107. Quoted in Plöckinger, Geschichte eines Buches, p. 48.
108. E.g. Declaration, [before 7.7.1924], SA, p. 1,241; Declaration, 29.7.1924, SA, p. 1,243, and Declaration, 4.8.1924, SA, p. 1,243.
109. Hitler to Stier, 23.6.1924, SA, p. 1,239.
110. Jablonsky, Verbotzeit, pp. 101–2 (with quotations).
111. Quoted in Plöckinger, Geschichte eines Buches, p. 56.
112. Jablonsky, Verbotzeit, p. 91.
113. Declaration, 16.10.1924, SA, p. 1,247. See in the same vein: Hitler to W. Hollitscher, Landsberg, 20.10.1924, SA, p. 1,247.
114. Quoted in Plöckinger, Geschichte eines Buches, p. 60.
Chapter 5: Anglo-American Power and German Impotence
1. Declaration, 7.7.1924, SA, p. 1,241. See also Declaration 29.7.1924, SA, p. 1,243.
2. E.g. Walter Stang of the ‘Grossdeutschen Ringverlages’, in Othmar Plöckinger (ed.), Quellen und Dokumente zur Geschichte von ‘Mein Kampf’, 1924–1945 (Stuttgart, 2016), p. 24.
3. Thus the recollection of Julius Schaub, in Julius Schaub, In Hitlers Schatten. Erinnerungen und Aufzeichnungen des persönlichen Adjutanten und Vertrauten, 1925–1945, ed. Olaf Rose (Stegen am Ammersee, 2010), p. 50.
4. Schaub, In Hitlers Schatten, p. 43. Plöckinger, Geschichte eines Buches, pp. 50, 66, 152 et passim comprehensively refutes the idea that Hess was some sort of co-author.
5. As reported in Hess to Ilse Pröhl, 23.7.1924, in Plöckinger (ed.), Quellen und Dokumente, p. 79.
6. Thus Sven Felix Kellerhoff, ‘Mein Kampf’. Die Karriere eines deutschen Buches (Stuttgart, 2015), p. 55.
7. Hitler to Siegfried Wagner, 5.5.1924, SA, pp. 1,232–3.
8. Hess, 19.5.1924, HB, p. 328.
9. Hess memorandum, 16.6.1924, HB, p. 339.
10. Hess memorandum, 9.4.1924, HB, p. 319.
11. Hess to Klara Hess, HB, p. 324.
12. Hess memorandum, 9.4.1924, HB, p. 319.
13. Hess memorandum, 16.6.1924, HB, p. 339.
14. Hess memorandum, 16.6.1924, HB, p. 339.
15. See Wolfgang Horn, ‘Ein Unbekannter Aufsatz Hitlers aus dem Frühjahr 1924’, Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte, 16 (1968), pp. 280–94.
16. See MK, I, p. 394.
17. Thus Hess to Ilse Pröhl, Landsberg, 10.7.1924, HB, p. 345.
18. See Plöckinger, Geschichte eines Buches, p. 23.
19. See ‘Konzeptblätter vom Juni 1924’, in Plöckinger (ed.), Quellen und Dokumente, pp. 53–5.
20. Thus Matthias Damm, Die Rezeption des italienischen Faschismus in der Weimarer Republik (Baden-Baden, 2013), p. 359.
21. Hitler to Lüdecke, Munich [sic], 4.1.1924, SA, p. 1,059. See also Arthur L. Smith, Jr, ‘Kurt Lüdecke: the man who knew Hitler’, German Studies Review, 26 (2003), pp. 597–606, especially pp. 599–600.
22. The visit is described in Hamann, Hitlers Bayreuth, pp. 107–10.
23. See Plöckinger (ed.), Quellen und Dokumente, p. 89.
24. See Sander A. Diamond, ‘The years of waiting: National Socialism in the United States, 1922–1933’, American Jewish Historical Quarterly, 59 (1970), pp. 256–271, especially, p. 264. See also Cornelia Wilhelm, ‘“Deutschamerika” zwischen Nationalsozialismus und Amerikanismus’, in Horst Möller, Andreas Wirsching and Walter Ziegler (eds.), Nationalsozialismus in der Region. Beiträge zur regionalen und lokalen Forschung und zum internationalen Vergleich (Munich, 1996), pp. 287–302.
25. Declaration, [before 22.6.1924], SA, p. 1,239.
26. Rudolf Hess to Gret Georg, 27.11.1924, HB, p. 356.
27. Jeremy Noakes, ‘Conflict and development in the NSDAP 1924–1927’, Journal of Contemporary History, 1 (1966), pp. 3–36.
28. Jablonsky, Verbotzeit, p. 145.
29. See Roger Moorhouse, ‘Calling time on Hitler’s hoax’, History Today (December 2014), p. 7.
30. Thus Plöckinger, Geschichte eines Buches, p. 118.
31. See Plöckinger, Geschichte eines Buches, p. 74.
32. D. C. Watt, ‘Die bayerischen Bemühungen um Ausweisung Hitlers 1924’, Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte, 6 (1958), pp. 270–80.
33. See Rudolf Hess to Emil Hamm, 11.8.1925, Munich, and Elsa Bruckmann to Hugo Bruckmann, 26.9.1926, Munich, in Plöckinger (ed.), Quellen und Dokumente, pp. 105–7.
34. GT, 30.12.1924, I/1/I, p. 256; GT, 12.1.1925, I/1/I, p. 260.
35. Plöckinger, Geschichte eines Buches, pp. 66–7 (with quotations).
36. GT, 12.10.1925, I/1/I, p. 364.
37. Hitler to Rosenberg, 2.4.1925, RSA, VI, pp. 313–17. See also Piper, Rosenberg, p. 126.
38. See Donald L. McKale, The Nazi Party Courts: Hitler’s Management of Conflict in His Movement, 1921–1945 (Lawrence, Kan., 1974), pp. 17–52.
39. GT, 27.5.1925, I/1/I, p. 308.
40. Quoted in MK, II, p. 1,292.
41. Wolfgang Horn, Führerideologie und Parteiorganisation in der NSDAP (1919–1933) (Düsseldorf, 1972), p. 426.
42. See Longerich, Hitler, p. 176.
43. Miriam Käfer, ‘Hitlers frühe Förderer aus dem Münchner Grossbürgertum–das Verlegerehepaar Elsa und Hugo Bruckmann’, in Marita Krauss (ed.), Rechte Karrieren in München. Von der Weimarer Zeit bis in die Nachkriegsjahre (Munich, 2010), pp. 52–79, especially p. 58.
44. GT, 23.11.1925, I/1/I, p. 379.
45. Guidelines, 26.2.1925, RSA, I, pp. 7–9.
46. Speech, 27.2.1925, RSA, I, pp. 14–28 (quotation, p. 26).
47. Article, 26.2.1925, RSA, I, p. 2.
48. Speech, 5.3.1925, RSA, I, p. 33.
49. Its growth can be charted in the appendices to Albrecht Tyrell (ed.), Führer befiehl… Selbstzeugnisse aus der ‘Kampfzeit’ der NSDAP. Dokumentation und Analyse (Düsseldorf, 1969), pp. 352–78.
50. Speech, 12.6.1925, RSA, I, p. 91.
51. MK, II, p. 985.
52. Speech, 5.7.1925, RSA, I, p. 105.
53. Decree, 21.3.1925, RSA, I, p. 46.
54. Speech, 14.6.1925, RSA, I, p. 101.
55. Minutes, NSDAP AGM, Munich, 22.5.1926, RSA, I, p. 431.
56. Decree 26.2.1925, RSA, I, p. 9. Hitler reinforced this message in MK, II, p. 1,369.
57. See Peter Longerich, Die Braunen Bataillone. Geschichte der SA (Augsburg, 1999), pp. 51–2.
58. Adrian Weale, The SS: A New History (New York, 2010), pp. 29–31.
59. See Andreas Gestrich and Michael Schaich (eds.), ‘Hitler, Mein Kampf: a critical edition. The debate’, German Historical Institute London Bulletin, 39 (2017). For a literary analysis and critique see Hermann Glaser, Adolf Hitlers Hetzschrift ‘Mein Kampf’. Ein Beitrag zur Mentalitätsgeschichte des Nationalsozialismus (Munich, 2014).
60. Thus Plöckinger, Geschichte eines Buches, pp. 7, 13–17, 93–4, 98–9, 117 et passim.
61. Thus Kellerhoff, ‘Mein Kampf’, p. 9.
62. Thus Weber, Hitler’s First War, p. 269. See also Andreas Wirsching, ‘Hitlers Authentizität. Eine funktionalistische Deutung’, Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte, 64 (2016), pp. 387–417.
63. See Plöckinger, Geschichte eines Buches, pp. 81–3.
64. The main changes are highlighted in Bernd Sösemann, ‘Hitlers “Mein Kampf” in der Ausgabe des “Instituts für Zeitgeschichte”. Eine kritische Würdigung der anspruchsvollen Edition’, Jahrbuch für Kommunkationsgeschichte, 19 (2017), pp. 121–50, and Kellerhoff, ‘Mein Kampf’, pp. 160–61.
65. MK, II, p. 1,453.
66. MK, II, pp. 1,239, 1,591, 1,643–5; MK, I, p. 271.
67. MK, I, pp. 623, 573.
68. Thus Speech, 15.7.1925, RSA, I, p. 125, and MK, I, pp. 423, 531, 533–5, 573.
69. E.g. MK, I, pp. 535, 823, 835.
70. MK, I, pp. 803–5 and 817; MK, II, p. 1,619.
71. Speech, 27.2.1925, RSA, I, pp. 14–28.
72. MK, I, p. 351.
73. Speech, 28.2.1926, RSA, I, pp. 297–330. See also Werner Jochmann, Im Kampf an die Macht. Hitlers Rede vor dem Hamburger Nationalclub von 1919 (Frankfurt, 1960), p.57.
74. MK, I, p. 643; MK,
I, p. 295; MK, I, p. 837; MK, I, p. 471; Speech, 11.6.1925, RSA, I, p. 88; MK, II, p. 1,523. See also Roman Töppel, ‘9. November 1923. Der Hitlerputsch, Mein Kampf und die Verschärfung von Hitlers Judenhass’, Medaon, 12 (2018), pp. 23–37.
75. Lenin: Speech, 28.10.1925, RSA, I, p. 191. Dawes: Speech, 11.6.1925, RSA, I, p. 87; Speech, 12.7.1925, RSA, I, p. 118; Speech, 13.12.1925, RSA, I, p. 249; Speech, 18.3.1926, RSA, I, p. 353.
76. MK, II, p. 1,427; MK, II, pp. 1,583–5; Speech, 6.3.1927, RSA, II/1, p. 168.
77. E.g. MK, I, p. 611; Speech, 18.5.1927, RSA, II/1, p. 310.
78. MK, I, p. 413; MK, II, p. 1,685; MK, II, p. 1,667.
79. Speech, 28.2.1926, RSA, I, p. 314; Speech, 3.7.1927, RSA, II/1, p. 408; MK, I, pp. 431–3; Speech, 16.5.1927, RSA, II/1, p. 303; Speech, 12.6.1925, RSA, I, p. 94; Speech, 16.12.1925, RSA, I, p. 244; MK, I, p. 411.
80. MK, I, p. 259; MK, I, p. 261; MK, I, p. 259.
81. Thus Gerhard Linkemeyer, Was hat Hitler mit Karl May zu tun? Versuch einer Klarstellung (Ubstadt, 1987), pp. 50–51.
82. MK, II, pp. 1,633, 597 and 1,651. For the likely sources of Hitler’s thinking on the United States see Roman Töppel, ‘“Volk und Rasse”. Hitlers Quellen auf der Spur’, Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte, 64 (2016), pp. 1–35, especially pp. 13–15, 33.
83. Speech, 12.8.1926, RSA, II/1, p. 41; MK, I, p. 401; MK, II, p. 1,617; Speech, 26.3.1927, RSA, II/1, p. 197.
84. MK, I, p. 791; MK, I, p. 757; Speech, 4.7.1926, RSA, II/1, p. 19; Speech, 9.5.1926, RSA, I, p. 425; Speech, 26.3.1927, RSA, II/1, p. 201; Speech, 18.6.1926, RSA, I, p. 479.
85. Speech, 26.6.1927, RSA, II/1, p. 392; 6.8.1927, RSA, II/2, p. 443.
86. See Alexandra Przyrembel, ‘Rassenschande’. Reinheitsmythos und Vernichtungslegitimation im Nationalsozialismus (Göttingen, 2003), pp. 56–60 (for the debate in the 1920s).
87. MK, I, p. 743; Speech, 6.4.1927, RSA, II/1, p. 236; MK, II, p. 1,117; Speech, 16.5.1927, RSA, II/1, p. 303.
88. Article, 31.3.1926, RSA, I, pp. 362–3.
89. Thomas Welskopp, ‘Prohibition in the United States: the German-American experience, 1919–1933’, Bulletin of German Historical Institute Washington, 53 (Fall 2013), pp. 31–53.
90. MK, II, p. 1,039; Speech, 14.4.1926, RSA, I, pp. 388–9.
91. MK, II, pp. 1,093–95; Speech, 30.3.1926, RSA, I, p. 361; Speech, 1.4.1926, RSA, I, p. 368.
92. MK, I, p. 401; MK, II, p. 1,675; MK, I, p. 473.
93. Speech, 13.4.1927, RSA, II/1, p. 254; Speech, 13.4.1927, RSA, II/1, pp. 260–61; Speech, 6.3.1927, RSA, II/1, p. 168.
94. Speech, 6.8.1927, RSA, II/2, p. 446. In a similar vein: Speech, 6.3.1927, RSA, II/1, p. 168; Speech, 4.8.1929, RSA, III/2, p. 347; and Speech, 18.1.1928, RSA, II/2, p. 633.
95. Speech, 26.3.1927, RSA, II/1, p. 202. So far as the author knows the only historian to make (brief) mention of this strain in Hitler’s thinking is Enrico Syring, Hitler. Seine politische Utopie (Berlin, 1994), p. 102.
96. Speech, 4.8.1929, RSA, III/2, p. 347. This theme has been noted by Gerhard L. Weinberg, ‘Hitler’s image of the United States’, American Historical Review, 69 (1964), pp. 1,006–21, here p. 1,009.
97. MK, II, p. 1,125; MK, II, p. 1,099; MK, II, pp. 1,621–3.
98. MK, I, p. 299; MK, II, p. 1,619; Article, 17.9.1925, RSA, I, p. 154.
99. MK, II, pp. 1,403–9; MK, I, p. 267. For a useful tabular overview of the content of Mein Kampf see Plöckinger, Geschichte eines Buches, p. 43.
100. Speech, 12.8.1926, RSA, II/1, p. 43; Decree, 1.11.1926, RSA, II/1, p. 83; Article, 23.4.1927, RSA, II/1, p. 281.
101. Article, 28.2.1926, RSA, I, p. 314; MK, II, pp. 1,659–61.
102. MK, II, p. 1,637; MK, II, p. 1,631; MK, II, p. 1,639; MK, II, pp. 1,645–7.
103. MK, I, p. 391. See also Karl Lange, ‘Der Terminus “Lebensraum” in Hitlers “Mein Kampf”’, Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte, 13 (1965), pp. 426–37.
104. MK, II, p. 1,657.
105. MK, II, p. 1,657.
106. MK, II, p. 1,657; MK, II, p. 1,631.
107. For a more maximalist view see Günter Moltmann, ‘Weltherrschaftsideen Hitlers’, in Europa und Übersee. Festschrift für Egmont Zechlin (Hamburg, 1961), pp. 197–240; Jochen Thies, Architekt der Weltherrschaft. Die ‘Endziele’ Hitlers (Düsseldorf, 1976). See also Hess to Hewel, 30.3.1927, cited in Gerhard L. Weinberg, ‘National Socialist organization and Foreign policy aims in 1927’, in Weinberg, Germany, Hitler and World War II, pp. 23–9, at p. 28.
108. Speech, 6.4.1927, RSA, II/1, p. 236.
109. Speech, 16.12.1925, RSA, I, p. 241; MK, I, p. 145; MK, I, p. 143; MK, II, p. 1,013.
110. Speech, 6.4.1927, RSA, II/1, pp. 236–7; Speech, 16.12.1925, RSA, I, pp. 242–3.
111. See Ryback, Hitlers Bücher, pp. 126, 137–41, and Töppel, ‘“Volk und Rasse”’, pp. 32–3.
112. Speech, 6.4.1927, RSA, II/1, p. 236.
113. MK, II, p. 1,017; MK, II, p. 1,019.
114. For the distinction between ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ eugenics see MK, II, p. 670.
115. MK, II, p. 1,741.
116. Thus Eric Kurlander, Hitler’s Monsters: A Supernatural History of the Third Reich (New Haven and London, 2017), pp. xvii–xviii, and 211 et passim. See also Bernard Mees, ‘Hitler and Germanentum’, Journal of Contemporary History, 39 (2004), pp. 255–70.
117. MK, I, p. 927; MK, II, p. 997.
118. MK, II, p. 1,013; Speech, 12.6.1925, RSA, I, p. 95; MK, II, pp. 1,013–15; MK, II, p. 1,643.
119. Decree, 17.9.1926, RSA, II/1, pp. 65–8 (quotation on p. 66); Speech, 18.5.1927, RSA, II/1, pp. 309–11 (quotations on p. 310).
120. Speech, 14.6.1925, RSA, I, p. 102.
121. MK, I, p. 883.
122. MK, II, p. 1,427.
123. Hitler to Magnus Gött, 4.2.1927, in Paul Hoser, ‘Hitler und die katholische Kirche. Zwei Briefe aus dem Jahr 1927’, Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte, 42 (1994), pp. 473–92 (quotation on p. 487).
124. MK, II, p. 1,431.
125. Speech, 8.7.1925, RSA, IV, p. 114; Declaration, 14.5.1925, RSA, IV, pp. 318–19; Article, 26.2.1925, RSA, IV, p. 3; MK, I, p. 349; MK, I, p. 895.
126. Alexander Demandt, ‘Klassik als Klischee. Hitler und die Antike’, Historische Zeitschrift, 274 (2002), pp. 281–314; and Johann Chapoutot, Der Nationalsozialismus und die Antike (Frankfurt, 2014), pp. 78–81.
127. MK, II, p. 1,075; MK, I, p. 115; MK, II, p. 1.071.
128. MK, II, p. 1.139; MK, I, p. 295; MK, II, p. 1,141.
129. Thus Longerich, Hitler, p. 150.
Chapter 6: Regaining Control of the Party
1. GT, 22.5.1925, I/1/I, p. 305; GT, 15.6.1925, I/1/I, p. 315; GT, 14.7.1925, I/1/I, pp. 326–7; GT, 14.10.1925, I/1/I, p. 365.
2. GT, 2.10.1925, I/1/I, p. 360; GT, 19.10.1925, I/1/I, p. 367; GT, 24.10.1925, I/1/I, p. 370; GT, 26.10.1925, I/1/I, p. 371.
3. This phenomenon has been documented by Karl-Günter Zelle, Hitlers zweifelnde Elite. Goebbels–Göring–Himmler–Speer (Paderborn, 2010), and Mit Hitler im Gespräch. Blenden–überzeugen–wüten (Paderborn, 2017).
4. GT, 25.1.1926, I/1/II, pp. 48–9.
5. GT, 23.12.1924, I/1/I, pp. 254–5.
6. Quotations in MK, II, p. 1,654.
7. Speech, 14.2.1926, RSA, I, pp. 294–6.
8. See the account in GT, 15.2.1926, I/1/II, pp. 55–6.
9. Toby Thacker, Joseph Goebbels: Life and Death (Basingstoke, 2009), pp. 69–70.
10. GT, 13.4.1926, I/1/II, p. 73. See also GT, 16.4.1926, I/1/II, p. 75.
11. Speech, 20.10.1926, RSA, II/1, p. 75; Statutes, 22.5.1925, RSA, I, pp. 461–5; Guidelines, 1.7.1926, RSA, II/1, pp. 1–3; Circular, 7.4.1927, RSA, II/1, pp. 241–2; Decree, 9.8.1926, RSA, II/1, p. 39; Decree, 5.2.1927, RSA, II/1, p. 150; Letter, 23.2.1927, RSA, II/1, pp. 159–60; Speech, 30.7.1927, RSA, II/1, p. 426.
12. Speech, 14.6.1925, RSA, I, p. 101; Speech, 14.6.1925, RSA, I, p. 102; MK, I, p. 897–9; Decree, 1.7.1926, RSA, II/1, p. 1; MK, I, p. 901; Speech, 12.6.1925, RSA, I, p. 99.
13. Thus Andreas Heusler, Das Braune Haus. Wie München zur ‘Hauptstadt der Bewegung’ wurde (Munich, 2008), p. 9.
14. Speech, 5.7.1925, RSA, I, p. 105; Speech, 8.7.1925, RSA, I, p. 116; Speech, 14.6.1925, RSA, I, p. 102; Speech, 12.6.1925, RSA, I, p. 99; Speech, 5.7.1925, RSA, I, p. 105.
15. Speech, 12.6.1925, RSA, I, p. 99.
16. Thus Daniel Roos, Julius Streicher und ‘Der Stürmer’, 1923–1945 (Paderborn, 2014), p. 119.
17. Fein, Hitlers Weg nach Nürnberg, pp. 130–31.
18. Speech, 22.5.1926, RSA, I, p. 445.
19. See Albrecht, Die Avantgarde, p. 172.
20. Fein, Hitlers Weg nach Nürnberg p. 156.
21. Hamann, Hitlers Bayreuth, pp. 134–46.
22. Thus Hans Rudolf Vaget, ‘Hitler’s Wagner: musical discourse as cultural space’, in Michael H. Kater and Albrecht Riethmüller (eds.), Music and Nazism: Art under Tyranny, 1933–1945 (Laaber, 2003), pp. 15–31, especially p. 21.
23. See Michael Karbaum, Studien zur Geschichte der Bayreuther Festspiele (1876–1976) (Regensburg, 1976), pp. 66–7.
24. Thus Hamann, Hitlers Bayreuth, pp. 160–62.
25. Thacker, Goebbels, pp. 74–7; Martin Broszat, ‘Die Anfänge der Berliner NSDAP 1926/27’, Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte, 8 (1960), pp. 85–118.
26. Andreas Wirsching, Vom Weltkrieg zum Bürgerkrieg? Politischer Extremismus in Deutschland und Frankreich, 1918–1933/39. Berlin und Paris im Vergleich (Munich, 1999), pp. 440–67 (quotation on p. 444).
27. Quoted in Weinberg, ‘National Socialist organization and foreign policy aims’, pp. 25, 27.
28. Speech, 30.7.1927, RSA, II/1, p. 416; Decree, 3.7.1926, RSA, II/1, p. 9.
29. Quoted in Fein, Hitlers Weg nach Nürnberg, p. 157.
30. See Henriette von Schirach, Frauen um Hitler. Nach Materialien von Henriette von Schirach (Munich, 1985), pp. 29–55.
31. Declaration, 5.3.1925, RSA, I, p. 32.
32. Quoted in Conradi, Hitler’s Piano Player, pp. 71–2.
33. See Sigmund, Des Führers bester Freund, pp. 97–129.
34. Speech 21.1.1927, RSA, II/1, p. 136. Listeners were also struck by the fact that Hitler’s speeches did not address day-to-day issues: Krebs, Tendenzen und Gestalten, pp. 126–7.
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