Benjamin Britten
Page 49
4 American Overtures
1. BB to Wulff Scherchen, 1 May 1939, LL2, pp. 631–2 • 2. BB to Lennox Berkeley, 3 May 1939, LL2, p. 633 • 3. BB to Aaron Copland, 8 May 1939, LL2, p. 634 • 4. CHPP, p. 84 • 5. BB to Ralph Hawkes, 16 May 1939, LL2, p. 641 • 6. BB to Beth Welford, 5 June 1939, MBB, p. 111 • 7. BB to Wulff Scherchen, 22 May 1939, JBBC, p. 91 • 8. BB to Lennox Berkeley, 19 June 1939, LL2, p. 668 • 9. BB to Enid Slater, 29 July 1939, LL2, p. 691 • 10. BB to Wulff Scherchen, 13 July 1939, LL2, p. 684 • 11. Interview with Donald Mitchell, LL2, p. 674 • 12. BB to Beth Welford, 14 July 1939, MBB, p. 117 • 13. BB to Ralph Hawkes, 10 July 1939, LL2, p. 683 • 14. EMI 5 58049 2, booklet note • 15. BB to WS, 9 June 1939, JBBC, p. 94 • 16. LL1, p. 14 • 17. MBB, p. 109 • 18. BB to Ralph Hawkes, 15 August 1939, LL2, p. 692 • 19. CHPP, p. 91 • 20. BB to Enid Slater, 7 November 1939, LL2, p. 734 • 21. CHPP, p. 92 • 22. BB to Barbara Britten, 3 September 1939, LL2, p. 696 • 23. BB to Ralph Hawkes, 3 September 1939, LL2, p. 697 • 24. Ibid., 22 September 1939, LL2, p. 701 • 25. BB to Beth Welford, 19 October 1939, LL2, p. 707 • 26. BB to Wulff Scherchen, 29 September 1939, LL2, p. 702 • 27. BB to Beth Welford, 23 October 1939, LL2, p. 718 • 28. BB to Hedli Anderson,? October 1939, LL2, p. 720 • 29. BB to Elizabeth Mayer, 9 January 1940, LL2, p. 761 • 30. Elizabeth Mayer to BB, 3 January 1940, LL2, p. 754 • 31. Peter Pears to BB, 9 January 1940, LL2, p. 759 • 32. Interview with Donald Mitchell, LL2, p. 766 • 33. Edward Barry, Chicago Tribune, 16 January 1940; Eugene Stimson, Chicago Daily News, 16 January 1940; LL2, p. 765 • 34. BB to Beth Welford, MBB, p. 128 • 35. BB to Beth Welford, MBB, pp. 131–2 • 36. BB to Sophie Wyss and Arnold Gyle, 15 March 1940, LL2, p. 779 • 37. Daily Telegraph, 31 January 1940, LL2, p. 782 • 38. Lennox Berkeley to BB, 30 January 1940, LL2, p. 781 • 39. BB to Antonio Brosa, 31 March 1940, LL2, p. 787 • 40. BB to Leslie Boosey, 2 April 1940, LL2, p. 791 • 41. BB to Beth Welford, 26 April 1940, MBB, pp. 140–1 • 42. BB to Enid Slater, 7 April 1940, LL2, pp. 799–800 • 43. BB to Barbara Britten, 1 August 1940, LL2, p. 837 • 44. BB to Beth Welford, 26 July 1940, MBB, p. 149 • 45. BB to Beth, Kit and Sebastian Welford, 30 June 1940, MBB, p. 147 • 46. BB to John Pounder, 7 April 1940, LL1, p. 822; BB to Enid Slater, 7 April 1940, LL1, p. 797 • 47. BB to Wulff Scherchen, 15 August 1940, LL2, p. 842 • 48. BB to Gustel Scherchen, 22 August 1940, LL2, p. 853 • 49. BB to Aaron Copland, 15 August 1940, LL2, p. 844 • 50. BB to Elizabeth Mayer, 22 August 1940, LL2, p. 845 • 51. BB to Ralph Hawkes, 2 September 1940, LL2, p. 855 • 52. BB to Beth Welford, 25 August 1940, MBB, p. 154 • 53. BB to Beth, Kit and Sebastian Welford, 25 August 1940, MBB, p. 160 • 54. CHPP, p. 106 • 55. LL2, p. 864 • 56. Colm Toíbín, New Ways to Kill Your Mother, p. 202 • 57. LL2, p. 865 • 58. Virginia Spencer Carr, Paul Bowles: A Life, p. 171 • 59. Ibid., p. 172 • 60. LL2, p. 900 • 61. BB to Antonio and Peggy Brosa, 20 December 1940, LL2, p. 899 • 62. Dorothy J. Farman, Auden in Love, p. 25 • 63. Stephen Spender (ed.), W. H. Auden: A Tribute, p. 101 • 64. CHPP, p. 107• 65. BB to Beth Welford, 12 May 1941, MBB, p. 162 • 66. Prince Fuminaro Konoye to the Director of the Cultural Bureau of the Japanese Foreign Office, LL2, p. 881 • 67. Ralph Hawkes to BB, 20 December 1940, LL2, pp. 891–2 • 68. BB to Ralph Hawkes, 27 November 1940, LL2, p. 888 • 69. BB to Peggy Brosa,? April 1941, LL2, p. 909 • 70. BB to Sophie Wyss and Arnold Gyde, 15 March 1940, LL2, p. 780 • 71. BB to Enid Slater, 7 April 1940, LL2, p. 799 • 72. LL2, p. 930 • 73. CHPP, p. 99 • 74. New York Times, 6 May 1941; Virgil Thomson, New York Herald Tribune, 6 May 1941; LL2, pp. 915–16 • 75. Eric Walter White, Benjamin Britten: His Life and Operas, p. 118 • 76. BB to Albert Goldberg, 20 December 1940, LL2, p. 893 • 77. Howard L. Koch, ‘Benjamin Britten: A Reminiscence’, LL2, p. 894 • 78. JBBC, p. 118 • 79. BB to David Rothman, 12 November 1941, LL2, p. 998 • 80. JBBC, p. 119 • 81. BB to Albert Goldberg, 24 May 1941, LL2, p. 933 • 82. CHPP, p. 110 • 83. BB to Beth Welford, 4 November 1941, LL2, p. 992 • 84. E. M. Forster, The Prince’s Tale and other uncollected writings, p. 127 • 85. BB to Elizabeth Mayer, 29 July 1941, LL2, p. 961 • 86. Peter Pears to Elizabeth Mayer, 5 July 1941, LL2, p. 951 • 87. BOM, p. 262 • 88. BB to Ralph Hawkes, 8 September 1940, LL2, p. 858 • 89. BOM, pp. 24–7 • 90. Ibid., p. 31 • 91. Sunday Times, 4 May, 8 June, 15 June 1941, LL2, pp. 958–9 • 92. Musical Times, June 1941, LL2, p. 870 • 93. Ibid., September 1941, LL2, p. 871 • 94. Ibid., October 1941, LL2, p. 872 • 95. BB to Beth Welford, 19 August 1941, MBB, p. 168 • 96. BB to Barbara Britten, 7 September 1941, LL2, pp. 973–4 • 97. BB to Wulff Scherchen, 9 September 1941, LL2, p. 977 • 98. BB to Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge, 24 July 1941, LL2, p. 959 • 99. BB to Peggy Brosa, 4 November 1941, LL2, p. 991 • 100. Ibid., 25 November 1941, LL2, p. 1001 • 101. Chicago Tribune, 25 November 1941; Chicago Daily Times, 25 November 1941; LL2, p. 1002 • 102. BB to Albert Goldberg,? December 1941, LL2, p. 1005 • 103. HCBB, p. 163 • 104. BB to Antonio and Peggy Brosa, 31 December 1941, LL2, p. 1009 • 105. New York World-Telegram, 23 December 1941, LL2, p. 1010 • 106. BB to Albert Goldberg, 20 January 1942, LL2, p. 1014 • 107. Christopher Isherwood, Diaries, Volume One: 1939–1960, p. 206 • 108. W. H. Auden to BB, 31 January 1942, Donald Mitchell, Britten and Auden in the Thirties, pp. 161–2 • 109. BB to Kit Welford, 1 March 1942, MBB, p. 174 • 110. Peter Pears to Antonio and Peggy Brosa, 10 March 1942, LL2, pp. 1023–4 • 111. PFL, plate 160 • 112. LL2, p. 1026
5 Where I Belong
1. BB to Bobby Rothman, 24 June 1942, LL2, p. 1067 • 2. Peter Pears to Beata Mayer, 31 March 1942, LL2, p. 1027 • 3. CHPP, p. 114 • 4. BB to Bobby Rothman, 24 June 1942, LL2, p. 1068 • 5. MBB, p. 177 • 6. BB to Elizabeth Mayer, 4 May 1942, LL2, p. 1037 • 7. Ibid., 17 May 1942, LL2, p. 1049 • 8. LL2, p. 1059 • 9. BB to Elizabeth Mayer, 30 September 1942, LL2, pp. 1087–8 • 10. Ibid., 17 May 1942, LL2, p. 1050 • 11. BB to Beata Wachstein, 6 June 1942, LL2, p. 1063 • 12. BB to Peter Pears, 1 June 1942, LL2, p. 1055 • 13. JBBC, p. 123 • 14. BB to Peter Pears, 1 June 1942, LL2, p. 1056 • 15. BB to Elizabeth Mayer, 5 June 1942, LL2, p. 1061 • 16. JBBC, p. 124 • 17. BB to Elizabeth Mayer, 30 September 1942, LL2, p. 1087 • 18. Observer, 26 July 1942, LL2, p. 1074 • 19. BB to Mary Behrend, 6 August 1942, LL2, p. 1072 • 20. BB to Elizabeth Mayer, 30 September 1942, LL2, p. 1088 • 21. BB to Ernest Newman, 18 September 1942, LL2, pp. 1075–6 • 22. The Times, 25 September 1942; Daily Telegraph, 24 September 1942; New Statesman and Nation, 3 October 1942; LL2, pp. 1077–8 • 23. CHPP, p. 121 • 24. HCBB, p. 178 • 25. Observer, 14 March 1943, CHPP, p. 120 • 26. BB to Elizabeth Mayer, 30 September 1942, LL2, pp. 1089–90 • 27. BB to Bobby Rothman, 29 September 1942, LL2, p. 1083 • 28. CHPP, pp. 119–20 • 29. BB to Elizabeth Mayer, 24 November 1942, LL2, p. 1073 • 30. BB to Peter Pears,? December 1942, LL2, p. 1105 • 31. LL2, p. 1109 • 32. BB to Edward Sackville-West,? October 1942, LL3, p. 113 • 33. James Lees-Milne, Ancestral Voices, p. 125 • 34. Edward Sackville-West to BB, 2 December 1942, LL3, p. 114 • 35. Observer, 6 December 1942, LL2, p. 1097 • 36. Peter Pears to Elizabeth Mayer, 13 February 1943, LL2, p. 1113 • 37. BB to Ralph Hawkes, 9 March 1943, LL2, p. 1120 • 38. BB to Enid Slater, 8 March 1943, LL2, p. 1118 • 39. BB to Ralph Hawkes, 12 March 1943, LL2, p. 1128 • 40. William White, History, Gazetteer and Directory of Suffolk, p. 173 • 41. BB to Elizabeth Mayer, 6 April 1943, LL2, p. 1144 • 42. MBB, p. 181 • 43. HCBB, p. 214 • 44. MBB, p. 183 • 45. BB to Enid Slater, 8 March 1943, LL2, p. 1118 • 46. BB to Peter Pears, 21 March 1943, LL2, p. 1133 • 47. BB to Elizabeth Mayer, 6 April 1943, LL2, p. 1144 • 48. HCBB, p. 185 • 49. LL3, p. 118 • 50. Peter Pears to BB, late March/early April 1943, LL2, p. 1140 • 51. BB to Peter Pears, 1 April 1943, LL2, p. 1141 • 52. BB to Ralph Hawkes, 29 March 1943, LL2, p. 1138 • 53. Walter Hussey to BB, 22 March 1943, LL2, p. 1139 • 54. BB to Elizabeth Mayer, 22 May 1943, LL2, p. 1151 • 55. John Amis, Amiscellany, pp. 173–4 • 56. BB to Walter Hussey, 28 May 1943, LL2, p. 1157 • 57. Ibid., 23 August 1943, LL2, p. 1160 • 58. HCBB, p. 190 • 59. BB to Walter Hussey, 26 September 1943, LL2, p. 1161 • 60. BB to
Elizabeth Mayer, 8 December 1943, LL2, p. 1173 • 61. Observer, 24 October 1943, LL2, p. 1176 • 62. BB to Elizabeth Mayer, 8 December 1943, LL2, p. 1173 • 63. Christopher Isherwood to BB, 18 February 1942, LL3, p. 92 • 64. CHPP, p. 115 • 65. BB to Peter Pears, 11 March 1943, LL2, p. 1124 • 66. BOM, p. 226 • 67. Paul Banks (ed.), The Making of Peter Grimes: Essays and Studies, p. 5 • 68. Ibid., p. 57 • 69. Neil Powell, George Crabbe: An English Life, pp. 180–203 • 70. TMPG, pp. 65–6 • 71. Peter Pears to BB, 1 March 1944, LL2, p. 1189 • 72. CHPP, p. 135 • 73. Peter Pears to BB, 11 May 1944, LL2, p. 1198 • 74. BB to Peter Pears, 10 January 1944,? April 1944, 12 June 1944, LL2, pp. 1181, 1191, 1203 • 75. Peter Pears to BB, 15–17 June 1944, LL2, p. 1206 • 76. BB to Peter Pears, 12 July 1944, LL2, p. 1209 • 77. BB to Peter Pears, 20 November 1944, LL2, p. 1237 • 78. BB to Mary Behrend, 10 February 1945, LL2, p. 1241 • 79. HCBB, pp. 213–14 • 80. TMPG, p. 44 • 81. Ibid., p. 42 • 82. HCBB, p. 222 • 83. Time & Tide, 14 June 1945, LL2, p. 1260 • 84. News Chronicle, 8 June 1945, LL2, p. 1256 • 85. A. L. Bacharach (ed.), British Music in Our Time, pp. 217–18 • 86. Observer, 24 June 1945, LL2, p. 1259 • 87. BOM, p. 50 • 88. Ibid., p. 51 • 89. TMPG, pp. 46–7 • 90. BB to Mrs Wright, 18 June 1945, LL2, p. 1252 • 91. Aldeburgh Festival Programme Book, 1995, p. 96 • 92. British Music in Our Time, p. 218 • 93. Rutland Boughton to BB, 3 July 1945, LL2, p. 1945 • 94. BB to Rutland Boughton, 29 August 1945, LL2, p. 1336 • 95. Yehudi Menuhin, Unfinished Journey, p. 179 • 96. LL2, p. 1274 • 97. Peter Pears to BB, 1 August 1945, LL2, p. 1272 • 98. HCBB, p. 228 • 99. BB to Mary Behrend, 3 December 1945, LL2, p. 1285 • 100. John Amis, Amiscellany, p. 181 • 101. The Times, 24 November 1945, LL2, p. 1288 • 102. JBBC, p. 148 • 103. Interview with Elizabeth Sweeting, LL3, p. 12 • 104. BB to Peter Pears,? November 1944, LL3, p. 102 • 105. Ibid., 24 January 1946, LL3, p. 139 • 106. BB to Ralph Hawkes, 19 December 1945, LL2, p. 1285 • 107. John Jolliffe, Glyndebourne: An Operatic Miracle, p. 47 • 108. BB to Ralph Hawkes, 30 June 1946, LL3, p. 198 • 109. BB to The Times, 8 July 1946, LL3, p. 213 • 110. John Jolliffe, Glyndebourne: An Operatic Miracle, pp. 48–9 • 111. Sunday Times, 21 July 1946, LL3, pp. 215–17 • 112. Observer, 14 July 1946, LL3, p. 219 • 113. Manchester Guardian, 15 July 1946, LL3, p. 220 • 114. New Statesman and Nation, 20 July 1946, LL3, p. 222 • 115. BB to Erwin Stein, 24 May 1946, LL3, p. 185 • 116. New York Times, 7 August 1946, LL3, p. 209 • 117. LL3, p. 225 • 118. Ibid., p. 201 • 119. Ibid., p. 265 • 120. PFL, plate 212 • 121. BB to Ernest Ansermet, 12 January 1947, LL3, p. 273 • 122. Eric Crozier to Nancy Evans, 28 April 1947, LL3, p. 277 • 123. Julie Kavanagh, Secret Muses: The Life of Frederick Ashton, p. 336 • 124. Ibid., p. 338 • 125. John Jolliffe, Glyndebourne: An Operatic Miracle, p. 49 • 126. LL3, p. 277 • 127. Eric Crozier to Hans Oppenheim, 21 June 1947, LL3, p. 294 • 128. The Times, 21 June 1947; Daily Telegraph, 21 June 1947; Observer, 22 June 1947; LL3, pp. 294–5 • 129. JBBC, p. 153 • 130. Ibid., p. 156 • 131. BB to Ralph Hawkes, 9 September 1947, LL3, p. 325 • 132. JBBC, pp. 155–6 • 133. BB to Peter Pears, 4 September 1947, LL3, p. 315 • 134. Aldeburgh Anthology, p. 8
6 A Modest Festival
1. BB to Peter Pears, 4 September 1947, LL3, p. 315 • 2. Aldeburgh Anthology, pp. 8–9 • 3. LL3, p. 318 • 4. BB to Lennox Berkeley,? 15 November 1947, LL3, p. 335 • 5. BB to Mary Behrend,? 10 November 1947, LL3, p. 333 • 6. Manchester Guardian, 12 November 1947, LL3, p. 335 • 7. BOM, p. 75 • 8. BB to Henry Boys, 24 November 1947, LL3, p. 338 • 9. BB to Peter Pears, 18 December 1947, LL3, p. 344 • 10. LL3, p. 300 • 11. HCBB, p. 265 • 12. The Times, 26 July 1948; Observer, 1 August 1948; New Statesman and Nation, 31 July 1948; LL3, pp. 301–2 • 13. BB to Ralph Hawkes, 27 February 1948, LL3, p. 373 • 14. BB to David Webster, 15 May 1948, LL3, pp. 390–1 • 15. BB to Anthony Gishford, 20 May 1948, LL3, pp. 392–3 • 16. HCBB, p. 262 • 17. East Anglian Daily Times, 18 December 1947, LL3, p. 346 • 18. BB to Elizabeth Mayer, 4 February 1948, LL3, p. 357 • 19. P. N. Furbank, E. M. Forster: A Life. Volume Two: Polycrates’ Ring, pp. 281–2 • 20. E. M. Forster, Two Cheers for Democracy, p. 190 • 21. Aldeburgh Anthology, p. 14 • 22. BB to E. J. Dent, 16 June 1948, LL3, p. 396 • 23. MBB, p. 192 • 24. BB to Elizabeth Mayer, 4 February 1948, LL3, p. 358 • 25. CHPP, p. 152 • 26. HCBB, p. 260 • 27. Cf. HCBB, between pp. 338 and 339, and Aldeburgh Anthology, facing p. 14 • 28. BB to Peter Pears, 18 October 1948, LL3, pp. 416–17 • 29. Peter Pears to BB, 19 October 1948, LL3, p. 418 • 30. BB to Peter Pears, 22 October 1948, LL3, p. 420 • 31. Ibid., 28 October 1948, LL3, p. 442 • 32. Ibid., 31 October 1948, LL3, p. 449 • 33. Ibid., 5 November 1948, LL3, p. 456 • 34. BB to Serge Koussevitzky, 12 January 1947, LL3, p. 279 • 35. BB to Peter Pears, 22 October 1948, LL3, p. 419 • 36. Ibid., 5 November 1948, LL3, p. 456 • 37. BB to Serge Koussevitzky, December 1948, LL3, p. 465 • 38. BB to Peter Pears, before 18 March 1949, LL3, p. 496 • 39. BB to Serge Koussevitzky, 15 July 1949, LL3, p. 521 • 40. BB to Ralph Hawkes, 24 March 1949, LL3, p. 501 • 41. Eric Crozier to Nancy Evans, 7 April 1949, LL3, p. 506 • 42. BB to Peter Pears, 8 April 1949, LL3, p. 506 • 43. E. M. Forster to Eric Crozier, 24 October 1948, LL3, p. 429 • 44. E. M. Forster, Aspects of the Novel, pp. 145–6 • 45. E. M. Forster to BB, 11 November 1948, LL3, p. 411 • 46. Eric Crozier to Nancy Evans, 11 March 1949, LL3, p. 498 • 47. BB to Ralph Hawkes, 24 March 1949, LL3, p. 501 • 48. Eric Crozier to Nancy Evans, 22 August 1949, LL3, p. 537 • 49. Ibid.,? July 1949, LL3, p. 521 • 50. BB to Ralph Hawkes, 29 May 1949, LL3, p. 513 • 51. BB to Erwin Stein, 5 November 1949, LL3, p. 551 • 52. BB to Nancy Evans and Eric Crozier, December 1949, LL2, p. 559 • 53. BB to Peter Pears, 21 January 1950, LL3, p. 569 • 54. Times Literary Supplement, 19 February 1949, LL3, p. 504 • 55. LL2, p. 1011 • 56. BOM, pp. 108–10 • 57. Peter Pears to BB, 21 February 1951, LL3, p. 653 • 58. BB to Barbara Britten, 30 April 1950, LL3, p. 587 • 59. E. M. Forster to Bob Buckingham, 23 April 1950, LL3, p. 588 • 60. Wendy Moffat, E. M. Forster: A New Life, p. 298 • 61. E. M. Forster to BB, early December 1950, LL3, p. 618 • 62. P. N. Furbank, E. M. Forster: A Life. Volume Two: Polycrates’ Ring, p. 285 • 63. BB to Erwin Stein, 9 September 1951, LL3, p. 677 • 64. JBBC, p. 217 • 65. Herman Melville, Billy Budd, p. 18 • 66. Ibid., p. 85 • 67. Ibid., p. 33 • 68. Ibid., p. 59 • 69. Ibid., p. 80 • 70. Ibid., p. 34 • 71. Ibid., p. 31 • 72. HCBB, p. 299 • 73. Spectator, 7 December 1951, LL3, p. 692 • 74. John Ireland to BB, 24 December 1951, LL3, p. 700 • 75. HCBB, p. 300 • 76. MKBB, p. 200 • 77. Ian Bostridge, A Singer’s Notebook, p. 222 • 78. LL4, p. 321 • 79. BB to Basil Coleman, 8 January 1952, LL4, p. 21 • 80. Birmingham Post, 23 January 1952; The Times, 5 February 1952; LL4, pp. 36–7 • 81. BB to William Plomer, 27 April 1952, LL4, p. 57 • 82. BB to William Plomer, 7 May 1952, LL4, p. 60 • 83. Eric Walter White, Benjamin Britten: His Life and Operas, p. 79 • 84. BB to William Plomer, 11 May 1962, LL4, p. 63 • 85. Peter F. Alexander, William Plomer: A Biography, pp. 269–79 • 86. MKBB, p. 64 • 87. Christopher Grogan, Imogen Holst: A Life in Music, p. 213 • 88. Ibid., p. 251 • 89. Ibid., p. 201 • 90. William Plomer to BB, 13 January 1953, LL4, p. 119 • 91. BB to William Plomer, 21 January 1953, LL4, p. 118 • 92. Peter F. Alexander, William Plomer: A Biography, pp. 278–9 • 93. BB to Lennox Berkeley, after 28 June 1953, LL4, p. 162 • 94. Philip Norman, Shout! The True Story of The Beatles, p. 191 • 95. BB to William Plomer, 20 July 1953, LL4, p. 165 • 96. BB to Elizabeth Mayer, 30 August 1953, LL4, p. 177 • 97. Daily Express, 12 June 1953, LL4, p. 152 • 98. The Times, 18 June 1953; The Times, 20 June 1953; Spectator, 19 June 1953; LL4, pp. 160–1 • 99. HCBB, p. 99 • 100. HCBB, pp. 349–50 • 101. IHLM, pp. 243–4 • 102. JBBC, p. 162 • 103. Interview with Donald Mitchell, LL4, pp. 68–9 • 104. IHLM, p. 291 • 105. Ibid., p. 292 • 106. BB to Elizabeth Mayer, 30 August 1953, LL4, p. 177 • 107. LL4, p. 164 • 108. BB to Ronald Duncan, 11 September 1951, LL3, p. 675 • 109. HCBB, p. 297 • 110. Interview with Donald Mitchell, LL2, p. 1339 • 111. LL4, p. 164 • 112. Christopher Isherwood, Diaries, Volume Two: 1960–19
69, p. 443 • 113. HCBB, p. 328 • 114. BB to Elizabeth Mayer, 30 August 1953, LL4, p. 178 • 115. IHLM, p. 298 • 116. Thomas Hardy, Jude the Obscure, p. 41 • 117. IHLM, p. 300 • 118. Yorkshire Post, 9 October 1953, LL4, p. 186 • 119. BB to E. M. Forster, 25 October 1953, LL4, p. 187 • 120. Interview with Donald Mitchell, LL4, p. 179 • 121. Henry James, The Turn of the Screw and The Aspern Papers, p. 203 • 122. Interview with Humphrey Carpenter, LL4, p. 88 • 123. JBBC, p. 194 • 124. Ibid., p. 199 • 125. LL3, p. 25 • 126. JBBC, p. 198 • 127. BB to Basil Coleman, 29 May 1954, LL4, p. 248 • 128. JBBC, p. 207 • 129. HCBB, p. 359 • 130. BB and Peter Pears to Princess Margaret of Hesse and the Rhine, after 14 September 1954, LL4, p. 272 • 131. JBBC, pp. 207–8 • 132. HCBB, p. 360 • 133. Manchester Guardian, 15 September 1954; Sunday Times, 19 September 1954, LL4; pp. 275, 277 • 134. Interview with Charles Markes, LL4, p. 268 • 135. BB to Desmond Shawe-Taylor, 6 November 1954, LL4, p. 300 • 136. BB to Edward Sackville-West, 16 October 1954, LL4, p. 296 • 137. The Record Guide Supplement, p. 45 • 138. LL4, p. 253
7 The Poetry in the Pity
1. IHLM, p. 318 • 2. BB to Edith Sitwell, 27 September 1954, LL4, p. 289 • 3. MKBB, p. 212 • 4. Edith Sitwell to BB, 26 April 1955, LL4, p. 316 • 5. IHLM, p. 202 • 6. Ibid., p. 205 • 7. LL4, pp. 269–70 • 8. JBBC, pp. 224, 226 • 9. BB to Lord Harewood, 9 December 1955, LL4, p. 356 • 10. BB and Peter Pears to Imogen Holst, 1 December 1955, LL4, p. 353 • 11. BB to Roger Duncan, 19 December 1955, LL4, p. 368 • 12. BB and Peter Pears to Mary Potter, 23 December 1955, LL4, p. 374 • 13. The Travel Diaries of Peter Pears, p. 30 • 14. Ibid., p. 33 • 15. Ibid., p. 35 • 16. CHPP, p. 183 • 17. PPTD, p. 36 • 18. BB to Imogen Holst, 17 December 1955, LL4, p. 385 • 19. CHPP, p. 185 • 20. BB to Roger Duncan, 18 January 1956, LL4, p. 395 • 21. BB to James Blades, 25 January 1956, LL4, p. 398 • 22. BB to Ninette de Valois, 23 January 1956, LL4, p. 391 • 23. BB to Imogen Holst, 8 February 1956, LL4, p. 400 • 24. BB to Roger Duncan, 21 February 1956, LL4, pp. 408–9 • 25. BB to Princess Margaret of Hesse and the Rhine, 20 March 1956, LL4, p. 429 • 26. HCBB, p. 369 • 27. BB to Basil Douglas, 22 December 1955, LL4, p. 371 • 28. BB to William Plomer, 13 May 1956, LL4, pp. 454–5 • 29. BB to David Webster, 28 May 1956, LL4, p. 456 • 30. BB to Prince Ludwig of Hesse and the Rhine, 7 November 1956, LL4, p. 471 • 31. IHLM, p. 349 • 32. Ibid., p. 350 • 33. Daily Telegraph, 2 January 1957; The Times, 2 January 1957; Sunday Times, 6 January 1957; Musical Times, February 1957; LL4, pp. 482–5 • 34. HCBB, p. 379 • 35. BB to Anthony Gishford, 8 April 1957, LL4, pp. 521–2 • 36. Eric Walter White, Benjamin Britten: His Life and Operas, p. 83 • 37. BB to the artistic directors of the English Opera Group, 31 January 1957, LL4, p. 503 • 38. BB to Basil Coleman, 31 January 1957, LL4, p. 507 • 39. BB to Basil Douglas, 20 March 1957, LL4, p. 520 • 40. IHLM, p. 355 • 41. BB to Basil Douglas, 27 October 1957, LL4, p. 571 • 42. David Herbert (ed.), The Operas of Benjamin Britten, p. 44 • 43. IHLM, p. 356 • 44. HCBB, p. 385 • 45. Manchester Guardian, 19 June 1958; Sunday Times, 22 June 1958; LL5, pp. 49–52 • 46. New Aldeburgh Anthology, p. 96 • 47. MKBB, p. 215 • 48. BB to the Countess of Harewood, 20 August 1958, LL5, pp. 62–3 • 49. BB to Princess Margaret of Hesse and the Rhine, 20 August 1958, LL5, p. 65 • 50. Ian Bostridge, A Singer’s Notebook, p. 216 • 51. Peter Evans, The Music of Benjamin Britten, p. 375 • 52. BB to William Plomer, 8 October 1958, LL5, p. 89 • 53. BB to Barbara Britten, 15 December 1958, LL5, p. 98 • 54. BB to John Culshaw, 25 November 1959, LL5, p. 68 • 55. The Gramophone, October 1959, p. 189 • 56. JBBC, p. 171 • 57. HCBB, p. 407 • 58. BB to Alfred Deller, 18 August 1959, LL5, p. 173 • 59. BB to the Earl of Harewood, 6 September 1959, LL5, p. 182 • 60. BB to Peter Pears, 14 December 1959, LL5, p. 199 • 61. Peter Pears to BB, 17 December 1959, LL5, p. 201 • 62. BB to William Glock, 12 January 1960, LL5, p. 202 • 63. BB to Elizabeth Mayer, 11 April 1960, LL5, p. 219 • 64. BB to Roger Duncan, 13 April 1960, LL5, p. 223 • 65. IHLM, p. 363 • 66. LL5, p. 276 • 67. Mstislav Rostropovich to BB, 12 October 1960, LL5, p. 278 • 68. BB to Peter Pears, 17 January 1961, LL5, p. 294 • 69. Mstislav Rostropovich to BB, 11 February 1961, LL5, p. 298 • 70. ‘Three Friends’, Observer, 27 November 1977 • 71. BB to Galina Vishnevskaya, 1 April 1961, LL5, pp. 324–5 • 72. The Times, 10 July 1961, LL5, p. 301 • 73. HCBB, p. 403 • 74. Galina Vishnevskaya, Galina, p. 364 • 75. HCBB, p. 404 • 76. BB to John Lowe, 8 October 1958, LL5, p. 72 • 77. Galina Vishnevskaya, Galina, p. 365 • 78. BB to Christopher Isherwood, 11 September 1961, LL5, p. 349 • 79. HCBB, p. 408 • 80. BB to Basil Coleman, 29 October 1961, LL5, p. 356 • 81. BB to E. M. Forster, 21 April 1962, LL5, p. 392 • 82. Galina Vishnevskaya, Galina, p. 367 • 83. BB to William Plomer, 5 June 1962, LL5, p. 401 • 84. ‘War Requiem: The First Performances’, 1986, LL5, p. 403 • 85. Time & Tide, 7 June 1962; Musical Times, July 1962; The Times, 31 May 1962; Sunday Times, 3 June 1962; LL5, pp. 403–7 • 86. Harold Owen to BB, 31 May 1962, LL5, p. 409 • 87. Wilfred Owen, Collected Poems, p. 31 • 88. BB to William Plomer, 5 June 1962, LL5, p. 402 • 89. Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Echoes of a Lifetime, p. 258 • 90. ‘War Requiem: The First Performances’, 1986, LL5, p. 403 • 91. Mstislav Rostropovich to BB, early March 1962, LL5, p. 385 • 92. BB to Mstislav Rostropovich, July 1962, LL5, p. 410 • 93. BB to Prince Ludwig and Princess Margaret of Hesse and the Rhine, 26 September 1962, LL5, p. 436 • 94. BB to William Plomer, 1 November 1962, LL5, p. 444 • 95. BB to Peter Pears, 29 October 1962, LL5, p. 445 • 96. Peter Pears to BB, 30 October 1962, LL5, p. 445 • 97. BB to Desmond Shawe-Taylor, 15 November 1962, LL5, p. 448 • 98. BB to Prince Ludwig and Princess Margaret of Hesse and the Rhine, 23 October 1962, LL5, p. 442 • 99. BOM, p. 217 • 100. Ibid., p. 218 • 101. LL5, p. 373 • 102. William Plomer to BB, 12 December 1962, LL5, p. 452 • 103. John Culshaw to BB, 11 January 1963; BB to John Culshaw, 12 January 1963; LL5, p. 460 • 104. John Culshaw, Putting the Record Straight, p. 313 • 105. The Gramophone, March 1968, p. 475 • 106. BB to Paul Sacher, 13 January 1963, LL5, p. 465 • 107. BB to Elizabeth Mayer, 1 March 1963, LL5, p. 466 • 108. BB to William Plomer, 7 April 1963, LL5, p. 470 • 109. Mstislav Rostropovich to BB, 30 May 1963, LL5, p. 473 • 110. Daily Telegraph, 2 September 1963, LL5, p. 496 • 111. Donald Mitchell to BB, 3 October 1963, LL5, p. 506 • 112. BB to Kenneth Clark, 28 November 1963, LL5, p. 525 • 113. BB to George Malcolm, 28 November 1963, LL5, p. 529 • 114. William Walton to BB, 23 November 1963, LL5, p. 538 • 115. T. J. E. Sewell to BB, 21 November 1963, LL5, p. 532 • 116. BB to William Plomer, 10 November 1963, LL5, p. 526 • 117. Richard Taruskin, The Oxford History of Western Music, Volume 5, p. 224 • 118. BOM, p. 245 • 119. BB to John Piper, 25 January 1964, LL5, p. 549 • 120. BB to Nicholas Maw, 27 October 1963, LL5, p. 510 • 121. BB to Peter Maxwell Davies, 18 November 1963, LL5, p. 522 • 122. BB to Donald Mitchell, 5 February 1964, LL5, p. 552 • 123. Donald Mitchell to BB, 17 February 1964, LL5, p. 555 • 124. LL5, p. 575 • 125. William Plomer to BB, 2 March 1964, LL5, p. 563 • 126. BB to William Plomer, 7 March 1964, LL5, p. 569 • 127. HCBB, pp. 426–7 • 128. Daily Telegraph, 12 March 1964, LL5, p. 572 • 129. David Matthews, Britten, p. 133 • 130. MKBB, p. 242 • 131. AA2, p. 263 • 132. Ernst Roth to BB, 22 April 1964, LL5, p. 572 • 133. Daily Telegraph, 20 June 1964, HCBB, p. 432 • 134. BOM, p. 326 • 135. E. H. Fellowes (ed.), English Madrigal Verse 1588–1632, p. 466 • 136. IHLM, p. 377 • 137. The Times, 15 June 1964, LL5, p. 584 • 138. BOM, pp. 255–63 • 139. BB to William Plomer, 8 September 1964, LL5, p. 603 • 140. BOM, p. 269 • 141. HCBB, p. 417