interior of society 109–12
Ivan Kraval' (director) 60–1, 119, 120, 122
missing millions 119–21
occupations 114, 118
population estimates 115–16, 119–21
questionnaire 114
and registration procedures 120–1
religious affiliation 111, 113, 118
rural–urban migration 116
sex 117
social transformations 114–15, 118–19
statisticians and demographers 114, 120, 121–3
Central Committee
arrests/executions of members 64
February–March plenum 170, 171
agenda lists 177–8
audit report: ungovernability and fear of chaos 188–91
dissolution and recreation of Party 193–7
elections 186–8, 197, 470–1, 503
factories 427, 429–30
indictment of Bukharin and Rykov 182–5
members 177, 178–9
saboteurs/wreckers 188–93, 227–8
tone and contributors 179–82
General Plan of Moscow 37, 38
rejuvenation of leadership 446–9
on suicides 168–70
Change of Landmarks (Ustrialov) 333
Changing Signposts (Ustrialov) 337, 338
Chapaev (film) 377
Cheka 478–9
see also NKVD/GPU
Cheka jubilee see Bolshoi Theatre, NKVD anniversary celebrations
Chernykh, Viktor Vasilevich 265–6
children
anniversary celebrations and terror 506–8
books and films 505–6
NKVD reception centres 509
orphaned by purges 488, 508, 509
Pilots of the Future (painting) 505, 507
responsibilities of 508–9
Chkalov, Valerii 295, 297, 313
chronotope approach 3, 4
Chukovskaia, Lydia 139
church bells 220–1, 340
churches see religious buildings
cinema see films/cinemas
classical music 439–42
classicism 234, 554
clubs/social organizations 59, 93, 396
collectivization
All-Union Agricultural Exhibition 238–40
Bezhin Meadow (film) 379–82, 384, 509
and famine 320–2
and industrialization 502–3
reality of 268
and registration procedures 120–1
uprisings/resistance 74–5, 119
see also rural–urban migration
Comintern 57, 73
anti-Comintern pact with Japan 99, 101
death of Ordzhonikidze 161, 163, 166, 167
Executive Committee (ECCI) 392–3, 394, 398, 402–3
Hotel Lux 57, 223, 402
radio 217, 218, 223
see also foreign communists/political émigrés
communal apartments
census 110–12
General Plan of Moscow 48
The Master and Margarita (Bulgakov) 19–20, 27–8
Communist Party
dissolution and re-creation of 193–7
members
new 446
suicides 167–70, 175–6
see also Central Committee; show trials; Trotskyite–Zinovievite Terrorist Centre (1936)
‘confessions’ 123, 129, 130, 525
Prosecutor Vyshinskii on 192
suicides as 168–9
conservation vs demolition 38, 44, 47
construction
October Revolution anniversary celebrations 349
see also architects/architecture; General Plan of Moscow; Palace of the Soviets
constructivism 229–30, 233, 241–3, 244, 280–1
consumerism see luxury goods
‘criminals’ 491–2, 493, 494, 495
Butovo mass graves 485, 489
culture
image-making 465–8
and leisure facilities 58–9
Palace of Culture 413, 414, 415, 416, 448
Pushkin Jubilee 145–7
radio 219–20
dachas 330–1, 362, 399
Butovo region 474, 477, 479–80
Davies, Joseph (US ambassador)
arrests/executions and disappearances 357–9
October Revolution anniversary celebration 344, 345–52
show trials 127, 129, 141
and high society 359–60, 361–3
sports parade 248–9
Deineka, Aleksandr 311, 505
democracy 431–2, 450–1
demolition
vs conservation 38, 44, 47
and new buildings 42–8
of religious buildings 46–7, 53
see also Cathedral of Christ the Saviour
department stores 209, 315, 317–18
and markets 319–20, 322–3, 324
Dervis, Vera Mikhailovna 262
The Deserted House (Sofia Petrovna) (Chukovskaia) 139
Dimitrov, Georgi 84–5, 177, 223, 391, 392–3, 399–400
October Revolution anniversary celebration 344, 352–4
Dingelstadt, Nikolai Nikolaevich 262
Diplomatic Corps, October Revolution
anniversary celebrations 345–52
diplomats
contacts 361
surveillance of 360
see also Davies, Joseph (US
ambassador)
Directory of All Moscow (1936)
editors 54
history of 54–6
topography of power 56–9
topography of violence 64–7
traces of the disappeared 59–64
disabled/handicapped, Butovo mass graves 489, 490
Disappearance (Trifonov) 59–60, 213–14, 365–7
disappearances see arrests/executions/ disappearances
Dmitlag labour camp 277–8, 283–8, 331
Dobrov, Sergei Aleksandrevich 262
double-dealers 76–7, 401–2
Dream (play) 308–9
Dunaevskii, Isaak 435, 437–9
Dutkevich, Georgii Aleksandrovich 262–3
Dzhrbashian, Tigran Arshakovich 262
ECCI see Comintern, Executive Committee (ECCI)
education
census 117–18
centres 92, 156
literacy 156, 158
physical culture movement 252
re-education of prisoners 288–92
see also schools
Eisenstein, Sergei 4, 384
Aleksander Nevskii (film) 382, 384
Bezhin Meadow (film) 379–82, 384, 509
Elagin, Iurii 340–1
elections 186–8, 197, 341–2, 470–1, 503, 511–12
exclusion of ‘former people’ 341
radio broadcast of Yezhov
campaign 216
electricity 47, 50
engineers 260, 261, 279–80, 287
ethnic groups 51
census 117
targets for persecution 102
Evreinov, Nikolai 141–3
executions see arrests/executions/disappearances; Butovo shooting range; NKVD/GPU
Exile (Feuchtwanger) 89
exiles
deportees 74–5, 491–2
Paris 141–3, 206–7
and ‘returnees’ 337
USA 457–8
see also Comintern; foreign communists/political émigrés
exploration 294–5
‘Bolshevik romanticism’ and terror 309–13
geological research and 258–9
North-East Passage expeditions 297–8
see also aviation; North Pole expeditions
factories/factory workers 427, 429–30
disappearances 64
General Plan of Moscow 41
see also Stalin automobile plant
families as ‘groups subject to punitive measures’ 497
famine/food shortages 121,
269, 317–18, 319, 320–2
‘A Feast in the City of Plague’
(Pushkin) 153–4
Fedorovskii, Nikolai Mikhailovich 265
Feuchtwanger, Lion 81–2, 318
anti-fascist movement and point of view 86–90
Belorusskii Station, arrival and departure 82, 93–4
impressions 92–3, 95
meeting with Stalin 82–6
on second show trial 127–9, 141
tour 90–1
filmmakers, arrests/executions of 61, 382–4
films/cinemas 59
Bezhin Meadow 379–82, 384, 509
Chapaev 377
children’s 505–6
The Great Patriot 379, 381, 386
The Jolly Fellows 378, 380, 383, 437
Lenin in October 372–3, 379, 384
as medium for national reconstruction 373–8
Mosfilm studios 378–82
and music 377–8, 383, 437–9, 463–5
New Moscow 33–5, 45, 47
Seven Brave Men 306, 385
Stalin’s interest in 373, 379
Stalin’s Tribe 249, 254–5
terror and entertainment 384–6
tour by Lion Feuchtwanger 90, 92–3
and tourism 330
USA 454, 456–7
Firin, Semen 290–3
firing squads see Butovo shooting range Fischer, Ernst 395
Five-Year Plans see collectivization; industrialization
flight
metaphor and perspective 12–15
see also aviation
Florenskii, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich 265
food
end of rationing 318–19
October Revolution anniversary celebrations 349
shortages/famine 121, 269, 317–18, 319, 320–2
US industry 456
football 250, 255
foreign communists/political émigrés 387–90
arrests/death sentences 499–500
Butovo mass graves 485, 490
Dimitrov’s diary 391
‘émigré psychosis’ 398
lists, dossiers and card indexes 402–3 and NKVD 65–6, 393, 401, 403
organizations, meetings and experiences 393–400
origins and destinations 392–3
world communism as world conspiracy 400–2
see also Comintern
foreigners
All-Union Society for Foreign Cultural Relations (VOKS) 90–1
Gorky Park of Culture and Rest 409–10, 411
show trial observers 127–9, 141, 541–2
xenophobia 504
forensics specialists 476
‘formalism’ 229, 232, 233, 237, 243–4
‘former people’ 339–42
The Foundation Pit (Platonov) 221–2, 549
Frederiks, Vsevolod Konstantinovich 265
Frunze Embankment 229, 235–6
Furer, Veniamin 169
gated communities 56–7, 394
General Plan of Moscow 12, 13, 35–42, 230, 236–7
book designers 35–6
capitalist vs socialist city 37–8
demolition
and new buildings 42–8
vs conservation 38, 44, 47
electricity 47, 50
ethnic diversity 51
housing 40, 48
human landscape and struggle for
survival 50–2
new landscape and infrastructure 40–1
Paris International Exhibition 202
population 38, 50–2
portraits of Stalin 47–8
radial structure 39
renaming 45
rural–urban migration 36–7, 48–52
sports facilities 251
suburbs 48–50
transport infrastructure 39, 41–2
water supply 39, 40, 41
geology/geologists
maps 258, 272, 467
and related sciences 257–60
enemies of the people 260–6
research and exploration 258–9
Seventeenth International Congress 256–8
Moscow–Volga Canal excursion 273
themes and tasks 257–8
Vladimir Vernadskii 256–7, 267–73
German and Soviet pavilions, Paris International Exhibition 204
German communist exiles 71, 387–9, 395, 399, 499
German Embassy 361, 363
German map (1941) 66, 538–9, 540, 541–3
German military attachés 411, 541–2
Germany
Gestapo ‘Special Wanted List: USSR’ 542–3
Nazi/National Socialist Party 75, 101, 102, 215, 224–5
pre-Second World War 99, 101, 102
Gide, André 69, 81, 88, 89, 92, 141
Gorky Park of Culture and Rest 409–10
on Gorky’s funeral 166
on luxury and shortages 317–18
meeting with Nikolai Bukharin 91
sports parade, Red Square 210–12
Glan, Betty 412
gold mining 259
Gorbunov, Nikolai Petrovich 261
Goretskii, Gavriil Ivanovich 261–2
Gorky, Maxim 81, 152, 163, 275, 342, 357, 440
Gorky Park of Culture and Rest, October Revolution jubilee year 404–6
arrest and imprisonment of director 412
children’s village 405
Parachute Tower 407
personal accounts 406–10, 411
programme 405–6
Gorky Street 66
Hotel Lux 57, 223, 402
reconstruction 34, 42, 159
government/bureaucratic institutions 56–8
Government House 394–5
GPU see NKVD
The Great Patriot (film) 379, 381, 386
Great Terror see Butovo shooting range
Gukovskii, Evgenii Aleksandrovich 262
gulags 468
Henrion, Ella 387–8
heroes/icons 250–4, 306–8, 445
Herwarth, Hans von 360–1
high society
arrests/disappearances 355–9
housing 365–7
masked ball at US Embassy 363–5
NKVD
and artists 367–9
inventories of searches 369–71
and show trials 359–63
Hitler, Adolf 99, 169
Hotel Lux, Gorky Street 57, 223, 402
Houses of the Soviets 56–7, 66
housing 40, 48
construction and design 234, 243
of factory workers 414–16, 422–3
Feuchtwanger on 92
of foreign communist exiles 395–6
gated communities 56–7, 394
of intelligensia 365–7
How it All Began (Bukharin) 532–7
hyperurbanization 37, 50
Iagoda, Genrkh
accusations against 191, 517
arrest 174, 291–2, 516–17
execution of followers 331
NKVD search inventory 369–71
show trial 519
suicide 174
icons/heroes 250–4, 306–8, 445
Il'f, Il'ia 450–5, 459–60
image-making 465–8
immigrants
census 110–11
see also foreign communists/political émigrés; rural–urban migration
Industrial Party trial (1930) 78
industrialization
and collectivization 502–3
geology and related sciences 257
topography of Five-Year Plan 131–6
see also show trials, second
industry
Central Committee plenum (February–March) 188–90
Commissariat 125, 143, 160, 170–1, 172–3, 238
informers
children as 508–9
The Master and Margarita (Bulgakov) 26
infrastructure
new landscape and 40–1
&n
bsp; transport 39, 41–2
Iofan, Boris 551–6
Izvestiia 145, 161, 184
Japan 99, 101
jazz (dzhaz) 58–9, 434–7, 438, 442–3
Jews 84, 93
anti-Semitism 426
The Jolly Fellows (film) 378, 380, 383, 437
journals see newspapers/magazines/ journals
Kaganovich, Lazar’ 240
Kamenev, Lev 71, 73, 78–9, 83
Moscow, 1937 Page 92