Indonesia xxvii, 5, 150, 155, 161, 441, 689–90, 770
Indonesian Salim Group 690
Indore 128, 519, 568, 577
Indus River 171, 172
Indus Valley civilization 115
industrialization xxviii, 189, 190, 198, 200–13, 206, 218–21, 267, 285, 296, 328, 360, 374, 408, 455, 464–5, 503, 522, 529, 53i9, 552, 583–4, 616–17, 647, 650, 662
state intervention 109, 202–9, 206, 213–15, 218–21, 418, 471, 503, 505, 616
inequality216, 217, 218, 468, 584
land access 200, 216–17 217, 218
infant mortality 469, 669
infanticide, female xxvii
inflation 85, 205, 219, 413, 414, 503, 504, 533, 542, 547, 641
Infosys 659, 660, 662
inheritance rights 224–6, 229, 236
Inner Line 169–70
Inqilab (Urdu newspaper) 367
Instrument of Accession 41, 42, 46–8, 53, 68
Intelligence Bureau (India) 252, 310, 423–4, 588
Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) 614
International Institute of Strategic Studies 455
International Monetary Fund 408
Iran 133, 161, 369
Iraq 161, 369
Ireland 107, 428
irrigation 12, 200, 206, 210, 215–16, 220, 286, 440, 464, 527, 535, 585, 607–8, 634, 666, 694, 724–5, 758
iron 207, 208, 209, 671, 691, 692
Isaac, Harold 153
Ishaq, Wares 81
Islam, Syed Nazrul 457
Islam
Ahmadiya sect 87
fundamentalism 643, 645, 753
Ismaili 60, 379
Shia 60
Sunni 60
see also Muslims
Islamabad 450, 452, 456, 457, 472, 656
Ismail, Sir Mirza 55
Ismay, Lord 31
Israel 73, 162, 335, 450, 557, 591, 632, 655, 706
It Is Your Vote (film) 280
Ittihad-ul-Muslimeen 52
Iyer, V. R. Krishna 286, 460, 487
Jabalpur 322–3, 371
Jackson, Glenda 492
Jagannatha temple 640
Jagdalpur 406
Jagmohan 507–8, 509, 565
Jain, Girilal 460
Jains xxvii, 49, 225, 662
Jaintias 258–9, 322, 426
Jaipur 48
Jaisalmer 48
Jaleel, Muzamil 644
Jalgaon 430
Jallianwala Bagh 194, 502, 564
Jama Masjid mosque, Delhi 255, 351, 369, 521
Jamiat-ul-Ulema 21
Jammu 59, 60, 61, 63, 68, 71, 243–4, 246–8, 250–1, 253, 254, 352, 395, 428, 527, 613, 715, 748, 765. see also Kashmir; Valley of Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir. see Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly 242–3, 245, 247, 678
Jammu and Kashmir Infantry 66
Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) 612, 612, 613, 643
Jamshedpur 263, 361, 371, 559
Jan Morcha 592
Jana Sangh 134, 136, 138–9, 193, 232, 247, 249, 251, 282, 303–4, 313–14, 321–2, 324, 326, 347, 350, 351, 388, 411, 416, 425–6, 429, 436–7, 444, 461, 474, 479, 481–3, 485, 490, 500, 505–6, 518, 522, 524, 535, 554, 559, 591, 605, 636, 637. see also Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
Janata Dal 593–4, 619, 636, 651
Janata Front 485, 496
Janata (Peoples) Party 593, 607, 633, 635, 637, 660
and the caste system 529–32, 559, 601–2, 604
and the Constitution 537–8
corruption of 536–7, 540
and the 1977 general election 518–21, 522
and the 1980 general election 559
internal fighting 519, 534–6, 537, 543
in power 522–5, 528–41, 542, 619
and the West 523
Jansen, G. H. 151
Jantar Mantar observatory xxvi, 720
Japan 5, 122, 204, 205, 267, 742
Jatavs 374, 531–2, 735
jatis xxvi–xxvii, 199
Jats 182, 377, 425, 527, 535, 555, 557, 562, 567, 585, 601, 698–9, 738, 747–8
Jayakar, Pupul 489
Jayalalithaa, J. 609, 725, 744, 771
Jayawardene, J. R. 589
Jefferson, Thomas xxxiii, 154
Jeffrey, Robin 13, 540, 751
Jehanabad 698
Jenkins, Sir Evan 32Jews 230, 320, 452, 557, 706
‘Jharkhand’ 114, 263, 264, 266, 273, 547–8, 635, 671, 691, 744
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha 635
Jharkhand Party (formerly Adibasi Mahasabha) 114, 136, 263–4
Jhelum River 78, 171, 254
Jhelum valley 66
jihad, jehad 67, 82, 241, 449613, 643–4, 705
Jinnah, Mohammad Ali 9, 16, 22, 25, 26–7, 28–9, 30, 31, 36, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 53, 54, 56, 63, 67, 69, 70, 72, 79, 359, 361, 367, 756
Jodhpur, Maharaja of 48–9
Jodhpur 48, 91Jogeshwari 625
Johnson, Lyndon (LBJ) 400, 407
Joshi, P. C. 95–6
Joshi, Prabhas 543
Joshi, Sharad 585
Joshi, Subhadra 235, 509
JP (Bihar) movement 475–6, 479, 480, 481–2, 484, 490, 637
judiciary xxviii, 100, 107, 431, 448, 470, 471, 495, 496, 513, 514, 515, 537, 686, 723, 728, 771, 778, 779 see also High Courts; Supreme Court
Judt, Tony xxxi–xxxii
Jullundur16, 85
Junagadh 49–51, 60, 63, 70, 72–3
jute 200
JVP Committee 180
Kachchh. See Rann of Kutch
Kachwai, Hukum Chandra 388–9
Kagal, Ayesha 555
Kaira district 528
Kairon, Pratap Singh 318–19,771
Kajrolkar 144–5
Kak, Ramchandra 61–3
Kalahandi 585
Kalidas 223
Kalimpong 302–3
Kamaraj, K. 295, 341, 385–6, 391, 402, 408, 411, 418
Kamaraj Plan 341, 343
Kamath, H. V. 106, 342
Kamble, N. D. 377–8
Kamma caste 425
Kannada xxvii, 51, 117, 178, 180, 191, 501, 609
Kannadigas 195, 197 754
Kanpur 297, 378, 512
Kao, R. N. 432, 451
Kapoor, Yashpal 485, 488
kar sevaks (volunteers) 606–7, 621–4, 680
Karachi 16, 48, 49, 50, 56, 79, 363, 396, 397, 456
Karaka, D. F. 140–1, 166, 223
Karan Singh, Maharaja of Kashmir 78, 245, 247, 252–3, 396
Karanth, Shivarama 502, 503
Kargil 74
Kargil war 655–8, 677, 759
Karimnagar district 52
Karimuddin, Kazi Syed 110–1
Karnal 86, 214
Karnataka 179–80, 486, 521, 533, 585, 601, 607–9, 624, 633, 636, 642, 657, 674, 709–10, 745, 777, 780
Karpatri, Swami 228–9, 230–1, 411
Karunanidhi, M. 418, 776
Kashipur 672, 674
Kashmir xxxii, 9, 20, 36, 50, 59–82, 75, 137, 155, 158, 160–1, 163, 167, 170, 171–2, 179, 232, 239–57, 258, 274, 300, 302, 305, 336, 341, 344–58, 362, 366, 380, 387, 393–7, 398, 400, 414, 471–2, 473–4, 475, 482, 509, 527, 543, 548, 565, 574–5, 588–9, 595, 609–12, 646, 652, 654–6, 677–9, 699–700, 715–16, 738, 748–50, 761, 764–6
accession 63, 64, 68, 70, 79
attempted peace settlement 1966 400
elections 243, 409–10, 427–8, 446–7, 562, 588, 678–9, 699, 709–10, 748
expense of the conflict 240
independence 242–4, 249–50, 251–2, 254, 256, 394, 483
and the Indo-Pakistani settlement (1972) 462–3
land redistribution policies 77–8
looting of 67–8
Muslims and 239, 242–3, 245, 246–7, 255–6, 344, 356, 370, 380, 397, 527, 609–12, 642–5
and Nehru’s death 387
Pakistani invasion (1965) 394–7, 451
Pakistani invasion (1971) 456
right to self determination 428, 462
separation from India 463
standstill agreement 63
state flag 244, 245, 246, 247, 248
tourism 409, 645
tribal invasion of 64–72, 244, 255
and the United States 242, 249, 252
see also Valley, the (vale of Kashmir)
Kashmir State Army 66
Kashmir University 610
Kashmiri Pandits 432, 433, 613, 645
Kathiawar 37, 42, 49, 50
Kaul, General B. M. 307, 329, 331–2, 336, 342
Kaul, T. N. 432
Kauravas 83, 134, 314
Kautilya 226
Kayasth caste 485, 529
Keishing, Rishang 271–2, 273
Kejriwal, Arvind 721, 777
Kennedy, Jacqueline 337
Kennedy, John F. xxxiii, 337–9, 575, 660
Kerala 142, 283–94, 322, 369, 459, 514, 575, 646, 649, 661, 668, 738, 745
Communism in 283, 284–94, 336, 459, 481, 634, 635, 649
Congress in elections 1952–67 416–17, 417, 419
consumerism in 663–4
general election 1967 416, 417, 418
general elections 1977 521
Muslims of 77, 283, 284, 398
religious composition 283–4, 284
rising living standards of 469–70
women of 469
Kerala Education Bill 291
Kerala Socialist Party 46
Kerala State Assembly 419
Kerry, John 675
Kesavan, Mukul 752
Keynesian economics 218
khadims (hereditary watchmen) 364–5
Khaliquzzaman, Chaudhary 5, 360–1
‘Khalistan’ 13, 556, 557, 567, 587, 596, 647, 765
Khalsa (Sikh brotherhood) 554, 647
Khampas 299, 330
Khan, A. Q. 654
Khan, Abkar ‘General Tariq’ 65
Khan, Aga 379–80
Khan, Arif Mohammed 576–7
Khan, General Ayub 352–34, 355–6, 357, 358, 395, 397, 400, 447, 472
Khan, Ayub (of the Indian army) 398
Khan, Liaqat Ali 65, 71, 79, 133, 171
Khan, Mazhar Ali 461, 462
Khan, Mian Iftikharuddin 65
Khan, Mohammed Ahmed 575–6
Khan, General Yahya 447–9, 451–3, 455–6, 458, 461–2
Khan, Sir Zafrullah 72
Khandekar, H. J. 113
Khanna, H. R. 495
Kharagpur 140
Khasis 258, 322, 426
Khem Karan 396
Khilnani, Sunil xxix
Khonomah 261, 264, 269
Khrushchev, Nikita 160, 209, 285
Kidwai, Rafi Ahmad 253
King, Martin Luther 524
King, Robert 180
Kipling, Rudyard xxii, 397, 424, 546
Kisan Majdoor Praja Party (KMPP) 130, 134
Kishore Kumar 513
Kissinger, Henry 156, 452–3, 455, 457–8
Klerk, F. W. de 350
Knowland, William F. 155
Kodaikanal 394, 409, 427
Koeris 425
Kohima 267–8, 270, 343, 387, 472–3, 657
Kolwada camp, Bombay 89
Kongka Pass incident 310, 312
Konkani xxvi, 178
Koraput 585, 671
Korbel, Josef 76, 79
Korea 150, 155, 157, 160, 305, 340. see also North Korea; South Korea
Kosygin, Alexei 400, 454
Kottayam 142, 290
Kripalani, Acharya 326
Kripalani, J. B. 130, 134, 137–8, 235, 324, 326–7, 341, 393, 502–3, 522
Kripalani, Sucheta 235
krishak samiti 420
Krishna 43
Krishna Kumar xxx
Krishna Menon, V. K. see Menon V.K. Krishna
Krishnamachari, T. T. 119, 297
Krishnamurti, B. V. 219–20
Kukis 273, 646, 700, 766
Kumaramangalam, Mohan 779
Kumaramangalam, P. P. 152
Kumarappa, J. C. 220
Kumbh Mela 642
Kunlun 317
Kunwar Sena 698
Kunzru, H. N. 190
Kuomintang 96, 164, 412
Kurmis 425, 527, 698
Kurnool 186
Kurukshetra 83–4, 134, 314, 349
Labour government (British) 27, 31, 218
Labour Party (British) 28, 432
Ladakh 59–60, 74, 167, 170, 247, 300, 310, 314, 328, 330, 332–3, 352, 765
Lahore 4, 10–11, 14, 16, 32–33, 69, 79, 86, 395–6, 459, 655, 743
Laik Ali, Mir 53, 55
Lajpat Rai, Lala 88, 201
Lal Sena (Red Army) 162, 698
Laldenga 403–4, 574
Lamb, Alastair 67
land reform 28, 101, 109, 200, 246, 336
graded cut 86
in Kerala 287, 289, 470
laws 109, 216–17, 217, 218
popular protest and 420–3
standard acre 86–7
Untouchables and 371, 372
land revenue 44, 95, 200
landlessness xxvii, 78, 216–7, 284, 287, 434, 443, 445, 470, 512, 696
landlords 11–12, 47, 78, 95, 103, 109, 134, 136, 138, 152, 243, 246, 282, 289, 290–1, 373, 377, 378, 418, 420–4, 525, 547, 561, 604, 686, 697, 698
absentee 200, 217, 287
language xxi, xxiv, xxvi, xxvii, xxviii, 8, 19, 25, 102, 116–19, 127, 151, 171, 177–81, 182–97, 187, 364, 368, 371, 389–93, 414, 419, 443, 448, 473–4, 540, 550, 553, 558, 589, 646, 649, 660, 663, 731, 752, 753–6, 761–3, 767, 782
see also linguistic provinces; specific languages
Lashkar-i-Tobia 643, 705, 706
Latifi, Danial 311
Lattimore, Owen 312
Lavoff, George 290
law xxii, 15, 32, 95, 223–38, 319, 609, 644, 728, 758
breakdown of the rule of 293, 413, 414–15, 421–2, 530, 595, 626, 682
see also High Courts; judiciary; Supreme Court
Laxman, R. K. 279, 546
Lee, Jennie 504
Left Democratic Front (LDF) 634
Left Front 419, 526, 633, 689
Leh 74, 655–6
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich 135, 159, 165, 283, 290, 308, 316
‘Lenin worship’ 158, 159
Leontief, Wassily 204
leprosy 669
Levin, Bernard 515–7
Lhasa 169–70, 299, 302
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eeelam (LTTE) 589–90, 595, 614
licence-permit-quota raj 615, 704
Life Insurance Corporation of India 297
Life (magazine) 401
Lifton, Robert Jay 477
Lincoln, Abraham 261
linguistic communities/minorities xxii, 101, 104, 186, 755
linguistic diversity xxvii, 178, 767
linguistic provinces 51, 104, 177–81, 182–97, 187, 393, 712, 754. See also States Reorganization Commission (SRC)
Link (journal) 327
literacy xxix, 146, 199, 465, 468–9, 529, 612, 667, 668, 670–1, 686
Lithuania 752
local government. see Panchayati Raj
Lodhs 425
Lohia, Ram Manohar 174, 341, 443, 524, 762
Lok Dal 601
Lokpal Bill 721–4
Lok Sabha 192, 234–5, 271, 388, 411, 416–7, 434–5, 437, 439, 446, 458, 464, 500, 518, 528, 534, 615, 637, 703–4, 711, 716, 725, 745–6, 776–7
Lok Sangharsh Samiti (People’s Struggle Committee) 500–1
London xxiii, xxvii, 30–1, 41, 45–6, 54, 149, 162–3, 260, 272, 289, 320, 232, 242, 287, 293–4, 406, 428, 432, 462, 526, 546, 551, 556, 742
Longju 310
Longowal, Sant Harcharan Singh 556, 563, 573, 587
Lorik Sena 698
lorries 10, 67, 391, 535
Louis XIV, King of France 91
lower castes xxii, xxvii,
104–6, 135, 199, 217, 226, 359, 372–3, 379, 419, 425, 443, 445, 466, 469, 530–1, 539, 541, 628, 630, 632, 649, 697, 699, 734, 735, 779
and the Constitution 104, 112–14
Sikhs 182
see also specific castes
Ludhiana 138
Lungleh 404
Lushais 260
Lutgendorf, Philip 582
Lutyens, Edwin 88
Macaulay, Thomas Babington 224
Maclean, Donald 133
Macmillan, Harold 386
Madan Lal 21
Madhava Brahmins 580
Madhok, Balraj 250
Madhya Pradesh 142, 191, 208, 406, 416, 425, 450, 461, 467, 520, 525, 548, 620, 624, 642, 670–71, 674, 710, 731, 738, 779
Madras xxi, xxiv, 6, 15, 28–9, 45, 51, 54–6, 76–7, 105, 110, 111, 113, 119, 125, 136, 145–6, 152, 162, 173, 178, 180, 183–5, 191, 200, 210–11, 251, 280, 295, 328, 339, 341–3, 352, 369, 371, 375, 378, 385, 391–2, 399, 416–8, 425, 427, 561, 593, 601, 612, 623, 626, 643, 660, 763
Madras Assembly 183, 417–18
Madras High Court 778
Madras Journal 77
madrasas 612, 643, 687
Madurai 142, 343, 378
Mahabharata 83, 102, 134, 433
Mahabodhi Society 375
Mahagujarat movement 181, 282
Mahajan, Mehr Chand 63, 68, 70, 74
Mahajan, Pramond 751
Mahalanobis, Prasanta Chandra 203–5
Mahalanobis Model of Planning 206–7, 218–20, 221
Mahanadi River 210
Mahanta, Prafulla 574
Mahar caste 376
Maharajas xxxi, 37, 39–40, 43–5, 46, 48, 50, 57, 145, 153, 284, 438–9, 470, 584
see also princes
Maharashtra state xxv–xxvi, 143, 177, 179–80, 186, 188–95, 282, 318, 326, 378, 425, 427, 430, 461, 479, 512, 527, 531, 559, 585, 601, 628, 633, 651–2, 673, 686, 689, 712, 719–20, 724–5, 746, 768
Maharashtrians 18, 89, 98–9, 186, 188–90, 192–5, 318, 427, 641, 754, 776
Mahmud of Ghazni 129
Mahmud, Syed 359
Mahratta region 188, 192
Mahuta 66–7, 70
Mainstream (journal) 498
Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA) 490, 494, 495, 500
Maithili 117
Maitland, F. W. xxxii, xxxiii
Majlis Ittihad-ul-Musilmin 369
Malabar 40, 181, 200, 286
malaria 216
Malayalam xxvii, 117, 178, 180, 191, 283, 292
Malaysia 616
Malda district 424
Malhotra, Inder 499
Malinowski, Bronislaw 432
Malkani, K. R. 460, 498, 623
malnutrition 584, 665
Malraux, Andre´ 223
Malthus, Thomas 412, 440, 510
Manchester Guardian (newspaper) 90, 272
Mandal, B. P. 530, 602
Mandal Commission 602–5, 607, 618–20, 630, 641
Mandela, Nelson 350
Mandir Marg-Shankar Road xxvi
Mandya district 215, 608
Mangrol 50
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