Pentlow, Thomas 185
Pentrich, Derbyshire 319–25, 341, 346
People’s Charter Union 427
People’s Suffrage Federation 500
Perceval, Spencer 301, 307
Perkins, Corporal 125, 126
Perkins, William 80
Peterloo: aims of meeting 283, 365–6; casualties 329, 332–4, 337–9; effects of massacre 338–42, 343, 345; importance of 287, 358–60; leadership 290, 328–9, 358–9, 371; military action 329–32, 337–8; military forces 314, 329, 337–8, 358; processions 327–8; site 473; women 328, 334–6, 358–9, 439
Peters, Hugh 160, 164, 187
Pethick-Lawrence, Emmeline: background 474; and Christabel 474, 486, 526; imprisonment 478, 480, 504, 508–9; and Kenney 470, 471; name 481; tactics 509; WSPU ejection 509–10, 518; WSPU funding 474–5; WSPU leadership 478; WSPU tactics 476; WSPU treasurer 474–5
Pethick-Lawrence, Frederick (Fred): anti-war group 521; background 474; and Christabel 474; imprisonment 504, 508–9; and Kenney 471; tactics 498, 509; WSPU ejection 509–10, 518; WSPU funding 474–5; WSPU leadership 478
Petition of Right (1628) 30
Petty, Maximilian 160, 162, 163
Petur, William 86
Philips, Wogan 542
Phillips, Thomas 393
Pitkethly, Lawrence 371
Pitt, William (the Younger): campaign against radicals 258, 262, 265, 271; death 288; ‘Gagging Acts’ 272; on Godwin’s work 246; Habeas Corpus suspension 287; repressive measures 258, 268, 271, 272, 287; resignation 287; response to reform 219
Place, Francis 268, 291, 309, 352–3, 374
Platt, John 183, 184
Player, Sir Thomas 174
Plug Plot (1842) 401, 403, 407
Political Reform Union 428
Poll Tax: (1377) 52, 60; (1381) 52–3, 71; Community Charge (1989) 52
Polwhele, Richard 279
Poor Law Reform Act (1834) 370–1, 374, 379–80, 403
Poor Laws 15, 76, 369, 370–1
Pordage, John and Mary 185
Poynings, Robert 91, 99
Prentice, Archibald 338, 352
Presbyterians 150, 151–6, 165, 166
Preston, Thomas 308, 323, 354
Price, Richard 34, 223–8, 232–3
Pride’s Purge 170, 171
Priestley, Joseph 34, 255–6, 257, 281
Prince, Thomas 171
Prynne, William 132, 134, 140, 141, 142, 193
Putney Debates (1647): ‘Agreement of the People’ 32, 162–3, 164–5; franchise discussion 160–4; importance of 160–1, 170, 198–201; Ireton’s voice 159, 161, 163, 164, 170; manuscript 160, 198; problem of King 166, 168; Rainborowe’s voice 150, 161–2, 163–4; reserved rights 165–6; Sexby’s role 151; site 160; term ‘Leveller’ 157
Pym, John 137, 145–6, 147
Quakers 176, 191n, 193–4, 252, 278
Queenwood, Hampshire 409
Radical Reform Association 372
Rainborowe, Thomas: death 192–3; name used 199, 539; petition to Fairfax 167; at Putney Debates 150, 161–4; radical MP 129, 151
Ramsey, Michael, Archbishop 36
Ranters 131, 149–50, 157, 188–92
Rathbone, Eleanor 525
Rational Dissent movement 226
Rational Society 409
Rawfolds Mill 306, 307
Reading, Berkshire 149, 159
Reading, T. R. 424
‘Red Flag, The’ 476, 521
Redmond, John 511
Reeve, John 190
Reeves, John 197–8, 258–9
Reform Acts: Great (1832) 162–3, 208, 285, 337, 356–8, 379, 551; Second (1867) 428, 437, 438, 443, 444, 446, 466; Third (1884) 429, 450, 459, 470
Reform League 435–6
Representation of the People Acts: (1884) 429, 450, 459, 470; (1918) 163, 365, 440, 523–4; (1928) 440, 525
Resbury, Agnes 479
Revolution Society 222–3, 225, 247
Richard I (the Lionheart), King 5–6, 21–2
Richard II, King: accession 53; charter concessions 65–6, 71–2, 75–6, 120; Clerkenwell Fields meeting 70; consequences of revolt 77–8; Greenwich appearance 60; Mile End meeting 65–6, 75, 89; prosecution of rebels 75–6, 120; Smithfield meeting 59, 67–70, 120; in Tower 60, 64–5, 66; Tyler’s death 69–70
Richardson, J. A. 386–7, 389
Richardson, Mary 516–17, 517–18
Rigby, Edith 512
Rights, Bill of (1689): date 223; invoked 219, 238, 489, 548; Paine’s view 234; terms 197, 386
Rivers, Lord 90
Roberson, Hammond 306
Robespierre, Maximilien 275, 276
Robin Hood 4, 6, 8, 99
Robinson, George 246–7
Robinson, Ralph 112
Rochester: Bishop of, see Brinton; Cade’s rebellion 94; Castle 25, 56; fair (1450) 86
Roebuck, J. A. 373, 374
Rogerson, Ralph 103
Romilly, Samuel 291
Roper, Esther 466–7, 468, 469
Roscoe, William 266, 280
Rosebery, Lord 3
Rothermere, Lord 536
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 118, 242
Rowntree, Seebohm 529
Rudyerd, Sir Benjamin 30
Rumbold, Richard ‘Hannibal’ 195
Rupert, Prince 148–9
Russell, John 80
Russell, John, Earl (Lord John Russell): on Great Reform Act 370; on Kennington Common meeting 419, 421; premiership 417, 435; reform bills 350–1, 354, 356
Rylands, John 256
Sacheverell, Henry 367
Sadler, Michael 370
St Albans (1381) 56, 66, 71–2
St George’s Hill, Surrey 174, 178, 181, 182–3, 200
St John, Oliver 136, 137
Saklavala, Shapurji 532
Salisbury, Marquess of 471, 523
Salisbury, mutiny (1649) 126
Sampson, Henry 322
Sampson, Thomas 73
Sandemanianism 251, 252
Saunders, Henry 182
Savage, Mary 391
Savile, Sir William 138
Sawbridge, Alderman 219
Sawyer, John 88
Say, John 93
Saye and Sele, James Fiennes, Lord 81–2, 84, 85, 87, 90, 93
Saye and Sele, William Fiennes, Viscount 136, 137
Scales, Thomas, Lord 89, 92, 93
Schapper, Karl 408
Scotland: Covenanters 138, 144–5; Martyrs (1793) 262–4; Presbyterians 399
Scott, C. P. 503
Scott, Thomas 167
Second World War 538–40
Seditious Meetings Act (1795) 308, 326
Sedley, Antony 127
Selden, John 30, 31
Sellar and Yeatman 3, 21
Septennial Act (1716) 32, 205
Septvans, William 57
Seward, Anne 245
Sexby, Edward 151, 163, 193
Shakespeare, William 45
Sharp, Jack 80
Shaw, George Bernard 456, 459, 483
Sheffield: Chartist control of council 430; Constitutional Society 239; Corresponding Society 235–7, 238; economy 395; enclosure riots 238; industrialisation 367; planned rising 385; support for reform 291
Sheffield, Lord 106
Shell, George 383, 384
Shelley, Mary (Godwin) 128, 279, 340
Shelley, Percy Bysshe 280, 324–5, 340–1, 359, 552
Sheridan, Richard Brinsley 274, 290
Sherwin, W. T. 315
Sidmouth, Lord 315, 321, 327, 341, 344, 363–4
Sidney, Algernon 194–5, 198, 219, 220, 386
Simpson, Sidrach 152
Singh, Princess Sophia Duleep 500
Six Acts 337, 342, 347, 378
Skippon, Philip 151
Skirving, William 262–3
Slegge, Stephen 82, 89, 97
Smiles, Samuel 395
Smith, Samuel 450
Smith, Thorley 467n
Snowden
, Philip 506–7, 531
Social Democratic Federation (SDF) 118, 454, 456, 461
Socialist League 456, 460
Society for Bettering the Condition of the Poor 261
Society for Constitutional Information 237
Society for Individual Liberty 36
Society of Spencean Philanthropists, see Spenceans
Society of the Supporters of the Bill of Rights (SSBR) 208–9
‘Solemn Engagement’ 151, 159–60, 161
Solemn League and Covenant 175, 179
Solly, Henry 425
Somenour, Richard 67
Somerset, Earl of 84
Somerset, Edward Seymour Duke of 102–3, 105, 111, 113–15
Sotherton, Nicholas 105, 111, 117, 119
Southey, Robert 248–9, 280
Spa Fields riots 308, 309–11, 315, 318, 343
Speed, John 30
Spelman, Sir Henry 31
Spence, Thomas: background 231; biography 377; depictions of 280–1; influences on 202, 231; land plan 231, 280, 410, 547; loyalist attacks on 260; opponent of ‘big government’ 231, 280–1; on rights of man 232; tactics 274; writings 226
Spenceans: alliance with Hunt 307–9, 326, 343–4; depictions of 323; land reform programme 312; membership 308; Preston’s work 354; Spa Fields meetings 308–11; tactics 309, 312, 326, 343–4
Spencer, Benjamin 257
Spencer, John 143
Spenser, Robert 94
Spithead mutiny (1797) 273
Squyer, John 96
Stacy, Enid 464
Stafford, Sir Humphrey 90, 92
Stafford, John, Archbishop 84, 89, 90
Stafford, Sir William 90, 92
Standish, Ralph 70
Stanley, Sir Thomas 90
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady 463
Stapledon, Walter 52
Starr, William 183
Stephens, Joseph Rayner: on factory women 390–1; imprisonment 385; on Magna Carta 35; at Nottingham 406–7; oratory 370, 375, 381, 457; repudiation of Chartism 406; tactics 381–2; on universal suffrage 369
Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, Earl of 32, 141
Straw, Jack 54, 59, 80, 99, 118, 144
Strode, William 147
Stubbs, Charles William 426
Sturge, Joseph 406, 407
Sudbury, Simon, Archbishop 52–3, 56–7, 60, 64, 66–7, 73
Suffolk, Michael, Earl of 75
Suffolk, William, Duke of 81–2, 83–6, 96, 97
Surienne, François de 84
Surrey, Earl of 105, 106
Suspension Act 315
Sussex, Earl of 116
Sutton, Thomas 183
Swanwick, H. M. 520
Swedenborgianism 252, 376
Swift, Jonathan 250
Swinbourne, George 108
‘Swing’ riots 59, 355, 369, 370
Tailboys, William 84
Taylor, Helen 443, 449, 454
Taylor, John, Chartist 382
Taylor, John, nonconformist 257
Taylor, John, yeoman 183
Taylor, John Edward 339
Test Acts 225, 255
Thatcher, Margaret 228
Thelwall, John 253, 264–5, 266, 272, 289
Thetford, Norfolk 108
Thistlewood, Arthur 308, 323, 344, 345, 346, 347
Thomason, George 140
Thompson, Colonel Perronet 373–4, 414
Thompson, Cornet 125, 126
Thompson, Corporal William 126
Thompson, E. P. 11, 13–14, 127–8, 199, 281, 337
Thornycroft, Hamo 3
Tidd, Richard 346
Toland, John 202, 219
Toleration Act (1689) 235
Tolpuddle Martyrs 363–5, 375, 430
Tone, Wolfe 274
Tooke, John Horne 228, 237, 264–5, 266, 293
Totney, Thomas 185
Towle, Jem 303
Trades Union Congress (TUC) 430, 457, 533, 536, 537–8, 543
Trafford, Major 329
Tresilian, Sir Robert 76
Trevelyan, G. M. 54
Trevilian, John 82, 93
Triennial Act (1694) 32, 197
Triennial Bill (1641) 142
Tring, Arthur 506
Trivet, Sir Thomas 75
Tuddenham, Thomas 82, 83
Turner, Abram 405
Turner, William 323, 324
Tyas, John 328, 330, 336–7, 339
Tyler, Wat: background 56; at Blackheath 60, 99; death 68–70; demands 68, 69, 77; depictions of 6–7, 119; ‘Great Society’ 54; leadership 56–7, 66, 71, 120; at Penenden Heath 104; reputation 118–19, 122, 144; and Straw 59; tactics 113
Ulster Unionists 510, 519
Ulveston, John 82–3
Union for Parliamentary Reform 296
Union of Democratic Control 521
Unitarians 308
United Britons 274
United Englishmen 274
United Irishmen 274, 375
United Scotsmen 274
United States: Congress 220, 221; Constitution 220; Declaration of Independence 220, 224; emancipation of slaves 120; Fifth Amendment to Constitution 37; Paine in 12, 212–13, 214–18, 220–1, 276–7
United Volunteer Force 510
Vane, Sir Henry 194, 198
Venner’s Rising (1661) 195
Victoria, Queen 381, 393, 419, 441
Vincent, Sir Anthony 183
Vincent, Henry 374, 378, 406
Waddington, Samuel Ferrand 308
Wade, Arthur 374–5, 378
Wade, John 352
Waithman, Robert 292
Walker, Henry 147
Wallington, Nehemiah 134
Walpole, Sir Robert 197, 206
Walpole, Spencer 436
Walsingham, Edmund 64
Walsingham, Thomas 48, 54–5, 58–9, 65–6, 73–5, 119
Walsingham conspiracy (1537) 103, 105
Walter, John 406, 407
Walter, Thomas 88
Walters, Robert 321
Waltham Black Act (1723) 269
Walworth, Mayor of London 68, 70
Walwyn, William: aims 15; background 153–4; on civil war 137; imprisonment 171; on ‘levelling’ 157–8; on religious writings 153, 154, 155, 176; reputation 129, 198; ‘sword Leveller’ 178n
Wardle, Gwyllym Lloyd 291
Warenne, Earl 24
Warwick, John Dudley, Earl of 101, 109–10, 113, 118
Warwick, Robert Rich, Earl of 137
Washington, George 213, 221
Watkins, John 389
Watson, James 371, 372, 374
Watson, Dr James 308, 309, 310, 316, 323
Waynflete, William, Bishop 89
Webb, Beatrice 529
Webb, Sidney 530
Webbe, Thomas 157
Wedderburn, Robert 308
Weitling, Wilhelm 408
Wellington, Duke of 306, 344, 354, 355–6, 419
Wells, H. G. 456
Wendover, Roger of 26
West, Rebecca 515
Westminster: Abbot of 64; Abbey 147; constituency 289–90, 357; Hall 170, 172; Palace Yard 326
Westminster Chronicle 61
Westminster Freeholders’ Club 290
Wheat, James 238
Wheeler, Thomas 409
Whigs: ascendency 206; Burke’s perspective 227; Chartism 386–7; Glorious Revolution 220, 222–3, 234, 289; reform policy 294, 296, 350–1, 356–8, 370; relationship with radicalism 288–9, 291–2, 294, 296; view of history 7; view of Magna Carta 32–3
Whitbread, Samuel 291
White, George 418
Widebank, Sir Francis 141
Wilberforce, William 261, 298
Wilbraham, Bootle 348
Wildman, John: Agreement versions 165, 169–70, 171; background 158; career 196; death 196; exile 193, 196; on franchise 162; influence 129; on Ireton 159, 166; ‘levelling’ charges 129; Putney Debates 160, 162; reputation 198; ‘sword Leveller’ 178n
Wilkes, John 3
3–4, 206–9, 217, 218, 228n, 547
Wilkhous, Henry 86
Wilkinson, Ellen 537
Wilkinson, James 238
William I (the Conqueror) 6, 234
William III (of Orange), King 32, 195–6, 223, 233
William IV, King 356
Williams, Roger 154
Williams, Zephaniah 383, 384, 385
Wilson, Ben 423, 430
Wilson, Ethelinda 343
Wilson, Sir Robert 320
Winchester, ‘law of’ 67–8, 69, 71
Windham, William 265
Winstanley, Gerrard: background 174–5; beliefs 175–7; career 193; depictions of 13, 199–200; Digger settlements 182–5; digging at St George’s Hill 174, 182; importance of 198, 200; land policy 181–2, 410; legacy 201–2, 220, 231; and Ranters 188, 191; relationship with prophetess 185; view of law 547; writings 178–81, 186–8
Wollstonecraft, Mary: background 213; children 279; death 279–80; deism 252; depictions of 280; and Godwin 249, 278, 280; marriage 128, 278–9; on motherhood 441; and Paine 240, 242; printer 228n, 230; as protofeminist 245, 280–1; writings 228–9, 242–6, 261, 278, 282, 439
Women’s Cooperative Guild 444, 500
Women’s Coronation Procession (1910) 502
Women’s Exhibition (1909) 489
Women’s Franchise League 463
Women’s Freedom League (WFL) 481, 497–8
Women’s Liberal Association 450
Women’s Liberal Federation 514
Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU): ‘Black Friday’ 500–1; centenary of foundation 437–8; colours 483; conciliation bills 499–500, 502–4, 507; constitution 477–8; control of 477, 478, 481, 508, 509–10, 515; decline 518–19; employees 491; finances 474–5, 491, 505; forcible feeding of hunger strikers 493–7, 509, 512, 516–17; foundation 469–70; hunger strikes 488, 489–90, 493–7, 508–9, 512, 516–17; ILP relations 470, 474, 476–7, 481; importance 438; Irish policies 510–11; Kenney’s role 471; Labour relations 476; in London 473; marches 475–6, 481, 483–5, 501; membership 469–70, 513, 515; militancy 439, 471–3, 478, 480, 484, 488–93, 497–8, 501, 507, 512–13, 526–7; and NUWSS 480–1, 488–9, 504–5, 513–14, 518; prison experiences 479–80, 489, 508–9; social background of supporters 444, 470, 477, 480; ‘suffragettes’ 438; tactics 488, 490, 497–8, 501, 507, 509; trials 485–7; violence 488–93, 497–8, 501, 512, 516, 517–18; war work 520–3, 525, 528; WFL split 481–2; window breaking 488, 490, 503, 509
Women’s Suffrage Mandate Fund 514
Women’s Trade Union League 457
Wood, Sir Charles 397
Wood, Kinder 334
Wood, Matthew 346, 348
Woodall, Victoria 450
Wooler, T. J. 315–17, 336, 341, 352, 354, 551
Wrawe, John 72, 73, 76
Wright, Sir Almroth 456
Wrigley, Joseph 283
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