71. MWSL I 205–9: Mary Shelley to Mrs Hoppner, 9 August 1821.
72. BCPW VI 223–3; cf. BCPW VI 668, 670.
73. BCPW VI 223–4; cf. BLJ VIII 239–41: B to Hobhouse, 12 October 1821.
74. BLJ IX 81: B to Moore, [13? December 1821] and PBSL II 368–9: Shelley to B [13 December 1821]; cf. Records 65–6.
75. NLS MS 43387: B cited in ‘MS Biographical Notes on Byron by Edward John Trelawny’ (1832); also cited in Marchand, Biography, III 1098 and Origo, Attachment, 354; cf. Records 43: ‘If I am a poet…the air of Greece made me one.’ The remark itself dates from Byron's time aboard the Hercules in 1823.
76. PBSL II 324–5: Shelley to Mary, 8 August 1821.
77. BLJ VII 138; 182; cf. Blessington 51; PBSL II 332: Shelley to Mary, [11 August 1821]: ‘a faithful picture they say of modern Greek manners’. ‘They’ can only refer to Byron.
78. Hellas, Preface (CPWPBS 447).
79. BLJ VIII 180, 182: B to Kinnaird, and to Murray, 16 August 1821.
80. BLJ VIII 198: B to Murray, 4 September 1821.
81. BLJ VIII 211: B to Lady Byron, 14 September 1821.
82. BLJ VIII 214: B to Moore, 19 September 1821.
83. For the very few partial exceptions, see BLJ VIII 239: B to Hobhouse, 12 October 1821; BLJ IX 23: ‘Detached thoughts’ no. 23; BLJ IX 88–9: B to Hobhouse, 18 January 1822 and HVSV 344–5.
84. Hellas 696–9.
85. Hellas 737–861.
86. Hellas 1059.
87. Hellas Preface (CPWPBS 447). See further Wallace, ‘National Identity’; Shelley and Greece, 178–207; Ferris, Silent Urns, 108–33; Cox, ‘The Dramatist’, 74–7; Beaton, ‘Re-imagining’.
88. MWSL I 232: Mary Shelley to Medwin, 12 April 1822.
Chapter 5
1. PBSL II 433: Shelley to Trelawny, 18 June 1822, and n. 4. For the fullest account, see Cline, Pisan Circle; for cultural implications, Schoina, Romantic ‘Anglo-Italians’.
2. EEW 139: 27 March 1822; BLJ IX 131: B to Sir Walter Scott, [28 March 1822?]; Cline, Pisan Circle, 16–25.
3. EEW 125: 14 January 1822; St Clair, Trelawny; Crane, Jackal.
4. MWSJ I 395–7: 7–9 February 1822; MWSL I 218: Mary Shelley to Maria Gisborne, 9 February 1822.
5. Hay, Young Romantics, 3–26.
6. Huscher, ‘Mavrocordato’, 32; cf. MWSJ I 341, n. 9.
7. EEW 111: 11 November 1821; MWSJ I 383: 11–15 November 1821.
8. Raybaud, Mémoires, I 461–85; Gordon I 243–7; Finlay I 267–71. On the fate of the Jewish community, see Fleming, Greece, 16–17.
9. MWSL I 212–13: Mary Shelley to Maria Gisborne, 20[?] December 1821.
10. PBSL II 368: Shelley to Claire Clairmont, 11 December 1821; MWSL I 210: Mary Shelley to Maria Gisborne, 30 November 1821.
11. MWSJ I 383–4: 29 November 1821; PBSL II 370–1: Shelley to Claire Clairmont, 31 December 1821.
12. EEW 112.
13. DJ VIII 34–40; cf. 651–2: ‘Shade of Leonidas, who fought so hearty, / When my poor Greece was once, as now, surrounded!’
14. DJ VIII 724–824, 1113–20; cf. The Deformed Transformed II 3.
15. MWSJ I 426; MWSL I 210: Mary Shelley to Maria Gisborne, 30 November 1821; PBSL II 368: Shelley to Claire Clairmont, 11 December 1821; MWSL I 212–13: Mary Shelley to Maria Gisborne, 20[?] December 1821.
16. EEW 134: 13 March 1822; MWSL I 229: Mary Shelley to Maria Gisborne, 6 April 1822.
17. Gordon I 357–68.
18. Dakin, Struggle, 148–50; Brewer, Flame, 167.
19. Juan's Turkish adventures begin in Canto IV, written in 1819, but are considerably extended through Cantos VI–VIII, written between January/April and the end of July 1822 (BCPW V 715). See also Cochran, Romantic Politics, 293–309.
20. MWSL I 209: Mary Shelley to Maria Gisborne, 30 November 1821; PBSL II 373: Shelley to Peacock, [11? January 1822].
21. PBSL II 379: Shelley to Horace Smith, 25 January 1822; cf. Records 49–50.
22. MWSL I 217–18: Mary Shelley to Maria Gisborne, 9 February 1822; EEW 128–30: 7–11 February 1822.
23. MWSL I 221: Mary Shelley to Marianne Hunt, 5 March 1822; MWSL I 223: Mary Shelley to Maria Gisborne, 7 March 1822.
24. PBSL II 393: Shelley to Leigh Hunt, 2 March 1822.
25. PBSL II 399: Mary and Percy Shelley to Claire Clairmont, [20 March 1822]; cf. 398, where Mary writes of ‘L.B., whose hypocrisy & cruelty rouse one's soul from its depths’.
26. CCJ 274–7: 10, 17, 21–5 February 1822 and nn.; CCC 169–70: Claire Clairmont to B, 18 February 1822; MWSJ I 398–400: 21–5 February 1822; PBSL II 391–2, nn.
27. Dowden, Shelley, II 486–7; Robinson, Shelley and Byron, 218, 279.
28. PBSL II 391–2: Shelley to Claire Clairmont, undated, and editor's n. 2 on probable date. For the possibility of a duel, see also MWSL I 226 = PBSL I 398: Mary Shelley to Claire Clairmont, 20 March. That Shelley's fears were unfounded is suggested by Medwin 150, 152, editor's note.
29. CCC 172: Claire Clairmont to Mary Shelley, 9 April 1822.
30. BLJ IX 119: B to Moore, 4 March 1822; MWSL I 223: Mary Shelley to Maria Gisborne, 7 March 1822.
31. EEW indicates numbers of meetings with B: 11 for November, 12 for December, 23 for January, 10 for February (a short month and Shelley and Williams were away for 5 days), 17 for March, 14 in April up to the 22nd.
32. Robinson, Shelley and Byron, 177, 203–21 (211 quoted), 273 n. 12.
33. ‘Sonnet to Byron’ (CPWPBS 658), placed by MWS among ‘Poems written in 1821’ but MS dated 22 January 1822 (Shelley, Hellas Notebook, p. lviv); cf. Holmes, Shelley, 673. Compare Schiller (‘Ode to Joy’, stanza 3): ‘Wollust ward dem Wurm gegeben, / Und der Cherub steht vor Gott.’
34. CPWPBS 644–5.
35. Thorslev, Hero, 108–11; Lady Byron cited in BCPW VI 683; PBSL II 376: Shelley to John Gisborne, 12 January 1822.
36. MWSJ I 394: 4 February 1822 and n. 2; Medwin 150.
37. BLJ IX 95–100: B to the editor of the Courier, 5 February 1822; BLJ IX 101–2: B to Kinnaird, 6 February 1822 and B to Southey, 7 February 1822 and n. 1; cf. EEW 135: 20 March 1822.
38. Cited in Robinson, Shelley and Byron, 214; cf. BCPW VI 730–1; Robinson, ‘The Devil’.
39. Medwin 153; BCPW VI 517.
40. Deformed I 1.266–71, 280–2.
41. BLJ IX 121: B to Moore, 6 March 1822.
42. PBSL I 506–7: Shelley to B, 29 September 1816; cf. Blumberg, Byron and the Shelleys, 55–6, 91; Robinson, Shelley and Byron, 110.
43. BCPW VI 731, citing Washington Irving; Robinson, ‘The Devil’, 177–202.
44. Medwin 153–5 (with Trelawny's annotation).
45. MWSL I 289, 299, 311: Mary Shelley to B, undated letters between November 1822 and February 1823.
46. For the fullest account, see Cline, Pisan Circle, 91–154.
47. BLJ X 102–3: B to Lady Hardy, 17 February 1823.
48. Cline, Pisan Circle, 143.
49. PBSL II 404: Shelley to Claire Clairmont, [10 April 1822]; cf. PBSL II 410: Shelley to John Gisborne, 10 April 1822.
50. Langley Moore, Accounts, 318–21.
51. TG 443; MWSJ I 408: 23 April 1822.
52. BLJ IX 147–8: B to Shelley, 23 April 1822.
53. EEW 145; MWSJ I 409: 25–7 April 1822; MWSL I 235–6: Mary Shelley to Maria Gisborne, 2 June 1822.
54. PBSL II 416: Shelley to B, 3 and 9 May 1822.
55. BLJ IX 160–1: B to Shelley, 20 May 1822.
56. PBSL II 423: Shelley to Horace Smith, [c.21 May 1822]; PBSL II 429: Shelley to Claire Clairmont, 30 May 1822.
57. EEW 147: 5 May 1822 and similar, later entries.
58. MWSL I 236: Mary Shelley to Maria Gisborne, 2 June 1822; MWSL I 244: Mary Shelley to Maria Gisborne, 15 August 1822; EEW 155: 24 June 1822.
59. PBSL II 442: Shelley to Horace Smith, 29 June 1822; cf. S&M II 823: Trelawny to Shelley, 22 June 1822.
60. BLJ IX 161, n. 1, correcting Cline, Pisan Circle, 164.
61. Cline, Pi
san Circle, 169–71.
62. BLJ IX 168–9, 174–6, 178: B to Dawkins, 7, 16, 26 June 1822.
63. EEW 155–6: 27 June, 4 July 1822.
64. TG 457–9; Hunt, Lord Byron, 9–13; Autobiography, III 6–10; Origo, Attachment, 317–18.
65. Cline, Pisan Circle, 174–6, 244–5.
66. Hunt, Lord Byron, 13–14.
67. EEW 156: 2 July 1822; EEW 162–3: Williams to Jane Williams, 6 July 1822; Cline, Pisan Circle, 175.
68. EEW 163: Williams to Jane, 6 July 1822.
69. Hunt, Lord Byron, 14–15; Autobiography, II 133.
70. PBSL II 444: Shelley to Mary, [4] July 1822; BLJ IX 179–80: B to Dawkins, 4 July 1822; Medwin, Life, 256.
71. PBSL II 442: Shelley to Horace Smith, 29 June 1822; PBSL II 434–7: Shelley to John Gisborne, 18 June 1822 (p. 435 quoted).
72. BLJ IX 180: B to Dawkins, 6 July 1822; BLJ IX 184–5: B to Dawkins, 15, 16, 19 July 1822.
73. Hunt, Autobiography, III 22–5; BCPW V 715; BLJ IX 183: B to Moore, 12 July 1822; Langley Moore, Accounts, 336; cf. MWSL I 248: Mary Shelley to Maria Gisborne, 15 August 1822.
74. MWSL I 247: Mary Shelley to Maria Gisborne, 15 August 1822.
75. Records 130.
76. TG 477–8; MWSL I 247: Mary Shelley to Maria Gisborne, 15 August 1822; BLJ IX 184: B to Roberts, 14 July 1822.
77. BLJ IX 185: B to Kinnaird, 19 July 1822.
78. In addition to the biographies, see Records 128–39; Robinson, Shelley and Byron, 220–31; Dane, ‘On the Instability’; Roach, Shelley's Boat.
79. Marchand, Biography, III 1017.
80. For the presence of onlookers on both occasions, especially the second, see Records 141, 301 and EJTL 11. Everything in this and the previous paragraph has been drawn from Trelawny's earliest, unedited accounts. For texts, see Marchand, ‘Trelawny’, 27–8 (‘Narrative 1’); EJTL 2–14; and MWSJ I 419–24, on which see also Marchand, ‘Trelawny’, 11.
81. Marchand, ‘Trelawny’, 27 (‘Narrative 1’); cf. MWSL I 420: the governor ‘did not object to our removal of the bodies but to our burning them which was not specified in the order’.
82. EJTL 4; cf., more briefly, Marchand, ‘Trelawny’, 27 (‘Narrative 1’); EJTL 8–9.
83. Records 145, where Trelawny also corrects the much-repeated misapprehension ‘that bodies washed on shore were obliged to be burnt’; cf. 301: ‘so novel a ceremony’.
84. TG 478–81; cf. an unpublished letter from Teresa to B, part-cited in Shelley and his Circle, VII 436.
85. Medwin, Life, 395.
86. Biagi, Ultimi giorni, 53–4, 63–7, citing Dawkins to Prince Corsini, 6 August 1822.
87. Cf. Langley Moore, Accounts, 342 and n. 3; Biagi, Ultimi giorni, 87–8.
88. MWSL I 251: Mary Shelley to Dawkins, 21 August 1822; cf. Marchand, ‘Trelawny’, 27 (‘Narrative 1’): ‘their Familys & friends intreated me to undertake this painful task’.
89. Records 145, not in Recollections.
90. Records 133; Recollections 127; MWSJ I 419; Hunt, Lord Byron, 195.
91. MWSL I 249: Mary Shelley to Maria Gisborne, 15 August 1822.
92. BLJ II 70–1: B to Drury, 12 August 1811.
93. EJTL 3; cf. 8. See also Hunt, Lord Byron, 200; Autobiography, III 16; Medwin, Life, 397–8; Records 140; Recollections 129; EJTL 269–70: Trelawny to Rossetti, 18 December [1878].
94. Sardanapalus V 1.275–81 and BCPW VI 624–5 (notes on ll. 281, 436–9).
95. Deformed I 1.474–80.
96. BLJ IX 197: B to Moore, 27 August 1822.
97. Marchand, ‘Trelawny’, 11.
98. BLJ IX 191: B to Moore, 8 August 1822; BCPW V 714–15, 736.
99. DJ IX 81–168; Robinson, Shelley and Byron, 234–5; Steffan, Making, 389–90.
100. DJ IX 94–6.
101. DJ IX 185–7, 193–4, 199–200; cf. Kelsall, ‘Politics’, 53–5.
Chapter 6
1. TG 512–13; 485 and n.
2. Medwin 233, for date, see n. 557; Records 180; Recollections 152. For once, the context for Trelawny's recollections can be quite securely established: between his return to Pisa from burying Shelley's ashes in Rome and departure with Byron's party on 27 September.
3. Hunt, Lord Byron, 58; Autobiography, III 53; Archivio di Stato, Firenze in Origo, Attachment, 324, see also Marchand, Biography, III 1036 n.
4. Diary: 15–21 September 1822; BLJ IX 211: B to Kinnaird, 21 September 1822; TG 489.
5. Marchand, Biography, III 1031–2; Gross, Erotic Liberal, 172.
6. Diary: 14 September 1816, several entries during October the same year, and editor's note; Marchand, Biography, II 651; Forster, ‘Karvellas’.
7. Diary: 17 September 1822 (‘Carvella called this day’). What looks like a separate entry, summarising a conversation with Carvelà the next day, in fact refers to ‘yesterday’, from which it can be deduced that the Greek lawyer visited Hobhouse only once and Byron not at all.
8. BLJ IX 206–7: B to Murray, 11 September, 1822; BLJ IX 208: B to Kinnaird, 13 September 1822.
9. BLJ IX 207–8: B to Kinnaird, 12 September 1822.
10. DJ XII 42–4, 106–7 (written shortly after 18 October 1822).
11. DJ XII 703–4.
12. Records 180; BLJ IX 203: B to Trelawny, 2 September 1822; Medwin 253.
13. EJTL 19–24: Trelawny to Claire Clairmont, 26 September 1822 (passages dated 28 September, 2 October); Hunt, Lord Byron, 58–9.
14. EJTL 22; BLJ X 12: B to Murray, 9 October 1822; BLJ X 62: B to Kinnaird, 19 December 1922. See also Records 181; TG 490–1; BLJ X 14, 28: B to Augusta Leigh, 12 October and 7 November 1822.
15. Hunt, Lord Byron, 59–60; cf. Origo, Attachment, 326; Marchand, Biography, III 1036; TG 492 (quoted).
16. BLJ X 48: B to Kinnaird, 1 December 1822; Marchand, Biography, III 1052, summarising the testimony of Dr James Alexander.
17. BLJ X 56: B to Hobhouse, 14 December 1822; BLJ X 62: B to Kinnaird, 19 December 1822; BLJ X 78: B to Kinnaird, 6 January 1823; BLJ X 82: B to Hoppner, 13 January 1823; BLJ X 112: B to Hoppner, 27 February 1823; BLJ X 137: B to Moore, 2 April 1823.
18. PC (Byron's Correspondence): Alexander Scott to Byron, 9 November 1822; cf. DJ I 1697–9.
19. DJ XII 1–3, 9–11; cf. BLJ X 87: B to Kinnaird, 18 January 1823.
20. Seymour, Mary Shelley, 314–16.
21. BLJ X 11: B to Mary Shelley, 4 October 1822; cf. Origo, Attachment, 319–20.
22. Hunt, Lord Byron, 14, 64–8; Origo, Attachment, 321–3; TG 483–92.
23. BLJ X 110: B to Kinnaird, 27 February 1823; BLJ X 114: B to Kinnaird, 1 March 1823; BLJ X 120, 123: B to John Hunt, 10 and 17 March 1823 (the latter quoted).
24. BLJ X 36: B to Murray, 18 November 1822.
25. BLJ X 81: B to Leigh Hunt, 10 January 1823.
26. Foot, Politics, 343–4; BCPW VII 120. On the political context see Stabler, Politics, 179–92; Stock, Shelley-Byron Circle, 151–73.
27. The Age of Bronze 274–5; cf. The Island II 184–5.
28. On Greece, see Age 442–3 (cf. 300–1), 298, 717.
29. BLJ IX 215: B to Kinnaird, 24 September 1822; cf. BLJ IX 207–8: B to Kinnaird, 12 September 1822; BLJ X 69: B to Murray, 25 December 1822; BLJ X 86: B to Kinnaird, 16 January 1823; TG 526.
30. BLJ X 86: B to Kinnaird: 16 January 1823; Age 568–705 and BCPW VII 120.
31. Island I 212–16.
32. Island I 35–6. Among commentators, Stabler (Politics, 180–97) is notable for emphasising the link between this poem and The Age of Bronze.
33. BCPW VII 134.
34. Island II 44–6.
35. Shelley, ‘Epipsychidion’ 422–9.
36. Robinson, Shelley and Byron, 237–40.
37. Island II 272–97 and B's note to l. 291 (BCPW VII 145).
38. BCPW VII 134; Island III 139–41.
39. Island IV 261–7.
Byron's War Page 40