Townsend, Henry. Interview with Worth Long, Blues Narrative Stage, “Robert Johnson Remembered,” Smithsonian Folklife Festival. Washington, DC, 1991.
Watkins, Sammy, and Fred Morgan. Interviews with Gayle Dean Wardlow. Helena, Arkansas, May 26, 1968.
Williams, Eula Mae. Interview with Gayle Dean Wardlow, [date].
Zimmerman-Smith, Loretha, and James Smith. Interview with Bruce Conforth. Beauregard, Mississippi, May 2, 2007.
Books
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Anderson, James D. The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860–1935. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988.
Anderson, Jeffrey E. Conjure in African American Society. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 2007.
Barlow, William. Looking Up at Down: The Emergence of Blues Culture. Philadelphia: Temple UP, 1989.
Beaumont, Daniel E. Preachin’ the Blues: The Life and Times of Son House. New York: Oxford UP, 2011.
Berlin, Ira. Slaves Without Masters: The Negro in the Antebelum South. New York: Pantheon, 1974.
Bullock, Henry Allen. A History of Negro Education in the South from 1619 to the Present. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1967.
Bureau of Education. The Public School System of Memphis, Tennessee. Report of a Survey Made under the Direction of the Commissioner of Education. Bulletin, 1919, No. 50. Part 1: I. An Industrial and Social Study of Memphis; II. School Organization, Supervision, and Finance; III. The Building Problem. Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, 1919.
Burma, John H. Ed. Mexican-Americans in the United States: A Reader. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Publishing Company, 1970.
Calt, Stephen. I’d Rather Be the Devil: Skip James and the Blues. New York: Da Capo, 1994.
Calt, Stephen, and Gayle Wardlow. King of the Delta Blues: The Life and Music of Charlie Patton. Newton, NJ: Rock Chapel, 1988.
Charters, Samuel. The Country Blues. New York: Rinehart, 1959.
Charters, Samuel. Robert Johnson. New York: Oak Publications, 1972.
Cobb, James C. The Most Southern Place on Earth: The Mississippi Delta and the Roots of Regional Identity. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Cochran, Robert. Our Own Sweet Sounds: A Celebration of Popular Music in Arkansas. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas, 1996.
Cochrane, Willard W. Farm Prices, Myth and Reality. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, Minnesota Archive Editions edition, January 1, 1958.
Cohn, Lawrence. Nothing but the Blues: The Music and the Musicians. New York: Abbeville, 1993.
Cook, Bruce. Listen to the Blues. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1973.
Davis, Francis. The History of the Blues. New York: Hyperion, 1995.
Davis, Rod. American Voudou: Journey into a Hidden World. Denton: University of North Texas Press, 1998.
de Lerma, Dominique-René. Ed. Black Music in Our Culture: Curricular Ideas on the Subjects, Materials, and Problems. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1970.
DeSalvo, Debra. The Language of the Blues. New York: Billboard Books, 2006.
Dixon, Robert M. W., John Godrich, and Howard Rye. Blues & Gospel Records: 1890–1943. Oxford, UK: Clarendon, 1997.
Erikson, Erik H. Identity and the Lifecycle. New York: W. W. Norton, 1968.
Erikson, Erik H. Identity, Youth, and Crisis. New York: W. W. Norton, 1968.
Evans, David. Ramblin’ on My Mind: New Perspectives on the Blues. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2008.
Finn, Julio. The Bluesman: The Musical Heritage of Black Men and Women in the Americas. New York: Interlink, 1992.
Gioia, Ted. Delta Blues: The Life and Times of the Mississippi Masters Who Revolutionized American Music. New York: W. W. Norton, 2008.
Govenar, Alan, and Jay Brakefield. Deep Ellum: The Other Side of Dallas. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2013.
Govenar, Alan, and Jay Brakefield. The Dallas Music Scene 1920s–1960s. Charleston, NC: Arcadia Publishing, 2014.
Graves, Tom. Crossroads: The Life and Afterlife of Blues Legend Robert Johnson. Spokane, WA: Demers Books, 2008.
Greenberg, Alan. Love in Vain: A Vision of Robert Johnson. New York: Da Capo, 1994.
Guralnick, Peter. Searching for Robert Johnson. New York: Dutton, 1989.
Harris, Sheldon. Blues Who’s Who: A Biographical Dictionary of Blues Singers. New Rochelle, NY: Arlington House, 1979.
Hilliard, David Moss. The Development of Public Education in Memphis Tennessee, 1848–1945. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1946.
Hurston, Zora Neale. Mules and Men. New York: Harper and Row. 1990.
Hyatt, Harry Middleton. Hoodoo, Conjuration, Witchcraft, Rootwork: Beliefs Accepted by Many Negroes and White Person, These Being Orally Recorded among Blacks and Whites. St. Louis, MO: Western Publ., 1973.
Jenkins, Earnestine. African Americans in Memphis. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2009.
Jones, Lawrence A., and David Durand. Mortgage Lending Experience in Agriculture. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1954.
Kail, Tony. A Secret History of Memphis Voodoo. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2017.
Keith, Michael C. Radio Cultures: The Sound Medium in American Life. New York: Peter Lang, 2008.
Komara, Edward M. The Road to Robert Johnson: The Genesis and Evolution of Blues in the Delta from the Late 1800s through 1938. Milwaukee, WI: Hal Leonard, 2007.
Lauterbach, Preston. Beale Street Dynasty: Sex, Song, and the Struggle for the Soul of Memphis. New York: W. W. Norton, 2015.
Laws of the state of Mississippi, passed at a called session of the Mississippi Legislature, held in Columbus, February and March, 1865. Meridian, MS: J.J. Shannon & Co., 1865.
Lawson, R. A. Jim Crow’s Counterculture: The Blues and Black Southerners, 1890–1945. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2010.
Lee, George W. Beale Street: Where the Blues Began. College Park, MD: McGrath, 1934.
Lomax, Alan. The Land Where the Blues Began. New York: Pantheon, 1993.
MacAllister, John J. Hospital and Medical Facilities in Mississippi. Business Research Station, School of Business and State College, Mississippi, 1945.
Marcus, Greil. Mystery Train: Images of America in Rock ’n’ Roll Music. New York: Dutton, 1975.
Mason, Kenneth. African Americans and Race Relations in San Antonio, Texas, 1867–1937. New York: Garland, 1998.
McKee, Margaret, and Fred Chisenhall. Beale Black & Blue: Life and Music on Black America’s Main Street. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1981.
McLemore, Richard Aubrey. A History of Mississippi. Hattiesburg: University & College Press of Mississippi, 1973.
McPeek, Jan, and Naomi McPeek. Merchants, Tradesmen and Manufaturers Financial Condition for Bolivar County, Mississippi 1921: Information Obtained from the January, 1921 R.G. Dun Mercantile Agency Reference Book. Salem, OH: Aaron’s Books, 2003.
McPeek, Jan, and Naomi McPeek. Merchants, Tradesmen and Manufaturers Financial Condition for Coahoma County Mississippi 1921: Information Obtained from the January, 1921 R.G. Dun Mercantile Agency Reference Book. Salem, OH: Aaron’s Books, 2003.
McPeek, Jan, and Naomi McPeek. Merchants, Tradesmen and Manufaturers Financial Condition for Copiah County, Mississippi 1921: Information Obtained from the January, 1921 R.G. Dun Mercantile Agency Reference Book. Salem, OH: Aaron’s Books, 2003.
McPeek, Jan, and Naomi McPeek. Merchants, Tradesmen and Manufaturers Financial Condition for Leflore County Mississippi 1921: Information Obtained from the January, 1921 R.G. Dun Mercantile Agency Reference Book. Salem, OH: Aaron’s Books, 2003.
McPeek, Jan, and Naomi McPeek. Merchants, Tradesmen and Manufaturers Financial Condition for Tunica and Quitman Counties Mississippi 1921: Information Obtained from the January, 1921 R.G. Dun Mercantile Agency Reference Book. Salem, OH: Aaron’s Books, 2003.
Nager, Larry. Memphis Beat: The Life and Times of America’s Musical Crossroads. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1988.
Oakley, Giles. The Devil’s Music: A History of the Blues. New York: Taplinger, 1977.
Obrecht, Jas. Blues Guitar: The Men Who Made the Music: From the Pages of Guitar Player Magazine. Milwaukee, WI: Hal Leonard, 1990.
Obrecht, Jas. Early Blues: The First Stars of Blues Guitar. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2015.
Obrecht, Jas. Rollin’ and Tumblin’: The Postwar Blues Guitarists. San Francisco: Miller Freeman, 2000.
Oliver, Paul. The Story of the Blues. Philadelphia: Chilton Book, 1969.
Olsson, Bengt. Memphis Blues and Jug Bands. London: Studio Vista, 1970.
Palmer, Robert. Deep Blues. New York: Viking, 1981.
Payne, Darwin. Dallas: An Illustrated History. Woodland Hills, CA: Windsor, 1982.
Pearson, Barry Lee. Jook Right On: Blues Stories and Blues Storytellers. Knoxville: University of Tennessee, 2005.
Pearson, Barry Lee. “Sounds so Good to Me”: The Bluesman’s Story. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1984.
Pearson, Barry Lee, and Bill McCulloch. Robert Johnson: Lost and Found. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2003.
Powdermaker, Hortense. After Freedom: A Cultural Study in the Deep South. New York: Russell & Russell, 1968.
Puckett, Newbell Niles. Folk Beliefs of the Southern Negro. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1926.
Rubin, Dave. Robert Johnson: The New Transcriptions. Milwaukee, WI: Hal Leonard, 1999.
Schroeder, Patricia A. Robert Johnson: Mythmaking and Contemporary American Culture. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2004.
Sharp, Timothy W. Memphis Music: Before the Blues. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2007.
Spencer, Jon Michael. Blues and Evil. Knoxville: University of Tennessee, 1993.
Wald, Elijah. Escaping the Delta: Robert Johnson and the Invention of the Blues. New York: Amistad, 2004.
Wardlow, Gayle Dean. Chasin’ That Devil Music. San Francisco: Backbeat, 2001.
Woolfolk, Margaret Elizabeth. A History of Crittenden County, Arkansas. Greenville, SC: Southern Historical Press, 1991.
Writers’ Project of the Works Projects Administration in the City of Dallas—1936–1942. The WPA Dallas Guide and History. Dallas, TX: UNT Digital Library.
Writers’ Project of the Works Projects Administration in the City of Dallas—1936–1942. Along the San Antonio River: City of San Antonio. Dallas, TX: UNT Digital Library.
Writers’ Project of the Works Projects Administration in the City of Dallas—1936–1942. San Antonio: An Authoritative Guide to the City and its Environs. Dallas, TX: UNT Digital Library.
Articles
Barnes, Bertrum, and Glen Wheeler. “A Lonely Fork in the Road.” Living Blues 94 (November–December 1990): 27.
Calt, Stephen. “Robert Johnson Recapitulated.” Blues Unlimited 86 (November 1971): 12–14.
Calt, Stephen, and Gayle Dean Wardlow. “Robert Johnson (1911–1938).” 78 Quarterly 1, no. 4 (1989): 40.
Conforth, Bruce. “Ike Zimmerman: The X in Robert Johnson’s Crossroads.” Living Blues 194 (2008): 68.
Conforth, Bruce. “The Death of Robert Johnson’s Wife.” Living Blues 226 (2013): 5.
Conforth, Bruce. “The Business of Robert Johnson Fakery.” Living Blues 241 (2016): 7.
Davis, Francis. “Blues Walking Like a Man: The Complicated Legacy of Robert Johnson.” Atlantic 267, no. 4 (April 1991): 92.
Evans, David. “Ramblin’ David Evans: Robert Johnson—Pact with the Devil.” Blues Review 21 (February–March 1996); (Apr–May 1996); (June-July 1996).
Freeland, Tom. “He Would Go Out and Stay Out: Some Witnesses to the Short Life of Robert Johnson.” Living Blues 150 (March–April 2000): 42.
Garon, Paul. “Robert Johnson: Perpetuation of a Myth.” Living Blues 94 Special issue (November–December 1990): 34–36.
Gates, Henry Louis Jr. “Free Blacks Lived in the North, Right?” Root July 8, 2013, http://www.theroot.com/articles/history/2013/07/free_blacks_precivil_war_where_they_lived.
Guralnick, Peter. “Searching for Robert Johnson.” Living Blues 53 (Summer–Autumn 1982): 27.
Gurza, Agustín. “The Blues and the Borderlands.” The Strachwitz Frontera Collection of Mexican and Mexican American Recordings. http://frontera.library.ucla.edu/blog/2016/02/berlanga-y-montalvo-blues-and-borderlands.
Hammond, John. “Sight and Sound.” New Masses 23 (June 8, 1937): 30.
House, Eddie James “Son.” “I Can Make My Own Songs.” Sing Out! 15, no. 3 (July 1965): 38.
Hurston, Zora. “Hoodoo in America.” Journal of American Folklore 44.174 (1931): 317.
James, Steve. “Robert Johnson: The San Antonio Legacy.” Juke Blues (Spring 1988): 26.
Johnson, Henry (pseudonym for John Henry Hammond II). “Sight and Sound.” New Masses 22 (March 2, 1937): 27.
LaVere, Steve. “Robert Johnson’s Census Records.” Living Blues 203 (Summer 2009): 74.
LaVere, Steve. “Tying Up a Few Loose Ends.” Living Blues 94 Special issue (November–December 1990): 31–33.
Lee, Peter. “The Fella Y’all Looking For, Did He Die a Natural Death?” Living Blues 94 Special issue (November–December 1990): 2.
Moser, Margaret. “The Girl Who Met Robert Johnson: Shirley Ratisseau, Living History.” Austin Chronicle, August 3, 2012. http://www.austinchronicle.com/music/2012-08-03/the-girl-who-met-robert-johnson.
Obrecht, Jas. “Johnny Shines: The Complete 1989 Living Blues Interview.” Jas Obrecht Music Archive, 2011. http://jasobrecht.com/johnny-shines-complete-living-blues-interview.
O’Neal, Jim. “Living Blues Interview: Houston Stackhouse” Living Blues 17 (Summer 1974): 20.
O’Neal, Jim. “A Traveler’s Guide to the Crossroads.” Living Blues 94 Special issue (November–December 1990): 21–24.
Pearson, Barry Lee. “CeDell Davis’ Story and the Arkansas Delta Blues.” Arkansas Review: A Journal of Delta Studies 33 (April 2002): 3–14.
Perls, Nick. “Son House Interview, Part One.” 78 Quarterly 1 (1967): 60.
Reed, Stephen B. “One hundred years of price change: the Consumer Price Index and the American inflation experience.” Monthly Labor Review (April 2014), http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2014/article/one-hundred-years-of-price-change-the-consumer-price-index-and-the-american-inflation-experience.htm.
Richard, Melissa J. “The Crossroads and the Myth of the Mississippi Delta Bluesman.” Interdisciplinary Humanities 23 no. 2 (Fall 2006): 19.
Rubin, Dave. “Robert Johnson: The First Guitar Hero.” Living Blues 94 Special issue (November–December 1990): 38–39.
Scherman, Tony. “Phantom of the Blues.” American Visions 3, no. 3 (June 1988): 21.
Shines, Johnny. “The Robert Johnson I Knew.” American Folk Music Occasional 2 (1970).
Sydnor, Charles S. “The Free Negro in Mississippi Before the Civil War.” American Historical Review 32, no. 4 (July 1927): 769–788.
Waterman, Dick. “To Robert Johnson.” Living Blues 94 Special issue (November–December 1990): 42–43.
Welding, Pete. “Ramblin’ Johnny Shines.” Living Blues 22 (July–August 1975): 23–32.
Welding, Pete. “Ramblin’ Johnny Shines.” Living Blues 23 (September–October 1975): 22–29.
Welding, Pete. “The Robert Johnson I Knew: An Interview with Henry Townsend.” Blues Unlimited 64 (1969): 10–11.
Welding, Pete. “The Robert Johnson I Knew: An Interview with Henry Townsend.” Blues Unlimited 65 (1969): 15.
Welding, Pete. “The Robert Johnson I Knew: An Interview with Henry Townsend.” Blues Unlimited 66 (1969): 9.
Welding, Pete. “Hell Hound on His Trail: Robert Johnson.” Down Beat’s Music ’66 (1966).
Wilson, Charles Reagan. “Chinese in Mississippi: An Ethnic People in a Biracial Society.” Mississippi History Now. November 2002. http://mshistorynow.mdah.sta
te.ms.us/articles/86/mississippi-chinese-an-ethnic-people-in-a-biracial-society.
Yronwode, Catherine. “Foot Track Magic.” Hoodoo in Theory and Practice. http://www.luckymojo.com/foottrack.html
Multiple authors:
The Death of Robert Johnson. Special issue of Living Blues 94 (November—December 1990) This issue contains the articles “The Death of Robert Johnson,” pp. 8–20 with contributors: Jim O’Neal, pp. 9–10, 13–15; Steve Brazier, pp. 10–11; Deacon Richard Johnson interview by Peter Lee transcribed by Ken Woodmansee, pp. 11–12; Queen Elizabeth interviewed by Jim O’Neal, Peter Lee, Patty Johnson, and Matthew Johnson, pp. 12–13; Bob Scott interviewed by Kenwoodmansee and Peter Lee, p. 15; CeDell Davis interviewed by Chris Nesmith, p. 15; Memphis Slim interviewed by Jim O’Neal, pp. 15–16; James Banister interviewed by Jim O’Neal, p. 16; Johnny Shines interviewed by Matthew Johnson, pp. 16–18; Honeyboy Edwards interviewed by Matthew Johnson, pp. 18–20.
Films and Video
Hunt, Chris, dir. The Search for Robert Johnson. Sony Music Entertainment, 2000.
Meyer, Peter, dir. Can’t You Hear the Wind Howl: The Life and Music of Robert Johnson. Sweet Home Pictures, 1997.
Mugge, Robert, dir. Hellhounds on My Trail: The Afterlife of Robert Johnson. Mug Shot/Nonfiction, 1999.
Recordings
Dunn, Johnny. Four O’Clock Blues. Columbia A3729. September 1922.
Howell, Peg Leg Howell. Low Down Rounder Blues. Columbia 14320. April 1928.
Johnson, Robert. Robert Johnson, King of the Delta Blues Singers. Columbia. 1961.
Johnson, Robert D. Robert Johnson, King of the Delta Blues Singers, Volume 2. Recorded in 1937. CBS Records, 1967, vinyl.
Johnson, Robert. Robert Johnson, the Complete Recordings. Columbia, 1990, CD.
Johnson, Robert. Robert Johnson, the Complete Original Masters: Centennial Edition. Columbia, 2011, CD.
Smith, Bessie. Blue Spirit Blues. Columbia 14527, October 11, 1929.
Smith, Clara. Done Sold My Soul to the Devil. September 20, 1924. 140053 (Columbia-14039).
Smith, J. T. Fool’s Blues. Vocalion 1674, April 1931.
Liner Notes
Brooks, Michael. “In Search of Robert Johnson 78s.” Robert Johnson: The Complete Original Masters Centennial Edition. Sony Music Entertainment, 2011: 19.
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