumar, Prejudice and Pride: School Histories of the Freedom Struggle in India and Pakistan (New Delhi: Viking, 2001), 44–45.
16. Hector Bolitho, Jinnah: Creator of Pakistan (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2006; first printed in 1954 by John Murray), 175–76.
17. ‘A most interesting thing to note is that this speech has been distorted with abandon in the Pakistan Studies textbooks of Balochistan.
The English book quotes the Quaid-i-Azam in the following words:
You are free, whether you want to go to temples, mosques or other places of worship, you are absolutely free. Whatever your religion or caste may be, the affairs of the state shall not be affected. We are heading forward with the basic principle that we are equal citizens of one state. I believe we must adhere to this principle, and you shall see that there would be no discrimination between the Hindus and the Muslims in terms of equal political rights.
18. A Missed Opportunity—Continuing Flaws in the New Curriculum and Textbooks after Reforms (Islamabad: Jinnah Institute, June 2013).
19. Ibid.
20. Krishna Kumar, Prejudice and Pride: School Histories of the Freedom Struggle in India and Pakistan (New Delhi: Viking, 2001), 76.
21. Ibid., 79.
22. Ibid., 130.
23. Ibid., 200.
24. Mohammad Yunus, Persons, Passions and Politics (New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House,1980), 61.
25. Kuldip Nayar, Distant Neighbours: A Tale of the Subcontinent (New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1972), 53.
26. Krishna Kumar, Prejudice and Pride: School Histories of the Freedom Struggle in India and Pakistan (New Delhi: Viking, 2001), 133, 137.
27. Ibid., 158.
28. Ibid., 195–96.
29. Kuldip Nayar, Distant Neighbours: A Tale of the Subcontinent (New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1972).
30. Ibid.
31. M. Mujeeb, The Indian Muslims (London: George Allen and Unwin Limited, 1967), 13.
32. Krishna Kumar, Prejudice and Pride: School Histories of the Freedom Struggle in India and Pakistan (New Delhi: Viking, 2001), 237.
Chapter 7: Civilian versus Military
1. Pakistan foreign office statement on 3 September 2013.
2. General Kayani’s statement on 29 November 2013.
3. Ayesha Siddiqa, Military Inc.: Inside Pakistan’s Military Economy (Karachi: Oxford University Press, fourth impression, 2011; Gurgaon: Penguin Random House India, 2017).
4. ‘People of Pakistan will celebrate if army takes over, says Imran’, 17 July 2016, http://www.dawn.com/news/1271411. Viewed on 23 July 2016.
Chapter 8: Reviving a Left-of-centre Politics and Other Stories
1. Interview with Minto in 2013 for The Hindu.
2. Zulqarnain Tahir, ‘Bilawal Bhutto’s initiative may lift ban on students union’, http://www.dawn.com/news/1233725. Viewed on 10 February 2016.
3. Iqbal Haider Butt, Revisiting Student Politics in Pakistan (Punjab: Bargad Organization for Youth Development, 2008).
4. Ibid.
5. Interview to The Hindu, 2013.
6. Personal communication with Duniya Aslam Khan, the public information officer of the UNHCR.
7. Personal communication with Duniya Aslam Khan, February 2017.
8. From personal communication with Duniya Aslam Khan.
9. ‘Pakistan Coercion, UN Complicity: The Mass Forced Return of Afghan Refugees’, Human Rights Watch, which has interviews with ninety-two refugees who returned to Kabul and twenty-three in Peshawar. The report was released on 13 February 2017.
10. From personal communication with Duniya Aslam Khan of the UNHCR.
11. ‘Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2012–13’ conducted by the NIPS and the ICF International, Calverton, Maryland, USA, in 2013.
12. ‘Odd foreign policy priority’, http://www.dawn.com/news/1213936/odd-foreign-policy-priority. Viewed on 1 May 2016.
13. ‘Supreme Court lifts hunting ban on rare houbara bustard’, 23 January 2016, http://www.dawn.com/news/1234663. Viewed on 1 May 2016.
Chapter 9: Bilateral Ties
1. The quarterly report of the Special Inspector General for Afghan Reconstruction (SIGAR) to the United States Congress on 30 January 2017 quotes US Forces Afghanistan (USFOR-A) which stated that approximately 57.2 per cent of the country’s 407 districts were under Afghan government control or influence as of 15 November 2016, a 6.2 per cent decrease from the 63.4 per cent reported in late August, and a nearly 15 per cent decrease since November 2015.
2. M.K. Bhadrakumar, ‘Why Pakistan feels bold enough to seek “strategic depth” in Afghanistan once again’, 16 April 2016, http://scroll.in/article/807161/why-pakistan-feels-bold-enough-to-seek-strategic-depth-in-afghanistan-once-again.
3. Attia Hosain, Sunlight on a Broken Column (New Delhi: Penguin Books India, 1992).
4. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, India Wins Freedom (Calcutta: Orient Longman, 1959), 197.
5. Sardar Patel, For a United India: Speeches of Sardar Patel 1947–50 (New Delhi: Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, revised and enlarged edition, 1967), 21.
6. Hector Bolitho, Jinnah: Creator of Pakistan (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2006), 163.
7. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, India Wins Freedom (Calcutta: Orient Longman, 1959), 226.
8. Mohammad Ayub Khan, Friends, Not Masters (London: Oxford University Press, 1967), 47.
9. Ibid., 42.
10. Ibid., 48–52.
11. Ibid., 52.
12. Kuldip Nayar, Wall at Wagah (New Delhi: Gyan Publishing House, 2003), 11.
13. Sardar Patel, For a United India: Speeches of Sardar Patel 1947–50 (New Delhi: Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, revised and enlarged edition, 1967), 155.
14. Mohammad Ayub Khan, Friends, Not Masters (London: Oxford University Press, 1967), 160–61.
15. Rajmohan Gandhi, Punjab: A History from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten (New Delhi: Aleph Book Company, 2013).
16. B.M. Kutty, Sixty Years in Self Exile: No Regrets (Pakistan Study Centre, University of Karachi, and Pakistan Labour Trust, Karachi, 2011).
17. Mohammad Ayub Khan, Friends, Not Masters (London: Oxford University Press, 1967), 123.
18. Ibid., 172.
19. Ibid., 183.
20. Stephen P. Cohen, Shooting for a Century (Noida: HarperCollins, 2013), xi.
21. Mohammad Ayub Khan, Friends, Not Masters (London: Oxford University Press, 1967), 128.
22. Kuldip Nayar, Distant Neighbours: A Tale of the Subcontin
ent (New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1972), 82.
23. Sheikh Abdullah was fond of comparing Kashmir to a beautiful body which both India and Pakistan desired. (Kuldip Nayar, Distant Neighbours: A Tale of the Subcontinent), 108.
24. ‘Kashmir: Looking Beyond the Peril’ was hosted by the Institute for Strategic Studies Research and Analysis Wing of the National Defence University, Islamabad.
25. Kuldip Nayar, Distant Neighbours: A Tale of the Subcontinent (New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1972), 105.
26. Nitin Gokhale, Beyond NJ 9842: The Siachen Saga (New Delhi: Bloomsbury, 2015), 11.
27. Pervez Musharraf, In the Line of Fire: A Memoir (UK: Pocket Books, 2008), 68, 70.
28. Ibid., 69.
29. It was only in June 2016 that the US State Department added the Jamaat-ud-Dawa and other aliases of the LeT to the list of designated terror organizations. (According to an official statement of the US State Department, the department has amended Lashkar-e-Taiba’s designations to add the aliases: Jamaat-ud-Dawa, the Al-Anfal Trust, Tehrik-e-Hurmat-e-Rasool and Tehrik-e-Tahafuz Qibla Awwal.)
30. Vaqar Ahmed, Abid Q. Suleri, Muhammed Abdul Wahab and Asif Javed, ‘Informal Flow of Merchandise from India: The Case of Pakistan’ (Islamabad: SDPI).
31. Ibid.
Chapter 10: Voice for Missing Balochis
1. Carlotta Gall, The Wrong Enemy: America in Afghanistan (Gurgaon: Penguin Random House India, 2014), xvi.
Epilogue
1. A.A.K. Niazi, The Betrayal of East Pakistan (New Delhi: Manohar Publishers, 1998).
2. Ibid., 35.
3. Jawaharlal Nehru, Independence and After: A Collection of the More Important Speeches of Jawaharlal Nehru, from September 1946 to May 1949, 247.
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Acknowledgements
As Pakistan correspondent for The Hindu, I was stationed in Islamabad and not allowed to travel, thanks to visa restrictions, and so reported on most events in the country based in the capital. I thank The Hindu and its former editor Siddha
rth Varadarajan for nominating me as Pakistan correspondent. The paper’s foreign desk with Srinivas Ghantasala, and later Prabhakar Subramaniam, apart from P.J. George and Hari Narayan, Suresh Nambath on the edit page, and Venkatesh Mukunth who handled the blogs were wonderful to work with, not to forget the news editor, P.K. Subramaniam. I also thank K. Sathyanarayanan and Harini from the accounts department. My predecessors in Pakistan, Anita Joshua and Nirupama Subramanian, made my job that much easier, as they had kept meticulous records and contact, and gave me valuable advice. My husband, Venkat Iyer, has always been there for me and was a great support during my posting, as also my family and friends. Islamabad was a comfortable place to live in because of the hospitable people, the media community and the friends I inherited and made. I am grateful to so many people, including many journalists and complete strangers who went out of their way to make me feel at home. I wish to thank Shoaib Sultan Khan, Shandana Humayun Khan, Amir Mateen, Anila Daulatzai, Mariana Babar, Arifa Nooor, Ayesha Siddiqa, Kishwar Naheed, Waqas Rafique, Lt. Gen. Talat Masood, Rustomshah Mohmand, Brig. Ayaz, Raza Rumi and many others, as also some who do not wish to be named. The Pakistan high commission officials in New Delhi and government officials and ministers in Islamabad were always courteous and helpful. I would also like to thank all the officials at the Indian high commission and their families for their hospitality and concern about our well-being. I am grateful to the Asiatic Library, Mumbai, for some of the books which were difficult to find elsewhere. I thank the editors of Penguin Random House for publishing the book, and Kamini Mahadevan. The Mumbai Press Club was very supportive after my expulsion, as were many other organizations, including the Committee to Protect Journalists. The Mumbai Press Club has an exchange programme with the Karachi Press Club, enabling delegations of journalists to visit each other’s countries. That’s how I first visited Pakistan. It was a wonderful exchange and a great way of learning about each other.
As I wrote in The Hindu on my return to India after I was expelled in May 2014, there are two states of mind in Pakistan, two states in that nation and the twain may not necessarily meet. These are only my experiences and they are not universal. I am not a Pakistan expert; there are too many around.