[30] And yet if one is above reproach in these two matters, but fails to honour those who are close to him and are called his friends, and does not see to it that they are looked upon by all men as blessed and objects of envy, he becomes a traitor to himself and his kingdom ere he is aware by disheartening those who are his friends and suffering nobody else to covet his friendship and by robbing himself of that noblest and most profitable possession: friendship.
[31] τίς μὲν γὰρ ἀοκνότερος πονεῖν, ὅταν τούτου καιρὸς ᾖ, φίλου; τίς δὲ συγχαίρειν ἑτοιμότερος ἐν ταῖς εὐτυχίαις; ὁ παρὰ τίνος δὲ ἔπαινος ἡδίων ἢ τῶν φίλων; παρὰ τίνος δὲ τἀληθὲς ἀλυπότερον;τίς δὲ φρουρά, ποῖα δὲ ἐρύματα, ποῖα δὲ ὅπλα βεβαιότερα καὶ κρείττω τῆς ἀπὸ τῶν εὐνοούντων φυλακῆς;
[31] For who is more indefatigable in toil, when there is occasion for toil, than a friend? Who is readier to rejoice in one’s good fortune? Whose praise is sweeter than that of friends? From whose lips does one learn the truth with less pain? What fortress, what bulwarks, what arms are more steadfast or better than the protection of loyal hearts?
[32] ὁπόσους γὰρ ἄν τις ᾖ κεκτημένος ἑταίρους, τοσούτοις μὲν ὀφθαλμοῖς ἃ βούλεται ὁρᾷ, τοσαύταις δὲ ἀκοαῖς ἃ δεῖ ἀκούει, τοσαύταις δὲ διανοίαις διανοεῖται περὶ τῶν συμφερόντων. διαφέρει γὰρ οὐδὲν ἢεἴ τῳ θεὸς ἓν σῶμα ἔχοντι πολλὰς ψυχὰς ἔδωκεν ἁπάσας ὑπὲρ ἐκείνου προνοουμένας.
[32] For whatever is the number of comrades one has acquired, so many are the eyes with which he can see what he wishes, so many the ears with which he can hear what he needs to hear, so many the minds with which he can take thought concerning his welfare. Indeed, it is exactly as if a god had given him, along with his one body, a multitude of souls all full of concern in his behalf.
[33] ἵνα δὲ τὰ πολλὰ ἀφεὶς εἴπω τὸ φανερώτατον σημεῖον, οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ χρηστὸς βασιλεύς, ὃν οἱ ἀγαθοὶ ἄνδρες οὐκ αἰσχύνονται ἐπαινοῦντες οὔτε τὸν παρόντα χρόνον οὔτε τὸν ὕστερον. καὶ μέντοι καὶ αὐτὸς οὐ τὸν παρὰ τῶν βαναύσωνκαὶ ἀγοραίων ἀγαπᾷ ἔπαινον, ἀλλὰ τὸν παρὰ τῶν ἐλευθέρων καὶ γενναίων, οἷς οὐκ ἄξιον ζῆν ψευσαμένοις.
[33] But I will pass over most of the details and give the clearest mark of a true king: he is one whom all good men can praise without compunction not only during his life but even afterwards. And yet, even so, he does not himself covet the praise of the vulgar and the loungers about the market-place, but only that of the free-born and noble, men who would prefer to die rather than be guilty of falsehood.
[34] τίς οὖν οὐκ ἂν μακαρίσειε τὸν τοιοῦτον ἄνδρα τε καὶ βίον; πόθεν δὲ οὐκ ἂν ἔλθοιεν [p. 7] ἐπ᾽ ἐκεῖνον ὀψόμενοί τε αὐτὸν καὶ ἀπολαύσοντες τῆς καλῆς διανοίας καὶ ἀγαθῆς; τί μὲν σεμνότερον θέαμα γενναίου καὶ φιλοπόνου πόνου βασιλέως; τί δὲ ἥδιον ἡμέρου καὶ προσφιλοῦς, πάντας μὲν εὖ ποιεῖν ἐπιθυμοῦντος, ἅπαντας δὲ δυναμένου;
[34] Who, therefore, would not account such a man and such a life blessed? From what remote lands would men not come to see him and to profit from his honourable and upright character? What spectacle is more impressive than that of a noble and diligent king? What can give greater pleasure than a gentle and kindly ruler who desires to serve all and has it in his power so to do?
[35] τί δὲ λυσιτελέστερον ἴσου καὶ δικαίου; τίνος μὲν γὰρ ὁ βίος ἀσφαλέστερος ἢ ὃν πάντες ὁμοίως φυλάττουσιν; τίνος δὲ ἡδίων ἢ τοῦ μηδένα ἐχθρὸν ἡγουμένου; τίνος δὲ ἀλυπότερος ἢ τοῦ μηδὲν ἔχοντος αὑτὸν αἰτιάσασθαι; τίς δὲ εὐτυχέστερος ἐκείνου τοῦ ἀνδρός, ὅστις ἀγαθὸς ὢν οὐδένα λανθάνει;
[35] What is more profitable than an equitable and just king? Whose life is safer than his whom all alike protect, whose is happier than his who esteems no man an enemy, and whose is freer from vexation than his who has no cause to blame himself? Who is more fortunate, too, than that man whose goodness is known of all?
[36] ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν ἁπλῶς εἶπον τὰ περὶ τὸν ἀγαθὸν βασιλέα. τούτων δὲ εἴ τι φαίνεται προσήκειν σοι, μακάριος μὲν αὐτὸς τῆς εὐγνώμονος καὶ ἀγαθῆς φύσεως, μακάριοι δὲ ἡμεῖς οἱ συμμετέχοντες.
[36] In plain and simple language I have described the good king. If any of his attributes seem to belong to you, happy are you in your gracious and excellent nature, and happy are we who share its blessings with you.
[37] μετὰ δὲ τὸν νῦν εἰρημένον λόγον ἐγὼ μὲν ἐπεθύμουν διελθεῖν περὶ τοῦ μεγίστου καὶ πρώτου βασιλέως καὶ ἄρχοντος, ὃν χρὴ μιμουμένους ἀεὶ τοὺς θνητοὺς καὶ τὰ τῶν θνητῶν διέποντας ἐπιμελεῖσθαι, πρὸς ἐκεῖνον ὡς δυνατόν ἐστιν εὐθύνοντας καὶ ἀφομοιοῦντας τὸν αὑτῶν τρόπον.
[37] It was my purpose, after finishing the description of the good king, to discuss next that supreme king and ruler whom mortals and those who administer the affairs of mortals must always imitate in discharging their responsibilities, directing and conforming their ways as far as possible to his pattern.
[38] διὰ τοῦτο γὰρ καὶ Ὅμηρος διοτρεφέας εἶναί φησι τοὺς ἀληθῶς βασιλέας καὶ Διὶ τὴν βουλὴν ὁμοίους, καὶ τὸν Μίνω, μεγίστην ἔχοντα δόξαν ἐπὶ δικαιοσύνῃ, τοῦ Διὸς ὁμιλητὴν ἔφη γενέσθαι. καὶ σχεδὸν ὅσοι πώποτε ἐν Ἕλλησιν ἢ βαρβάροις γεγόνασι βασιλεῖς οὐκ ἀνάξιοι τυγχάνειν ταύτης τῆς προσηγορίας, τοῦ θεοῦ τούτου μαθητάς τε καὶ ζηλωτὰς ὁ λόγος αὐτοὺς ἀποφαίνεται.
[38] Indeed, this is Homer’s reason for calling true kings “Zeus-nurtured” and “like Zeus in counsel”; and Minos, who had the greatest name for righteousness, he declared was a companion of Zeus. In fact, it stands to reason that practically all the kings among Greeks or barbarians who have proved themselves not unworthy of this title have been disciples and emulators of this god.
[39] Ζεὺς γὰρ μόνος θεῶν πατὴρ καὶ βασιλεὺς ἐπονομάζεται καὶ Πολιεὺς καὶ Φίλιός τε καὶ Ἑταιρεῖος καὶ Ὁμόγνιος, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις Ἱκέσιός τε καὶ Φύξιος καὶ Ξένιος καὶ μυρίας ἄλλας ἐπικλήσεις ἔχων, πάσας ἀγαθὰς καὶ ἀγαθῶν αἰτίας:
[39] For Zeus alone of the gods has the epithets of “Father” and “King,” “Protector of Cities,” “Lord of Friends and Comrades,” “Guardian of the Race,” and also “Protector of Suppliants,” “God of Refuge,” and “God of Hospitality,” these and his countless other titles signifying goodness and the fount of goodness.
[40] βασιλεὺς μὲν κατὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν καὶ τὴν δύναμιν ὠνομασμένο
ς, πατὴρ δὲ οἶμαι διά τε τὴν κηδεμονίαν καί τὸ πρᾷον, Πολιεὺς δὲ κατὰ τὸν νόμον καὶ τὸ κοινὸν ὄφελος, Ὁμόγνιος δὲ διὰ τὴν τοῦ γένους κοινωνίαν θεοῖς τε καὶ ἀνθρώποις, Φίλιος δὲ καὶ Ἑταιρεῖος, [p. 8] ὅτι πάντας ἀνθρώπους ξυνάγει καὶ βούλεται εἶναι ἀλλήλοις φίλους,
[40] He is addressed as “King” because of his dominion and power; as “Father,” I ween, on account of his solicitude and gentleness; as “Protector of Cities” in that he upholds the law and the commonweal; as “Guardian of the Race” on account of the tie of kinship which unites gods and men; as “Lord of Friends and Comrades” because he brings all men together and wills that they be friendly to one another and never enemy or foe;
[41] ἐχθρὸν δὲ ἢ πολέμιον μηδένα μηδενός, Ἱκέσιος δὲ ὡς ἂν ἐπήκοός τε καὶ ἵλεως τοῖς δεομένοις, Φύξιος δὲ διὰ τὴν τῶν κακῶν ἀπόφυξιν, Ξένιος δέ, ὅτι καὶ τοῦτο ἀρχὴ φιλίας, μηδὲ τῶν ξένων ἀμελεῖν μηδὲ ἀλλότριον ἡγεῖσθαι μηδένα ἀνθρώπων, Κτήσιος δὲ καὶ Ἐπικάρπιος,ἅτε τῶν καρπῶν αἴτιος καὶ δοτὴρ πλούτου καὶ κτήσεως, οὐ πενίας οὐδὲ ἀπορίας, ὡς εὐθὺς ἁπάσας ταύτας δέον ἕπεσθαι τὰς δυνάμεις τῇ τοῦ βασιλέως δυνάμει τε καὶ κλήσει.
[41] as “Protector of Suppliants” since he inclines his ear and is gracious to men when they pray; as “God of Refuge” because he gives refuge from evil; as “God of Hospitality” because it is the very beginning of friendship not to be unmindful of strangers or to regard any human being as an alien; and as “God of Wealth and Increase” since he causes all fruitage and is the giver of wealth and substance, not of poverty and want. For all these functions must at the outset be inherent in the royal function and title.
[42] καλὸν οὖν εἰπεῖν ὑπὲρ τῶν ὅλων τῆς διοικήσεως ὁποῖόν γε τὸ ξύμπαν αὐτό τε εὔδαιμον καὶ σοφὸν ἀεὶ διαπορεύεται τὸν ἄπειρον αἰῶνα συνεχῶσἐν ἀπείροις περιόδοις μετὰ ψυχῆς τε ἀγαθῆς καὶ δαίμονος ὁμοίου καὶ προνοίας καὶ ἀρχῆς τῆς δικαιοτάτης τε καὶ ἀρίστης, ἡμᾶς τε ὁμοίους παρέχεται, κατὰ φύσιν κοινὴν τὴν αὑτοῦ καὶ τὴν ἡμετέραν ὑφ᾽ ἑνὶ θεσμῷ καὶ νόμῳ κεκοσμημένους καὶ τῆς αὐτῆς μετέχοντας πολιτείας.
[42] I might well speak next of the administration of the universe and tell how the world — the very embodiment of bliss and wisdom — ever sweeps along through infinite time in infinite cycles without cessation, guided by good fortune and a like power divine, and by foreknowledge and a governing purpose most righteous and perfect, and renders us like itself since, in consequence of the mutual kinship of ourselves and it, we are marshalled in order under one ordinance and law and partake of the same polity.
[43] ἣν ὁ μὲν τιμῶν καὶ φυλάττων καὶ μηδὲνἐναντίον πράττων νόμιμος καὶ θεοφιλὴς καὶ κόσμιος, ὁ δὲ ταράττων ὅσον ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτῷ καὶ παραβαίνων καὶ ἀγνοῶν ἄνομος καὶ ἄκοσμος, ὁμοίως μὲν ἰδιώτης, ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ ἄρχων ὀνομαζόμενος: πολὺ δὲ μείζων καὶ φανερωτέρα πᾶσιν ἡ παρὰ τοῦ ἄρχοντος πλημμέλεια.
[43] He who honours and upholds this polity and does not oppose it in any way is law-abiding, devout and orderly; he, however, who disturbs it, as far as that is possible to him, and violates it or does not know it, is lawless and disorderly, whether he be called a private citizen or a ruler, although the offence on the part of the ruler is far greater and more evident to all.
[44] ὥσπερ οὖν ὅσοι στρατηγοί τε καὶ ἄρχοντες στρατοπέδωνκαὶ πόλεων καὶ ἐθνῶν, ὅστις ἂν τὸν σὸν μάλιστα μιμῆται τρόπον καὶ τοῖς σοῖς ἤθεσιν ὅμοιον αὑτὸν ὡς δυνατὸν φαίνηται παρέχων, οὗτος ἂν εἴη σοὶ πάντων ἑταιρότατος καὶ προσφιλέστατος: εἰ δέ τις ἐναντίος καὶ ἀνόμοιος γίγνοιτο, δικαίως ἂν τυγχάνοι μέμψεώς τε καὶ ἀτιμίας καὶ αὐτῆς γε τῆς ἀρχῆς ταχὺ παυθεὶς παραχωρήσειεν
[44] Therefore, just as among generals and commanders of legions, cities or provinces, he who most closely imitates your ways and shows the greatest possible conformity with your habits would be by far your dearest comrade and friend, while he who showed antagonism or lacked conformity would justly incur censure and disgrace and, being speedily removed from his office as well, would give way to better men better qualified to govern;
[45] ἑτέροις ἀμείνοσί τε καὶ ἄμεινον δυναμένοις διοικεῖν: οὕτω δὴ καὶ τῶν βασιλέων, ἅτε οἶμαι παρὰ τοῦ Διὸς ἐχόντων τὴν δύναμιν καὶ τὴν ἐπιτροπήν, ὃς μὲν ἂν πρὸς ἐκεῖνον βλέπων πρὸς τὸν [p. 9] τοῦ Διὸς νόμον τε καὶ θεσμὸν κοσμῇ καὶ ἄρχῃ δικαίως τε καὶ
[45] so too among kings, since they, I ween, derive their powers and their stewardship from Zeus; the one who, keeping his eyes upon Zeus, orders and governs his people with justice and equity in accordance with the laws and ordinances of Zeus, enjoys a happy lot and a fortunate end,
[46] καλῶς, ἀγαθῆς τυγχάνει μοίρας καὶ τέλους εὐτυχοῦς: ὃς δ᾽ ἂν παραβῇ καὶ ἀτιμάσῃ τὸν ἐπιτρέψαντα ἢ δόντα τὴν δωρεὰν ταύτην, οὐδὲν ἀπώνατο τῆς πολλῆς ἐξουσίας καὶ δυνάμεως ἢ τοσοῦτον μόνον ὅσον φανερὸς πᾶσι γενέσθαι τοῖς καθ᾽ αὑτὸν καὶ τοῖς ὕστερον πονηρὸς καὶ ἀκόλαστος ὤν, τὸν μυθευόμενον Φαέθοντος ἀναπληρώσας πότμον, ἅτε ἰσχυροῦ καὶ θείου παρὰ μοῖραν ἐπιβὰς ἅρματος, οὐχ ἱκανὸς ὢν ἡνίοχος.
[46] while he who goes astray and dishonours him who entrusted him with his stewardship or gave him this gift, receives no other reward from his great authority and power than merely this: that he has shown himself to all men of his own time and to posterity to be a wicked and undisciplined man, illustrating the storied end of Phaethon, who mounted a mighty chariot of heaven in defiance of his lot but proved himself a feeble charioteer.
[47] λέγει δὲ καὶ Ὅμηρος ὧδέ πως:
ὃς μὲν ἀπηνὴς αὐτὸς ἔῃ καὶ ἀπηνέα εἰδῇ,
τῷ δὲ καταρῶνται πάντες βροτοὶ ἄλγἐ ὀπίσσω
ζωῷ, ἀτὰρ τεθνεῶτί γ᾽ ἐφεψιόωνται ἅπαντες:
ὃς δ᾽ ἂν ἀμύμων αὐτὸς ἔῃ καὶ ἀμύμονα εἰδῇ,
τοῦ μέντοι κλέος εὐρὺ διὰ ξεῖνοι φορέουσι
πάντας ἐπ᾽ ἀνθρώπους, πολλοί τέ μιν ἐσθλὸν ἔειπον.
[47] In somewhat this wise Homer too speaks when he says:
“Whoso bears
A cruel heart, devising cruel things,
On him men call down evil from gods
While living, and pursue him, when he dies,
With scoffs. But whoso
is of generous heart
And harbours generous aims, his guests proclaim
His praises far and wide to all mankind,
And numberless are they who call him good.”
[48] τὸ μὲν οὖν ἐμόν, ὅπερ ἔφην, ἥδιστα καὶ προθυμότατα τοῦτον εἴποιμ᾽ ἂν τὸν λόγον, τὸν ὑπὲρ τοῦ Διὸς καὶ τῆς τοῦ παντὸς φύσεως. ἐπεὶ δὲ πλείων ἐστὶ παντὸς τοῦ καιροῦ τοῦ παρόντος καὶ δεόμενος ἀποδείξεων ἀκριβεστέρων, αὖθίς ποτε ἴσως γένοιτ᾽
[48] For my part, I should be most happy and eager, as I have said, to speak on this subject — on Zeus and the nature of the universe. But since it is altogether too vast a theme for the time now at my command and requires a somewhat careful demonstration, perhaps in the future there may be leisure for its presentation.
[49] ἂν σχολὴ διελθεῖν αὐτόν. εἰ δ᾽ ἄρα μῦθον ἐθέλοις τινὰ ἀκοῦσαι, μᾶλλον δὲ ἱερὸν καὶ ὑγιῆ λόγον σχήματι μύθου λεγόμενον, τυχὸν οὐκ ἄτοπός σοι φανήσεται νῦν τε καὶ ὕστερον ἐνθυμουμένῳ κατὰ σαυτὸν ὃν ἐγώ ποτε ἤκουσα γυναικὸς Ἠλείας ἢ Ἀρκαδίας ὑπὲρ Ἡρακλέους διηγουμένης.
[49] But if you would like to hear a myth, or rather a sacred and withal edifying parable told under the guise of a myth, perhaps a story which I once heard an old woman of Elis or Arcadia relate about Heracles will not appear to you out of place, either now or hereafter when you come to ponder it alone.
[50] ὡς γὰρ ἔτυχον ἐν τῇ φυγῇ ποτε ἀλώμενος: καὶ πολλήν γε χάριν οἶδα τοῖς θεοῖς, ὅτι με οὐκ εἴασαν θεατὴν γενέσθαι πολλῶν καὶ ἀδίκων πραγμάτων: ἐπῄειν δ᾽ οὖν ὡς ἐδυνάμην πλείστην γῆν ἐν ἀγύρτου σχήματι καὶ στολῇ, τοῦτο μὲν παρ᾽ Ἕλληνας, τοῦτο δὲ παρὰ βαρβάρους,
Delphi Complete Works of Dio Chrysostom Page 171