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96. U.S.A. v. Galanis et al., Case No. 1:16-cr-00371: transcript 667, p. 106 of 309; transcript 671, p. 247 of 257; “Shareholders of KKB Elected New Members of the Board of Directors,” KazKom, April 28, 2016, press release, http://kase.kz/files/emitters/KKGB/kkgb_reliz_280416_eng.pdf.
97. “Powerful Kazakh Politician Sent to Moscow to Be Ambassador to Russia,” RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty, February 16, 2017, https://www.rferl.org/a/kazakhstan-tasmaghambetov-ambassador-moscow/28314038.html; Trickett, “Watch the Throne: Trans-Caspian Pipeline Meets Succession Politics in Kazakhstan.”
98. U.S.A. v. Galanis et al., Case No. 1:16-cr-00371: transcript 671, p. 247 (quoting Jason Galanis email).
99. Email, David E. Wade, July 11, 2013, 8:04 a.m., RE: re Call, Obtained through Freedom of Information Act by Citizens United.
100. Nathan Vardi, “The $2.4 Billion Nasdaq Stock Headquartered in Apartment 2A,” Forbes, June 13, 2017, https://www.forbes.com/sites/nathanvardi/2017/06/13/the-2–4-billion-nasdaq-stock-headquartered-in-apartment-2a/#7a888b5a730c; “Kirin International Names Real Estate Executive Jianfeng Guo, Chief Executive Officer and President,” GlobeNewswire, June 4, 2015, https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2015/06/04/742147/10137208/en/Kirin-International-Names-Real-Estate-Executive-Jianfeng-Guo-Chief-Executive-Officer-and-President.html.
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103. U.S.A. v. Galanis et al., Case No. 1:16-cr-00371: transcript 649, pp. 149–50; transcript 655, p. 87; transcript 667, pp. 40, 50.
104. U.S.A. v. Galanis et al., Case No. 1:16-cr-00371: document 1, pp. 15, 20.
105. Russell Berman, “Biden is betting on unions. They might bet on someone else,” Atlantic, April 30, 2019, https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2019/04/biden-unions-labor-movement/588367/.
106. U.S.A. v. Galanis et al., Case No. 1:16-cr-00371: transcript 647, p. 169.
107. U.S.A. v. Galanis et al., Case No. 1:16-cr-00371: transcript 649, p. 149; transcript 655, p. 87.
108. U.S.A. v. Galanis et al., Case No. 1:16-cr-00371: transcript 655, pp. 87–88, 183.
109. U.S.A. v. Galanis et al., Case No. 1:16-cr-00371: transcript 649, p. 149; “Bevan Cooney Sentenced to 30 Months in Prison for the Fraudulent Issuance and Sale of More Than $60 Million of Tribal Bonds,” United States Attorney’s Office, Southern District of New York, press release, July 31, 2019, https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/bevan-cooney-sentenced-30-months-prison-fraudulent-issuance-and-sale-more-60-million.
110. U.S.A. v. Galanis et al., Case No. 1:16-cr-00371: transcript 671, p. 243.
111. U.S.A. v. Galanis et al., Case No. 1:16-cr-00371: transcript 677, p. 148.
112. John George, “StartUp Health: We Want the Best of the Best,” Philadelphia Business Journal, August 21, 2015, https://philadelphiapact.com/startup-health-we-want-the-best-of-the-best/; “Meet the Team Transforming Health,” StartUp Health, https://www.startuphealth.com/team.
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114. Dan Kendall, “Episode #038: Unity Stoakes, Part 1, The Journey from Tech Startups to Startup Health,” August 15, 2017, https://digitalhealthtoday.com/podcast/startup-health-part1/ (around thirty-seven minutes and after).
115. White House Visitors Logs.
116. “Our Journey to Transform Health.”
117. White House Visitors’ Logs.
118. “The Founders of Athenahealth Are Back, This Time to Reimagine the Medicare Experience,” StartUp Health Team, last updated March 15, 2019, https://hq.startuphealth.com/posts/the-founders-of-athenahealth-are-back-this-time-to-reimagine-the-medicare-experience.
119. California Healthcare Foundation, Survival of the Fittest: Health Care Accelerators Evolve Toward Specialization, October 2014, p. 3, https://www.chcf.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/PDF-SurvivalFittestAccelerators.pdf.
120. George, “StartUp Health: We want to be the best.”
121. Sara Nathan, “Joe Biden’s Newlywed Daughter Hits the Campaign Trail—in a Smock Shirt (Something to Tell Us, Ashley?),” Daily Mail, October 19, 2012, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2220356/Joe-Bidens-newlywed-daughter-hits-campaign-trail—smock-shirt-tell-Ashley.html; “Here Is Everything You Need to Know About Joe Biden’s Daughter Ashley Biden’s Husband Howard Krein,” ecelebritymirror.com, March 15, 2019, https://ecelebritymirror.com/entertainment/know-joe-biden-daughter-ashley-biden-husband-howard-krein/; Lucia Blackwell, “Beau Biden Funeral: How the Day Unfolded,” News Journal (Delaware), June 6, 2015, https://www.delawareonline.com/story/news/2015/06/06/beau-biden-funeral-saturday-wilmington-delaware/28594017/.
122. California Healthcare Foundation, Survival of the Fittest: Health Care Accelerators Evolve Toward Specialization, pp. 8–9.
123. Josh Lederman, “At the Vatican, Biden seeks common cause with pope on cancer,” Associated Press, April 29, 2016, https://apnews.com/0666e070cd194159befbdd6d173d59f2.
124. Nicole Fisher, “Biden Takes Stage at DC DataPalooza Event to Talk About His Moonshot on Cancer,” Forbes, May 16, 2016, https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicolefisher/2016/05/16/biden-takes-stage-at-dc-datapalooza-event-to-talk-about-his-moonshot-on-cancer/#6331c42b1e0d.
125. Brian Zeltner, “Joe Biden Talks Cancer Moonshot at Cleveland Clinic Innovation Summit,” Plain Dealer, October 24, 2016, https://www.cleveland.com/healthfit/2016/10/joe_biden_talks_cancer_moonsho.html.
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128. “Codel Biden,” Wikileaks, November 6, 1974, https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/1974STATE243883_b.html; “Codel to AAI Conference in Maseru,” Wikileaks, November 18, 1976, https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/1976STATE283152_b.html.
129. Jennifer Beeson, “Biden Family’s Keewaydin Vacation Home Sold for $1.35 Million to Local Architects,” Naples Daily News, June 27, 2018, https://www.naplesnews.com/story/money/real-estate/2018/06/27/biden-familys-keewaydin-vacation-home-sells-1–35-m-architecture-firm-naples-buyer-florida/698194002/.
130. White House Visitors’ Logs; “Stately Fashion: Outfits from the State Dinner,” CBS, https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/stately-fashion-outfits-from-the-state-dinner/21/.
131. Charlie Gasparino, “The Ties that Biden,” Fox Business, October 22, 2012, https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/the-ties-that-biden.
132. White House visitors’ logs; “Michele Gioffre Smith,” LinkedIn Profile, n.d., https://www.linkedin.com/in/michel
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133. “James B. Biden Joins Hill International Subsidiary as Executive Vice President.”
134. Gasparino, “The Ties that Biden.”
135. Ibid.
136. Ibid.
137. Ibid.
138. Ibid.
139. “Stately Fashion: Outfits from the State Dinner”; Monica Hesse and Roxanne Roberts, “White House State Dinner with South Korea,” Washington Post, October 14, 2011, https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/reliable-source/post/white-house-state-dinner-for-south-korea-oct-13–2011/2011/10/14/gIQAdNA3iL_blog.html.
140. Beatrice Thomas, “US Construction Firm Admits Mistake Over Iraq Investment,” Arabian Business, February 24, 2014, https://www.arabianbusiness.com/us-construction-firm-admits-mistake-over-iraq-investment-540113.html.
141. Hill International contracts found on usaspending.gov and govtribe.com.
142. “Kyiv International Airport (Zhuliany), Ukraine,” Weather Underground, n.d., https://www.wunderground.com/history/daily/ua/kiev/UKKK/date/2009–7–22; Christopher Bedford, “Biden’s Good Friend Donor Receives $20 Million Federal Loan to Open Foreign Luxury Car Dealership in Ukraine,” Daily Caller, August 17, 2012, https://dailycaller.com/2012/08/17/bidens-good-friend-donor-receives-20m-federal-loan/.
143. “John Hynansky,” Ukraine Business Feature, interview, accessed September 2, 2019, https://www.ukraine.the-report.com/interview/john-hynansky/.
144. “Public Summary—LLC Winner Imports Ukraine, LTD,” OPIC, n.d., https://www.opic.gov/sites/default/files/files/072612-llcwinterimports.pdf; Bedford, “Biden’s Good Friend Donor Receives $20 Million Federal Loan to Open Foreign Luxury Car Dealership in Ukraine.”
145. Maureen Milford, “Battle over $5 million Chateau Country Estate Ends for Tigani,” Delawareonline.com, April 10, 2015, https://www.delawareonline.com/story/news/local/2015/04/10/battle-million-chateau-country-estate-ends-tigani/25601795/.
146. Tax Lien and Mortgage records found on: Department of the Treasury—Internal Revenue Service, Form 668 (Y)(c), Notice of Federal Tax Lien, James B. Biden, Serial No. 161967815, https://www.collierclerk.com/CorPublicAccess/Document/View/5153212; Claim of Lien, State of Florida, County of Polk, property owned by James Brian Biden, Sr., and Sara Jones Biden, December 24, 2014, https://www.collierclerk.com/CorPublicAccess/Document/View/5027058.
147. Mortgages records from Collier County, Florida: Mortgage, property owned by James B. Biden and Sara Jones Biden, May 26, 2015, https://www.collierclerk.com/CorPublicAccess/Document/View/5136203; Release of Mortgage, property owned by James B. Biden and Sara Jones Biden, February 21, 2015, https://www.collierclerk.com/CorPublicAccess/Document/View/5791008; Mortgage records from Montgomery County, Pennsylvania.
148. Department of the Treasury—Internal Revenue Service, Form 668 (Y)(c), Notice of Federal Tax Lien, James B. Biden, Serial No. 189920815, December 10, 2015, https://www.collierclerk.com/CorPublicAccess/Document/View/5277682.
149. Satisfaction of Claim of Lien, State of Florida, Claim of Lien by Gator Pressure Cleaning & Custom Painting, Inc. against James Brian Biden Sr. and Sara Jones Biden, December 24, 2014.
150. Ben Schreckinger, “Biden’s Brother Touted Biden Cancer Initiative Ties in Investment Pitch,” Politico, September 26, 2019, https://www.politico.com/news/2019/09/26/joe-biden-brother-cancer-initiative-investment-pitch-001675.
151. Albano v. Turton et al., Case No. GIN 007199: Declaration of Richard Cornell in Support of Order for Publication of Summons, Motion to Default Defendant Francis W. Biden, June 27, 2002.
152. Ibid., p. 6.
153. Case No. SCN 109170, Superior Court of California, County of San Diego, p. 22.
154. Albano v. Turton et al., Case No. GIN 007199: Declaration of Richard Cornell in Support of Order for Publication of Summons, Superior Court of California for the County of San Diego North County Branch, 2; Judgment by Default, Superior Court of California County of San Diego, p. 62.
155. Albano v. Turton et al., Case No. GIN 007199: Declaration of Richard Cornell in Support of Order for Publication of Summons, 3; Confidential Investigation Reports, Francis W. Biden, p. 2.
156. Ibid., p. 3.
157. Letter from Senator Biden’s chief of staff to attorney Richard Cornell, September 24, 2008.
158. Certificate of Release of Federal Tax Lien, Department of Treasury, Internal Revenue Service, Francis W. Biden, December 25, 2013.
159. Albano v. Turton et al., Case No. GIN 007199, p. 10.
160. “Biden gets warm welcome in Chile, Costa Rica; Vice President Joe Biden scored points with his ‘nice guy’ image during his Latin America trip,” Miami Herald, April 2, 2009.
161. “Vice President Biden’s March 30 Bilateral Meeting with Costa Rican President Oscar Arias,” April 6, 2009, Wikileaks, April 8, 2009, https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09SANJOSE298_a.html; “Biden and Latin American Leaders in Costa Rica,” White House archives, photograph, n.d., https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/photos-and-video/photos/biden-and-latin-american-leaders-costa-rica.
162. “Costa Rica: Background and U.S. Relations,” May 22, 2009—February 22, 2010, EveryCRSReport.com, https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/R40593.html.
163. Andrew Conte, “Biden Name Drives Costa Rican Golf Dream,” Trib Live, April 26, 2014, https://archive.triblive.com/local/pittsburgh-allegheny/biden-name-drives-costa-rican-golf-dream/; “New Partnership Seeks to Reform Real Estate in Latin America,” Costa Rica News, September 2, 2009, https://thecostaricanews.com/new-partnership-seeks-to-reform-real-estate-in-latin-america/; “Board of Directors,” crgbc.org, on Internet Archive, n.d., https://web.archive.org/web/20101115150837/http://www.crgbc.org/About/BoardofDirectors.aspx (captured November 15, 2010).
164. Conte, “Biden Name Drives Costa Rican Golf Dream.”
165. Joe Biden, Promise Me, Dad: A Year of Hope, Hardship, and Purpose (New York: Flatiron Books, 2017), p. 74.
166. Conte, “Biden Name Drives Costa Rican Golf Dream”; “About,” Sun Fund Americas, on Internet Archive, n.d., https://web.archive.org/web/20150224043102/http://www.sunfundamericas.com/en-us/about.aspx (captured February 24, 2015); “Projects,” Sun Fund Americas, on Internet Archive, n.d., https://web.archive.org/web/20150224062647/http://www.sunfundamericas.com/en-us/projects.aspx (captured February 24, 2015).
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169. “Guanacaste Country Club, Management and Ownership.”
170. “Guanacaste County Club Sponsors,” JD Realty Enterprise Inc., https://www.jdrealtyenterprise.com/custom5/.
171. Republica De Costa Rica Ministerio De Educacion Publica, Circular DVM-PICR-0028–07–2017, https://www.mep.go.cr/sites/default/files/descargas_etica/circular-dvm-picr-0028–07–2017.pdf; “Loan Summary: Overseas Private Investment Corporation to GoSolar Energy Efficiency S.R.L.,” USASpending.gov, September 17, 2015, https://www.usaspending.gov/#/award/47340034; GoSolar “Information Summary for the Public,” accessed September 3, 2019, GoSolar Energy Efficiency S.R.L., https://www.opic.gov/sites/default/files/files/GoSolar_INFORMATION-SUMMARY-FOR-THE-PUBLIC.pdf.
172. “National Recovery Council Team,” National Recovery Council, accessed June 12, 2019, http://nationalrecoverycouncil.com/national-recovery-council-team.
173. White House Visitors’ Logs.
174. Veronica Toney, “Complete guest list for the State Dinner in honor of Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong of Singapore,” Washington Post, August 2, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/reliable-source/wp/2016/08/02/complete-guest-list-for-the-state-dinner-in-honor-of-prime-ministe
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175. “Sun Fund Americas Signs Solar PPA in Jamaica.”
176. “US Vice President announces launch of Caribbean Energy Security Initiative,” Caricom, June 25, 2014, https://caricom.org/communications/view/us-vice-president-announces-launch-of-caribbean-energy-security-initiative.
177. “US Energy Boost—Jamaica to Benefit from US$90 million Clean Power Project,” Gleaner (Jamaica), January 27, 2015, http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20150127/lead/lead1.html; Maria Perez Arguello,“Recap: Caribbean Energy Security Summit,” American Society/Council of the Americas, January 27, 2015, https://www.as-coa.org/articles/recap-caribbean-energy-security-summit.
178. Arlene Martin-Wilkins, “US$9-m Boost,” Jamaica Observer, January 26, 2015, http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/us-90-m-boost_18292215.
179. “Sun Fund Americas Signs Solar PPA in Jamaica.”
180. “Loan Summary: Overseas Private Investment Corporation to Content Solar Limited,” USASpending.gov, July 30, 2015, https://www.usaspending.gov/#/award/47340364; “OPIC to Support 20 MW Jamaican Solar Energy Facility,” OPIC, June 25, 2015, press release, https://www.opic.gov/press-releases/2015/opic-support-20-mw-jamaican-solar-energy-facility.
181. Jaime Lopez, “Renewable Energy Fund Based in Costa Rica Expands to Jamaica,” Costa Rica Star, February 27, 2016, https://news.co.cr/renewable-energy-fund-based-in-costa-rica-expands-to-jamaica/45108/.
182. “Carper, Gregg Announce ‘Charters and Choice’ Education Bill,” Tom Carper’s Senate page, accessed September 3, 2019, https://www.carper.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/pressreleases?ID=54E9555B-BF41–4940-ADC9-AC1C6B4542D1.
183. Associated Press, “Obama Vows to Double Funding for Charter Schools,” September 9, 2008, https://www.cleveland19.com/story/8976743/obama-vows-to-double-funding-for-charter-schools/.
184. Roland G. Fryer Jr., “Executive Summary: Injecting Successful Charter School Strategies into Traditional Public Schools: A Field Experiment in Houston,” NBER Working Paper No. 17494, revised in December 2013, http://www.nber.org/papers/w17494.
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