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Notes
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN NOTES
A/A/C/S Acting Assistant Chief of Staff
A/C/S Assistant Chief of Staff
A/G Adjutant General
ASS Active Service Section
Bde Brigade
BMH Bureau of Military History
Bn Battalion
CnmB Cumann na mBan
C/S Chief of Staff (IV)
DAG Deputy Adjutant General
D/C/S Deputy Chief of Staff
DE Dáil Éireann
Div. Division
D/O Director of Organization
D/P Director of Publicity
HLRO House of Lords Record Office
Inf. Infantry
IO Intelligence Officer
IWM Imperial War Museum
LGP Lloyd George papers
MAI Military Archives, Ireland
MCI Military Court of Inquiry in Lieu of Inquest
M/D Minister for Defence
MSP Military Service Pensions Archive, MAI
NA National Archives, London
NAI National Archives of Ireland
ND Northern Division (IRA)
NLI National Library of Ireland
PRONI Public Record Office, Northern Ireland
QMG Quartermaster General
SD Southern Division (IRA)
S/S Secretary of State
UCDA University College Dublin Archive
WD Western Division (IRA)
WS Witness Statement
INTRODUCTION: UP THE REPUBLIC! REPUBLICANISM IN IRELAND
1. Matthew Kelly, ‘The Irish People and the Disciplining of Dissent’, in Fearghal McGarry and James McConnel (eds.), The Black Hand of Republicanism: Fenianism in Modern Ireland (Dublin 2009), p. 37.
2. Florence O’Donoghue, ‘Illumination’, in John Borgonovo (ed.), Florence and Josephine O’Donoghue’s War of Independence: A Destiny that Shapes our Ends (Dublin 2006), p. 31.
3. Tom Garvin, Nationalist Revolutionaries in Ireland 1858–1928 (Oxford 1987), pp. 35, 119.
4. Hayden Talbot, Michael Collins’s Own Story (London n.d.), q. Brian P. Murphy, Patrick Pearse and the Lost Republican Ideal (Dublin 1991), p. 98.
5. Tony Crowley, Wars of Words: The Politics of Language in Ireland 1537–2004 (Oxford 2005), pp. 137, 150–57.
6. Charles Townshend, Easter 1916: The Irish Rebellion (London 2005), p. 35.
7. David Thornley, ‘Patrick Pearse – The Evolution of a Republican’, in F. X. Martin (ed.), Leaders and Men of the Easter Rising: Dublin 1916 (London 1967), p. 155.
8. Peter Berresford Ellis, A History of the Irish Working Class (London 1972), p. 235. Cf. e.g. Dorothy Macardle, The Irish Republic 1911–1923 (London 1937), ch. 16; Eoin Neeson, Birth of a Republic (Dublin 1998), ch. 6.
9. Joseph Plunkett notebook, NLI MS 4700.
10. Maxwell to Asquith, 13 May, to French, 16 Jun. 1916. Bodleian Library, Asquith MSS 44.
PART 1: THE IMAGINED STATE: 1918–19
1. Adrian Gregory and Senia Pašeta (eds.), Ireland and the Great War: ‘A War to Unite Us All’? (Manchester 2002); John Horne (ed.), Our War: Ireland and the Great War (Dublin 2008).
2. Charles Townshend, Political Violence in Ireland: Government and Resistance since 1848 (Oxford 1983), pp. 67–84.
3. Jim Herlihy, The Royal Irish Constabulary (Dublin 1997), p. 75.
4. John D. Brewer, The Royal Irish Constabulary: An Oral History (Belfast 1990), pp. 12–13.
5. Irish Command was a subordinate part of the UK Home Command until 1920 when it became an independent command, and its commander a commander-in-chief (GOC-in-C).
6. Memorandum on the Enforcement of Conscription in Ireland, and note by B. Mahon with additions by IG RIC, 26 Mar. 1918. MAI BMH CD 178/1/1.
7. Lawrence W. McBride, The Greening of Dublin Castle: The Transformation of Bureaucratic and Judicial Personnel in Ireland 1892–1922 (Washington, DC 1991), p. 243.
8. ‘Man-Power of Ireland’, Memo by the Chief Secretary, 27 Mar. 1918. GT 4052, NA CAB 24/46.
9. John Kendle, Walter Long, Ireland and the Union 1905–1920 (Montreal 1992), p. 164.
10. War Cabinet, 3 Apr. 1918. NA CAB 23/14.
11. Duke to Lloyd George, 16 Apr. 1918. HLRO LGP F/37/4/51.
12. War Cabinet, 16 Apr. 1918. NA CAB 23/7/392.
13. French to Lloyd George, 5 May 1918. HLRO LGP F/48/6/10.
14. French to Lloyd George, 18 Apr. 1918. MAI BMH CD 178/1/2.
15. W. J. Mc Cormack, Dublin 1916: The French Connection (Dublin 2012), pp. 55–65, puckishly labels the process ‘baptising the Fenians’.
16. David Fitzpatrick, Politics and Irish Life: Provincial Experience of War and Revolution 1913–1921 (Dublin 1977), p. 138.
17. David W. Miller, Church, State and Nation in Ireland 1898–1921 (Dublin 1973), pp. 391–2.
18. Monthly Confidential Intelligence Report, Midland and Connaught District, 30 Apr. 1918. NA CO 904/157.
19. Jérôme aan de Wiel, The Catholic Church in Ireland 1914–1918 (Dublin 2003), p. 222.
20. Miller, Church, State and Nation, pp. 404–5.
21. IG RIC Report, 20 Apr. 1918. NA CAB 24/49/4326.
22. Tyrone Constitution, 19 Apr. 1918, q. Michael Laffan, The Resurrection of Ireland: The Sinn Féin Party, 1916–1923 (Cambridge 1999), p. 137; RIC Report, NA CO 904/105, q. Marie Coleman, County Longford and the Irish Revolution 1910–1923 (Dublin 2003), p. 83.
23. Monthly Confidential Intelligence Report, Midland and Connaught District, 30 Apr. 1918. NA CO 904/157.
24. C. Desmond Greaves, Liam Mellows and the Irish Revolution (London 1971), p. 144.
25. Thomas Johnson papers, MAI CD 258/9.
26. Aodh de Blacam, What Sinn Féin Stands For: The Irish Republican Movement, its History, Aims and Ideals (Dublin 1921), p. 93.
27. War Cabinet Memo by W. H. Long, 9 Oct. 1918. GT 5926, NA CAB 24/66.
28. Eunan O’Halpin, The Decline of the Union: British Government in Ireland 1892–1920 (Dublin 1987), p. 160.
29. Fintan Murphy statement, MAI MSP 34 REF 11815 34A24.
30. BMH WS 1570 (Dominick Molloy).
31. Laffan, Resurrection of Ireland, p. 145.
&nb
sp; 32. Jacqueline Van Voris, Constance de Markievicz in the Cause of Ireland (Amherst, Mass. 1967), pp. 246, 251.
33. The phrases are from F. S. L. Lyons, Ireland since the Famine (London 1971), p. 386.
34. Joost Augusteijn (ed.), The Memoirs of John M. Regan: A Catholic Officer in the RIC and RUC, 1909–1948 (Dublin 2007), p. 113.
35. War Cabinet 381A, 3 Apr. 1918. NA CAB 23/14.
36. Liam Deasy, Towards Ireland Free: The West Cork Brigade in the War of Independence 1917–1921, ed. John E. Chisholm (Dublin and Cork 1973), p. 8; C. S. Andrews, Dublin Made Me: An Autobiography (Dublin 1979), p. 99.
37. On female personifications of the country, see Ewan Morris, Our Own Devices: National Symbols and Political Conflict in Twentieth-Century Ireland (Dublin 2005), pp. 22–6.
38. Sylvain Briollay, Ireland in Rebellion (Dublin 1922) (originally L’Irlande Insurgée, Paris 1921, based on articles written in 1920–21), pp. 18–21.
39. Terence de Vere White, Kevin O’Higgins (London 1948), p. 38.
40. Briollay, Ireland in Rebellion, pp. 26–9, 35–6.
41. BMH WS 857 (Seamus Finn).
42. W. M. Lewis, ‘Frank Aiken and the Fourth Northern Division: A Personal and Provincial Experience of the Irish Revolution, 1916–1923’, PhD thesis, Queen’s University, Belfast 2011, pp. 64–5.
43. Andrews, Dublin Made Me, p. 100.
44. BMH WS 1253 (Joseph Daly).
45. BMH WS 1168 (John O’Keeffe).
46. BMH WS 1314 (Patrick Ryan).
47. Peter Hart, The IRA and its Enemies: Violence and Community in Cork 1916–1923 (Oxford 1998), p. 248.
48. BMH WS 1349 (Daniel Conway).
49. Military Intelligence report, Midland and Connaught District, Dec. 1917. NA CO 904/157.
50. BMH WS 1770 (Kevin O’Shiel).
51. Fr Michael O’Flanagan, The Strength of Sinn Fein (Dublin 1934), q. Murphy, Patrick Pearse and the Lost Republican Ideal, p. 104.
52. Barry M. Coldrey, Faith and Fatherland: The Christian Brothers and the Development of Irish Nationalism 1838–1921 (Dublin 1988), p. 252.
53. Led off in this case by Patrick Lynch’s pioneering chapter ‘The Social Revolution that Never Was’, in T. Desmond Williams (ed.), The Irish Struggle 1916–1926 (London 1966), pp. 41–54.
54. Fitzpatrick, Politics and Irish Life, ch. 7.
The Republic- The Fight for Irish Independence Page 63