free blacks in, 79, 210n50, 214n79
population, 209n43
population of slaves, 43, 79, 209n43, 214n79
slavery laws in, 191
W
Waggoner Jack (slave), 104
Washington, Charles, 19
Washington, DC. See Federal City
Washington, Frances Bassett “Fanny,” 19, 68
Washington, George
anger at Ona Judge’s “ingratitude,” 137, 140, 149
attitude toward slavery, 74, 149, 213n74
belief that Ona Judge was lured away, 139, 164, 220–21n139
belief that Ona Judge was pregnant, 151, 222n151
“birth night” ball (1796), 90
as childless, 89
as commander, Continental Army, 15–16
Constitutional Convention and, 17
death of, 171–73
death of slave Betty and, 86
dental troubles, 41, 47, 53
diary entries on becoming president, 19
duties as president, 40
elected first president, 17, 18
emancipation of his slaves, 173–76, 213n74, 223n175
Farewell Address, 93, 136, 216n93
finances of, 18, 61–62, 70
“fourteen mile round” rides around New York, 41–42
Fugitive Slave Act signed by, 105
health of, 16, 45–48, 210n48
household staff, 38–39
image, concern about, 28, 53
influenza of (1790), 47–48, 210n48
intolerance of slaves having contact with free blacks, 80
journey to New York City as president-elect, April 1789, and adulation of crowds, 18–19, 20
Langdon and, 129, 130, 134
last will and testament of, 173
marriage of Eliza Custis to Thomas Law and, 88–91
marriage to Martha Custis, 6–7
Martha’s grandchildren and, 89–90
monetary gifts and entertainment for his Philadelphia slaves, 76
Mount Vernon records of weather, 3–4
near-fatal illness (1789), 45–46
Ona Judge’s Family Tree and, xii–xiii
Pennsylvania’s gradual abolition law and, 61–64, 66–68, 69, 70, 73, 74, 136
postilions (carriage drivers) for, 28
prayer and, 184
presidential residences, New York City, 20, 21, 37–38, 47, 49
President’s House on High Street, Philadelphia, 49, 52, 54, 55–59
purchase of indenture of Andrew Judge, 10
pursuit of Ona Judge, 112, 113, 118–19, 134, 136, 137–40, 153, 163–69
pursuit of Ona Judge, by Bassett, 168–69
pursuit of Ona Judge, by Whipple, 140–45, 148–51
pursuit of Ona Judge, Wolcott’s role, 137–40, 220n137
relationship with wife, Martha, 21
retirement of, 93, 135–36, 216n93
return to Mount Vernon (1790), 48, 49
return to Mount Vernon (1797), 163
rumors about slave, Venus, and, 58, 211–12n58
secretaries of, 58
slave, William Lee and, 25–26, 29, 54, 76, 174–75, 208n25
slave catchers for, 137–38
slaves accompanying the family to Philadelphia, 54, 211n54
slaves’ attire, grooming, and, 28
slaves of, xi, xvi (see also Mount Vernon)
slaves of, kept illiterate, 103
slaves of, punishment for, 104–5
slaves of, sold for defiance, 104
slaves of, watched to prevent escape, 104
slaves selected for presidential residence, 25, 27, 28
slave unions and, 13
Southern tour (1791), 61, 82
takes the oath of office, 15, 21
temperament and treatment of his slaves, 87–88
transfer of power to John Adams, 153
weekly levees, 40–41
Whipple’s advice to abandon slavery, 147
yellow fever outbreak (1793) and, 82
Washington, George Augustine, 19, 21
Washington, Hannah Bushrod, 211–12n58
Washington, Harry, 203nxvii
Washington, John Augustine, 58, 211–12n58
Washington, Martha Custis
anger at Ona Judge’s escape, 140
art of public appearance and, 91
avoidance of abolitionists by, 31
commitment to the institution of slavery, 177
Custis estate and, 6
death of and fate of the dower slaves, 177, 191–92
death of children, 5, 6, 9, 89, 203n5
death of daughter Patsy, 4–5, 8–9, 203n5
death of George Washington, 171–73
displeasure with move to nation’s capital, 21–23, 207n21
dower slaves of, xv, 7–8, 29, 70, 174, 176–77
Elish (slave) and, 177, 192
emancipation of Washington’s slaves and death of, 175–76, 223n175
emotional fragility of, 23, 24, 46–47, 89
escape of Ona Judge, impact of, 189
first great-grandchild, Eliza Law, 163
as “first lady,” xvi, 203nxvi
as First Lady, New York City, 36, 40, 41
as First Lady, Philadelphia, 50–51
“fourteen mile round” rides around New York, 41–42
Friday night social gatherings, 41
gives Ona Judge to granddaughter as a wedding gift, xv, 95–96
grandchildren of, 36, 39, 89–90
homesickness of, 88
household staff, 38–39
house slaves of, 8
image, concern about, 37
interracial half sister, 190–91, 226–27n191
marriage of Eliza Custis to Thomas Law and, 88–91, 92–93
marriage to George Washington, 6–7
plan to circumvent Pennsylvania’s gradual abolition law, 67–68, 70, 73
prayer and, 184
pursuit of Ona Judge abandoned and, 153
relationship with husband, 21
relationship with Ona Judge, 36–37, 45, 62, 90, 109
return to Mount Vernon (1790), 48, 49
return to Mount Vernon (1797), 163
running Mount Vernon, 19, 36
signs deed of manumission for Washington’s slaves (1800), 176, 223n175
slave, Betty and, 6, 8
social activities, Philadelphia, 56–57
temperament and treatment of her slaves, 87–88
trip to New York City (1789), 30, 36
warned by Randolph about Pennsylvania’s gradual abolition law, 62–63
Washington’s near fatal illnesses and (1789), 46–48, 210n48
as Washington’s social substitute, 62
as wealthy widow, 6
yellow fever outbreak (1793) and, 82
Whipple, Hannah Billings, 142
Whipple, Joseph, 139, 140–48, 221n141
advocates gradual emancipation to Washington, 152
failed attempt at slave catching and letter to Wolcott, 146–48
news of Ona Judge’s marriage to Jack Staines, 159
offer to negotiate Ona Judge’s return to the Washingtons, 144–45, 147
reply to Washington’s instructions, 151–52
trap for Ona Judge, 142–44
tries to block Judge-Staines marriage certificate, 159–60
tries to end his involvement in catching Ona Judge, 148
Washington’s letter of instructions to, 148–51
Whipple, Mary Cutt, 141
Whipple, Prince (slave), 141
Whipple, William, Jr., 141
slave owning and, 141
Whipple, William, Sr., 141
White House, New Kent, Virginia, 6, 7
Whiting, Anthony, 104–5
Wiencek, Henry, 211–12n58, 226–27n191
Williams, George Washington, 226–27n191
Wolcott, Oliver, Jr., 137–40, 220n137
> Washington releases from slave-catching duties, 148
Whipple’s failed attempt to capture Ona Judge and, 146–48
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