37. IAM IV 283–4 no. 1156: Sisinis to Dragonas, 26 March [/7 April] 1824; cf. IAM IV 297–9 no. 1338: Archdeacon Ioakeim to Dragonas, 2 [/14] April 1824; Gamba 242–3.
38. Gamba 206–9, 217–19, 226.
39. BLJ XI 139, 143: B to Barff, 19 and 26 March; Parry 182.
40. Parry 94; IAM IV 174–5 no. 1215: Trelawny to Mavrokordatos, 17 February 1824 (introducing Finlay); Stanhope 124–9: Stanhope to B, 6 and 8 March 1824.
41. Humphreys II 215–17; Parry 84–5, 90–1, 94; Millingen 146–7; West. Rev. 252–3; Gordon II 116, 121–2; Nicolson, Journey, 234–7; Dakin, Struggle, 119; Langley Moore, Accounts, 422–4. On Odysseus, see St Clair, Trelawny, 101–25; Crane, Jackal, 105–58, 169–71, 177–8, 210–12; Anninos, et al., Ανδρούτσος [Androutsos].
42. This view is borne out by Gamba's positive account of Odysseus, which must reflect what he and Byron had been told by Mavrokordatos at the end of February (Gamba 198–200), as well as by Mavrokordatos’ surviving correspondence with Odysseus and Negris in IAM IV.
43. IAM IV 235–7 nos. 1276–8, all dated 7/19 March 1824; BLJ XI 137, 139: B to Stanhope, and to Bowring, 19 March 1924.
44. NLS MS 43530. The document, in French and possibly incomplete, is headed ‘Nouvelles de Corfou’; cf. BLJ XI 140–1, 144: B to Barff, 22 March, and to Kinnaird, 30 March 1824; Gamba 221.
45. NLS MS 43530: ‘Nouvelles de Corfou’ [Mavrokordatos to B, 21 or 22 March 1824].
46. IAM IV 249–50 no. 1289: Mavrokordatos to Government, PS, 11 [/23] March 1824. For these operations, see Arch. Lond. II 40: Executive to Andreas Londos, 20 February [/3 March] 1824; Arch. Hydras X 77: Decree, 7 [/19] March 1824; Arch. Lond. II 44: Executive Body to Londos, 11 [/23] March 1824 (expressing satisfaction that Acrocorinth is now in his possession and confirming that Panos Kolokotronis is besieged in Nafplio); Arch. Lond. II 59–60: Executive to Londos, 20 March [/1 April] 1824 (directing him to lead his forces against Tripolitsa). For summary of events, see Gordon II 95–7.
47. BLJ XI 147: B to Bowring, 30 March 1824.
48. BLJ XI 141: B to Barff, 22 March 1824 (see also BLJ XI 144–5: B to Kinnaird, 30 March 1824); Gamba 222.
49. BLJ XI 151: B to Barff, 3 April 1824; cf. BLJ XI 142: B to Barff, 26 March 1824; Gamba 227; Origo, Attachment, 381: Pietro Gamba to Teresa, 5 April 1824 (date supplied from PC).
50. Finlay II 22–3; cf. Millingen 16; Parry 86–7; cf. 108.
51. Gamba 203, 219–20, 227, 233; Millingen 118–20.
52. Parry 151–65; Gamba 204–5; cf. Marchand, Biography, III 1189–90, where the connection between the two traits is well made.
53. BLJ XI 125: B to Moore, 4 March 1824; cf. Millingen 10.
54. Parry 192–3 (the date of the conversation is suggested by the last of the incidents listed to be included in the new canto: ‘torrents of rain – such a week I never witnessed’).
55. BCPW VII 78–83, 150–3.
56. BCPW VII 82, ll. 21–4.
57. Langley Moore, Accounts, 403–4.
58. Crompton, Greek Love, 328, 334–7. Gross (Erotic Liberal, 182–3) proposes that B's feelings for Loukas ‘motivated’ his behaviour in Greece. See further Langley Moore, Late Lord Byron, 175–83. See also Lara I 510–90. On the poems, see Gurney, ‘Publicly Private’.
59. BCPW VII 83; cf. Giaour 842–3.
60. NLS MS 43519: Andreas Londos to B, ‘January’, received on the 29th (Gamba 145); BLJ XI 103–4: B to Londos, 30 January 1824 (both in Italian; translation of the latter modified); BLJ XI 122–3: B to Londos, 24 February 1824 (in Greek). B's letters are also in Arch. Lond. II 433–5, with photographs of the MSS.
61. Millingen 12 and GF: ‘Lord Byron knew the estimation in which I held Moore's Lalla Rhook [and] used to say if I left him too early in the evenings at Missolonghi. Stop a little longer Finlay & I will abuse Tommy Moore.’
62. Parry 37 (12 February); cf. 27.
63. Stanhope 100–1: Stanhope to Bowring, 31 January 1824; Millingen 64–8; Finlay II 33–4; EJTL 82: Trelawny to Mary Shelley and Jane Williams, 30 April 1824.
64. Parry 160–2 (punctuation added).
65. Nat. Lib. Athens K7: Parry to Bowring, 20 March 1824; cf. NLS MS 43529: Gamba to B, 6 March 1824 (Mavrokordatos had been too embarrassed to approach B directly for money for his private needs, and asked Gamba to convey his appeal instead).
66. Parry 84–5, 92–3; Millingen 102–3. The only evidence offered by Millingen is convincingly disposed of by Parry (104–5), whose book had been published earlier.
Chapter 12
1. The chief source for what follows is Kasomoulis I 354–90, where justification for these adjectives can be found (I 370–1). See also Ainian, Καραϊσκάκης [Karaiskakis]; Paparrigopoulos, Καραϊσκάκης [Karaiskakis]; Vlachoyannis, Bιογραφία [Biography] (on the early life only). On the trial, see Vlachoyannis, ‘Καραϊσκάκης’ [‘Karaiskakis’], reproduced and amplified in Papasteriopoulos, Δίκη [Trial]. See also Papanikolaou, Καθημερινή ιστορία [Day-to-Day History], 255–8; Tzakis, ‘From Locality’.
2. IAM III 660 no. 936: Karaiskakis to Mavrokordatos, 7 [/19] December 1823.
3. IAM III 726–8 no. 994: ‘Declaration’, 26 December 1823 [/7 January 1824]; Kasomoulis I 355–6.
4. Millingen 35–7. Millingen's narrative is confused, as he begins by saying that he set out from Argostoli with ‘Caraiscachi’, as though this was someone to whom the reader had previously been introduced, then later reports how, at Agia Euphemia, ‘we were kindly entertained by Mr. T. Caraiscachi’. From the details that follow, it is clear that both episodes refer to Georgios Karaiskakis.
5. Gamba 132–3 (who was mistaken about Karaiskakis’ departure for Agrafa).
6. Kasomoulis I 366–8, 371–2.
7. IAM IV 248 no. 1289: Mavrokordatos to Government, 11 [/23] March 1824; IAM III 3–4 no. 376: Mavrokordatos to Omer Vryonis (draft, undated, but clearly part of the same correspondence); IAM IV 253 no. 1292: Mavrokordatos to Karaiskakis, 12 [/24] March 1824.
8. Kasomoulis I 374, 381. According to Ell. Chron. (no. 27: 2 [/14] April 1824) the number was 300.
9. Parry 96–7, 328–30. Parry says that this meeting happened on the day when B first told him the news about the loan, which cannot have been long after 22 March. Parry's date, ‘April 10’, is clearly wrong, and is not borne out by his own day-by-day account on pp. 117–18.
10. IAM IV 263–4 nos. 1305–7: Mavrokordatos to Iskos (twice) and Kitzos Tzavellas, 19 [/31] March 1824 (drafts). See also Kasomoulis I 375–6.
11. Ell. Chron. no. 29: 9 [/21] April 1824; Kasomoulis I 374–5; cf. (with some confusions) Gamba 237–41; Millingen 122; Parry 102.
12. For the date of the ships’ arrival, see BLJ XI 148: B to Clare, 31 March 1824. On the replacement of the Turkish garrisons, see Green, Sketches, 169–70: letter of 6 April 1824, from Zante; Oikonomou in Apomn. XIV 308.
13. Ell. Chron. no. 29: 9 [/21] April 1824. Marchand (Biography, III 1209) follows Millingen 124–5 in giving 5 April as the date of the government's response, which was in fact immediate.
14. Gamba 239. For the possibility that Karaiskakis may previously have attempted to enlist the support of Kolokotronis against Mavrokordatos, see IAM IV 212–13 no. 1252: Karaiskakis to Kolokotronis, 28 February [/11 March] 1824. If the letter was not a forgery (see editor's note), it seems to have had no sequel.
15. IAM IV 232–3 no. 1271 = NLS MS 43550, subfile 1, no. 49: Kolettis to Mavrokordatos, 5 [/17] March 1824; for arrival date, see Gamba 239.
16. IAM IV 206–7 no. 1245: Panagiotis Sofianopoulos to Dimitris Ypsilantis, 25 February [/8 March] 1824; translation published in Stanhope 308–9. On Sofianopoulos, see Stanhope 184 (quoted); Parry 292–7; Millingen 146 (GF: ‘a rapacious wretch’). NLS MS 43550 (subfile 1, no. 45) preserves the covering letter that introduced the captured one: Executive to Mavrokordatos, 4 [/16] March 1824 (not in IAM).
17. Parry 84–5, 90–1.
18. IAM IV 320 no. 1362: Mavro
kordatos to Government, 7 [/19] April 1824; Arch. Kound. II 293–4: Mavrokordatos to Georgios Koundouriotis, 10 [/22] May 1824.
19. BLJ XI 151: B to Barff, 6 April 1824; Millingen 124.
20. Gamba 238 (quoted); BLJ XI 150; Millingen 126.
21. IAM IV 273–5 nos. 1320–1: Dimos Skaltzas and D. Makris to Karaiskakis, 23 and 24 March [/4 and 5 April] and IAM IV 272 no. 1318: Mavrokordatos to Karaiskakis, 23 March [/4 April] 1824; cf. IAM IV 267 nos. 1310–11: Mavrokordatos to Government, 21 March [/2 April] 1824.
22. Gamba 240–1; Millingen 123–5.
23. Gamba 242; Ell. Chron. nos. 27 and 29, from which it is clear that Voulpiotis was arrested after the hostages had been returned safely.
24. BLJ XI 151: B to Barff, 6 April 1824.
25. Kasomoulis I 376–7; Ell. Chron. 29; Gamba 243–4. The phrase is also used in Mavrokordatos’ own account (Spiliadis, Απομνημονεύματα [Memoirs], II 42–3: Mavrokordatos to Government, 31 March [/12 April] 1824).
26. NLS MS 43519: Mavrokordatos to B, 25 March [/6 April] 1824, partial translation (with mistaken date and context) in Nicolson, Journey, 237–8. Number of troops supplied from Ell. Chron. no. 26: 29 March [/10 April] 1824.
27. BLJ XI 144: B to Kinnaird, 30 March 1824; BLJ XI 153–4: B to Barry, 9 April 1824 (on the obligation of the Greek government to repay him).
28. BLJ XI 152: B to Barff, 9 April 1824. The date is given in BLJ as 7th, but the MS (Benaki 146/3 no. 1295) fills the bottom half of a sheet begun by Zambelli and dated ‘8 aprile’. B's numeral could as well be a ‘9’ as a ‘7’.
29. Gamba 243–4; cf. Parry 103.
30. Millingen 104 and GF: ‘I was alone present…[N]ot the words I gave Millingen on my return’; cited and discussed in Sanborn, ‘Lord Byron’, 348 n.; Minta, ‘Mavrokordatos’, 138, 142.
31. Kasomoulis, who was there, gives 27 March [/8 April] as the date of Mavrokordatos’ arrival at Anatoliko (I 377), as does Ell. Chron. no. 29. But closer to the event is Ell. Chron. 27, which says ‘last Saturday’ [i.e., 10 April], compatible with Gamba's slightly garbled chronology (Gamba 245–7 and cited proclamation dated ‘30 March’ (i.e., 11 April)).
32. See, in English, Delivoria, ‘Notion’, 116–17.
33. Kasomoulis I 380–4.
34. Kasomoulis I 385.
35. Cf. Spiliadis, Απομνημονεύματα [Memoirs], II 44–5, 47.
36. Kasomoulis I 385–7; Ell. Chron. 30: 12 [/24] April 1824: ‘Proclamation of the crimes of Karaiskakis’, dated 2 [/14] April (quoted).
37. Kasomoulis I 389.
38. Arch. Kound. IV 205: Mavrokordatos to Georgios Koundouriotis, 8 [/20] April 1824; cf. Spiliadis, Απομνημονεύματα [Memoirs], II 42–3: Mavrokordatos to Government, 31 March [/12 April] 1824 (the rebels were ‘ejected in the most beautiful manner without anybody's nose being bloodied’).
39. Ell. Chron. 30: 12 [/24] April 1824; Kasomoulis I 387.
40. Finlay II 25. For date of Finlay's departure, see GF in Moore, Letters…in One Volume, 490.
41. Parry 107; Stanhope 115–16: Stanhope to Bowring, 18 February 1824; Millingen 126.
42. Parry 106–9 and Millingen 128; Origo, Attachment, 381: Pietro Gamba to Teresa, 5 April 1824 (quoted); cf. Marchand, Biography, III 1210–11; Gamba 247 (quoted).
43. Gamba 247–8; Parry 109. The letter from Hobhouse can be securely identified as Bulldog 342–4: Hobhouse to B, 12 February 1824, as it is so close in date to the letter from Ransom & Co. (10 February) on the bottom of which B wrote to Barff on the 9th, saying that it had been received ‘this morning’ (BLJ XI 152; Benaki 146/3 no. 1279). For the letter from Augusta and enclosure, see PC (Byron's Correspondence): Pietro Gamba to Augusta Leigh, 17 August 1824.
44. BLJ XI 152–4 (on the date of the first of these letters, see n. 28, above) and NLS MS 43407: Barry to B, 25 February 1824, forwarded by Barff on 6 April.
45. BLJ XI 153: B to Barff, 9 April 1824; cf. Gamba 247; Parry 109. The conclusion of the loan was made public on 21 February, by which time this batch of letters will already have been on its way to Missolonghi.
46. Finlay II 25–6; Parry 168.
47. Gamba 247–51 (249 quoted); Parry 109, 115–19; Marchand, Biography, III 1211–12 (correcting Gamba on the date of the second ride); Fletcher, in West. Rev. 253–4.
48. Parry 116–17, 119.
49. Parry 121–2, 184–5; BLJ XI 153: B to Barry, 9 April 1824 and NLS MS 43407: Barry to B, 28 January 1824 (possibly received at the same time as Barry's final letter on 9 April).
50. Gamba 203–4; BLJ XI 131: B to Barff, 10 March 1824.
51. Parry 116–17; Langley Moore, Accounts, 416 (doubting Parry, but providing the evidence that could support his story); IAM IV 288 no. 1334.
52. Parry 118–19; Gamba 251–2; NLS MS 43530: Praidis to B, 13 April 1824 (which must be an error for ‘14’).
53. NLS MS 43531: Millingen to Bowring, 27 April 1824; IAM IV 320 no. 1362: Mavrokordatos to Government, 7 [/19] April 1824.
54. Parry 131. For the doctors’ testimonies, see Bruno's diary, cited in Nicolson, Journey, 247–62, supplemented by Marchand, Biography, III 1212–24; Millingen 128–38; EJTL75–6: Trelawny to Stanhope, 28 April 1824.
55. Millingen 137, 141.
56. Blessington 31; Millingen 130.
57. Parry 129–33.
58. Millingen 131; Bruno, ‘Last Moments’; NLS MS 43551: Bruno to Dr George Scott, 2 March 1824 (translated excerpt in letter from the recipient to the editor of The Times, 28 January 1825).
59. Gamba 252–8; Parry 124–5.
60. Gamba 264–5; Marchand, Biography III, n. to p. 1226, l. 24.
61. Parry 125–8; Gamba 258–9.
62. Bulldog 342.
Epilogue
1. BLJ XI 131: B to Barff, 10 March 1824.
2. Bulldog 342–4.
3. Arch. Kound. II 63–4: Georgios Ainian to Georgios Koundouriotis, 28 January [/9 February] 1824.
4. Gamba 109–10; cf. 129–32, 182–3; BLJ XI 97–9: B to Yussuf Pasha, 23 January 1824; cf. BLJ XI 111, 115–16, 118, 120–1 and DJ VIII 724–824, 1113–20. Byron's conduct was held up for praise in the Greek Chronicle (Ell. Chron. no. 13: 13 [/25] February 1824, p. 4).
5. BLJ XI 108: B to Hancock, 7 February 1824.
6. Parry 134; cf. 282, 308, 314, a view developed further in some twentieth-century Greek historiography; see Simopoulos, Πώς είδαν οι ξένοι [How Foreigners Saw], III 35–201; Kakambouras, Η βρετανική πολιτική [British Policy].
7. Gamba 121, 210–13 (p. 212 quoted); cf. Parry 83, 170.
8. Trikoupis III 113–14; Arch. Lond. II 85–6: Executive to Andreas Londos, 4 [/16] April 1824.
9. Ell. Chron. 28: 5 [/17] April 1824.
10. IAM IV 333 no. 1376: Mavrokordatos to Executive Body, 12 [/24] April 1824.
11. Dakin, Struggle, 118–19, 124–5; Trikoupis III 128; Gordon II 100.
12. Stanhope 212: Stanhope to Bowring, 16 May 1824, from Zante.
13. Arch. Kound. II 411: Georgios to Lazaros Koundouriotis, 5 [/17] June 1824; Arch. Kound. III 44: Lazaros Koundouriotis to Orlandos, 17 [/29] July 1824.
14. Arch. Kound. III 63: Orlandos to Georgios Koundouriotis, 28 July [/7 August] 1824.
15. EJTL 85–6: Trelawny to Mary Shelley, August 1824.
16. Records 231–3; Recollections 224–8.
17. Nat. Lib. Athens K8: Meyer to Stanhope, 17 [/29] April 1824 = De Beer and Seton, ‘Byroniana’, 411.
18. Μνημεία [Monuments], vol. 4, fasc. I 281 = Arch.Kound. II 275–6: Ignatios to Georgios Koundouriotis, 19 May 1824.
19. NLS MS 43551: Spyridon Tricoupi, ‘Funeral Oration’ [printed translation, 1836], p. 6.
20. Ell. Chron. 29: 9 [/21] April 1824.
21. Arch. Kound. VI 140, undated.
22. EJTL 80: Trelawny to Stanhope, 29 April 1824.
23. Arch. Kound. III 36–7: Orlandos to Lazaros Koundouriotis, 11 [/23] July 1824.
24. Gordon II 102–5; Trikoupis III 1
31–2; St Clair, That Greece, 210–15; Brewer, Flame, 220–5.
25. Finlay II 33.
26. Diary: 19 October 1809 (quoted), named in Broughton, Travels I 94; cf. BLJ I 227.
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