33Note: Parents frequently struggle to be satisfied with treatment outcomes for Internet addiction: Eidenbenz, F. (2011). Systemic dynamics with adolescents addicted to the Internet. In K. S. Young & C. N. Abreu (Eds.), Internet addiction: A handbook and guide to evaluation and treatment, Kindle Edition, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
34Kuss, D. J., van Rooij, A. J., Shorter, G. W., Griffiths, M. D., & van do Mheen, D. (2013). Internet addiction in adolescents: Prevalence and risk factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 1987-1996, p. 1993.
35Griffiths, M. D., & Hunt, N. (1998). Dependence on computer games by adolescents. Psychological Reports, 82(2), 475-480, p. 475.
36Gentile, D. (2009). Pathological video-game use among youth ages 8 to 18. Psychological Science, 20(5), 594-602, p. 599.
37Wagner, J. S. (2008, May 7). Addiction to video games a growing concern. US News & World Report, Retrieved September 23, 2013, from http://health.usnews.com
38Grossman, D., & DeGaetano, G. (1999). Stop teaching our kids to kill: A call to action against TV, movie, & video game violence. New York: Crown, p. 99.
CHAPTER 5
1Goldstein, D. (2012, June 7). How to fix the gender gap in technology. Slate. Retrieved April 9, 2013, from www.slate.com
2Rideout, V. J., Foehr, U. G., & Roberts, D. F. (2010). Generation M2: Media in the lives of 8-to 18-year-olds. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved March 1, 2014, from http://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/8010.pdf; DePillis, L. (2013, March 28). How to close the tech industry’s gender gap. New Republic. Retrieved July 17, 2013, from www.newrepublic.com
3Note: Statistics derived from the following study: Rideout, V. J., Foehr, U. G., & Roberts, D. F. (2010). Generation M2: Media in the lives of 8-to 18-year-olds. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved March 1, 2014, from http://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/8010.pdf
4Duckworth, A. L., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2006). Self-discipline gives girls the edge: Gender in self-discipline, grades, and achievement test scores. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98(1), 198-208.
5Kristof, N. D. (2010, March 27). The boys have fallen behind. New York Times. Retrieved July 17, 2013, from www.nytimes.com
6American Council on Education. (2010, Spring). By the numbers: Gender gap in higher education holding steady. Retrieved July 18, 2013, from www.acenet.edu
7Goodwin, L. (2013, June 21). As court prepares affirmative-action decision, softer standards for men go unnoticed. Yahoo! News. Retrieved June 19, 2014, from http://news.yahoo.com
8Ogletree, S. M., & Drake, R. (2007). College students’ video game participation and perceptions: Gender differences and implications. Sex Roles, 56(7-8), 537-542.
9Stinebrickner, T. R., & Stinebrickner, R. (2007, August). The causal effect of studying on academic performance. National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER Working Paper No. 13341. Retrieved April 28, 2013, from http://www.nber.org/papers/w13341.pdf?new_window=1
10Note: Women earn higher grades in and more likely to graduate from college: Conger, D., & Long, M. C. (2010). Why are men falling behind? Gender gaps in college performance and persistence. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 627(1), 184-214: Note: Women more likely to earn honors in college: Lewin, T. (2006, July 9). At colleges, women are leaving men in the dust. New York Times, Retrieved July 18, 2013, from www.nytimes.com
11Autor, D., & Wasserman, M. (2013, March). Wayward Sons: The emerging gender gap in labor markets and education. Third Way. Retrieved July 3, 2013, from http://content.thirdway.org/publications/662/Third_Way_Report_-_NEXT_Wayward_Sons-The_Emerging_Gender_Gap_in_Labor_Markets_and_Education.pdf
12Sax, L. (2007). Boys adrift: The five factors driving the growing epidemic of unmotivated boys and underachieving young men. New York: Basic, p. 68.
13Zimbardo, P., & Duncan, N. (2012). The demise of guys: Why boys are struggling and what we can do about it, Kindle Edition. Seattle: Amazon Digital Services.
14Zimbardo, P., & Duncan, N. (2012). The demise of guys: Why boys are struggling and what we can do about it, Kindle Edition. Seattle: Amazon Digital Services.
15Hoeft, F., Watson, C. L., Kesler, S. R., Bettinger, K. E., & Reiss, A. L. (2008). Gender differences in the mesocorticolimbic system during computer game-play. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 42(4), 253-258, p. 253.
16Rideout, V. J., Foehr, U. G., & Roberts, D. F. (2010). Generation M2: Media in the lives of 8-to 18-year-olds. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved March 1, 2014, from http://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/8010.pdf
17Duckworth, A. L., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2006). Self-discipline gives girls the edge: Gender in self-discipline, grades, and achievement test scores. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98(1), 198-208.
18Note: Figures derived from: Rideout, V. J., Foehr, U. G., & Roberts, D. F. (2010). Generation M2: Media in the lives of 8-to 18-year-olds. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved March 1, 2014, from http://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/8010.pdf
19Rideout, V. J., Foehr, U. G., & Roberts, D. F. (2010). Generation M2: Media in the lives of 8-to 18-year-olds. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved March 1, 2014, from http://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/8010.pdf
20Rideout, V. J., Foehr, U. G., & Roberts, D. F. (2010). Generation M2: Media in the lives of 8-to 18-year-olds. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved March 1, 2014, from http://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/8010.pdf
21Lenhart, A. (2012, March 19). Teens, smartphones & texting. Pew Internet & American Life Project. Retrieved July 3, 2013, from http://pewinternet.org/~/media//Files/Reports/2012/PIP_Teens_Smartphones_and_Texting.pdf
22Ma, C. Q., & Huebner, E. S. (2008). Attachment relationships and adolescents’ life satisfaction: Some relationships matter more to girls than boys. Psychology in the Schools, 45(2), 177-190.
23DePillis, L. (2013, March 28). How to close the tech industry’s gender gap. New Republic. Retrieved July 17, 2013, from www.newrepublic.com
CHAPTER 6
1Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1-6. Retrieved June 12, 2014, from http://www.mar-cprensky.com/writing/Prensky%20-%20Digital%20Natives,%20Digital%20Immigrants%20-%20Part1.pdf
2Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1-6. Retrieved June 12, 2014, from http://www.mar-cprensky.com/writing/Prensky%20-%20Digital%20Natives,%20Digital%20Immigrants%20-%20Part1.pdf, p. 1.
3Prensky, M. (2006). “Don’t bother me mom—I’m learning!”: How computer and video games are preparing your kids for 21st century success—and how you can help!. St. Paul, MN: Paragon House, p. xxiii.
4Prensky, M. (2006). “Don’t bother me mom—I’m learning!”: How computer and video games are preparing your kids for 21st century success—and how you can help!. St. Paul, MN: Paragon House, p. xvi.
5Prensky, M. (2006). “Don’t bother me mom—I’m learning!”: How computer and video games are preparing your kids for 21st century success—and how you can help!. St. Paul, MN: Paragon House, p. 4.
6Prensky, M. (2006). “Don’t bother me mom—I’m learning!”: How computer and video games are preparing your kids for 21st century success—and how you can help!. St. Paul, MN: Paragon House.
7Prensky, M. (2006). “Don’t bother me mom—I’m learning!”: How computer and video games are preparing your kids for 21st century success—and how you can help!. St. Paul, MN: Paragon House, p. 5.
8Bennett, S. (2012). Digital natives. In Z. Yan (Ed.), Encyclopedia of cyber behavior: Volume 1 (pp. 212-219). United States: IGI Global. Retrieved June 12, 2014, from http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2364&context=edupapers, p. 3.
9Selwyn, N. (2009). The digital native–myth and reality. ASLIB Proceedings: New Information Perspectives, 61(4), 364-379, p. 364.
10Toddlers on Technology. The book. Retrieved June 2, 2014, from http://digitod.com/the-book/
11Rosin, H. (2013, April). The touch-screen generation. The
Atlantic. Retrieved June 12, 2014, from www.theatlantic.com
12Rideout, V. J., Foehr, U. G., & Roberts, D. F. (2010). Generation M2: Media in the lives of 8-to 18-year-olds. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved March 1, 2014, from http://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/8010.pdf
13Boyd, D. (2014). It’s complicated: The social lives of networked teens, Kindle Edition. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
14Boyd, D. (2014, March 24). Let kids run wild online. Time, 183(11), 40; Note: Boyd makes similar comments about parenting in this article: Simmons, R. (2014, February 24). danah boyd’s exclusive q & a on her excellent new book on youth & social media. RachelSimmons.com. Retrieved March 17, 2014, from http://www.rachelsimmons.com/2014/02/danah-boyds-exclusive-q-a-on-her-excellent-new-book-on-youth-social-media/
15Reuters. (2007, February 20). Bill Gates keeps close eye on kids’ computer time. Retrieved December 5, 2012, from www.reuters.com
16International Society for Technology in Education. (2014). ISTE standards. Retrieved October 3, 2014, from http://www.iste.org/standards
17International Society for Technology in Education. (2012). ISTE corporate membership. Retrieved November 20, 2013, from https://www.iste.org/membership/join-renew/corporate-members
18International Society for Technology in Education. ISTE 2013. Retrieved August 23, 2014, from https://www.isteconference.org/2013/about_us/past_conferences.php
19Gray, P. (2012, March 9). The many benefits, for kids, of playing video games. ISTE Connects Blog. Retrieved January 6, 2014, from http://blog.iste.org/the-many-benefits-for-kids-of-playing-video-games/
20Rideout, V. J., Foehr, U. G., & Roberts, D. F. (2010). Generation M2: Media in the lives of 8-to 18-year-olds. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved March 1, 2014, from http://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/8010.pdf, p. 35.
21Rideout, V. J., Foehr, U. G., & Roberts, D. F. (2010). Generation M2: Media in the lives of 8-to 18-year-olds. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved March 1, 2014, from http://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/8010.pdf
22Baumrind, D. (1996). The discipline controversy revisited. Family Relations, 45(4), 405-414; Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In P. H. Mussen (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology. Vol. 4: Socialization, personality, and social development (pp. 1–101). New York: Wiley.
23Milevsky, A., Schlechter, M., Netter, S., & Keehn, D. (2007). Maternal and paternal parenting styles in adolescents: Associations with self-esteem, depression and life-satisfaction. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 16(1), 39-47; Steinberg, L., Mounts, N. S., Lamborn, S. D., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1991). Authoritative parenting and adolescent adjustment across varied ecological niches. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 1(1), 19-36.
24Steinberg, L., Lamborn, S. D., Dornbusch, S. M., & Darling, N. (1992). Impact of parenting practices on adolescent achievement: Authoritative parenting, school involvement, and encouragement to succeed. Child Development, 63(5), 1266-1281; Steinberg, L., Mounts, N. S., Lamborn, S. D., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1991). Authoritative parenting and adolescent adjustment across varied ecological niches. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 1(1), 19-36; Turner, E. A., Chandler, M., & Heffer, R. W. (2009). The influence of parenting styles, achievement motivation, and self-efficacy on academic performance in college students. Journal of College Student Development, 50(3), 337-346.
25Steinberg, L., Lamborn, S. D., Darling, N., Mounts, N. S., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1994). Over-time changes in adjustment and competence among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful families. Child Development, 65(3), 754-770; Aunola, K., Stattin, H., & Nurmi, J. E. (2000). Parenting styles and adolescents’ achievement strategies. Journal of Adolescence, 23(2), 205-222; Cohen, D. A., & Rice, J. (1997). Parenting styles, adolescent substance use, and academic achievement. Journal of Drug Education, 27(2), 199-211.
26Boyd, D. (2014, March 24). Let kids run wild online. Time, 183(11), 40.
27Levine, M. (2012). Teach your children well: Parenting for authentic success, Kindle Edition. New York: Harper.
28Levine, M. (2012, August 4). Raising successful children. New York Times. Retrieved January 7, 2014, from www.nytimes.com
29Tanner, L. (2013, October 28). Docs to parents: Limit kids’ texts, tweets, online. The Washington Times. Retrieved January 7, 2014, from www.washingtontimes.com
30Scelfo, J. (2010, June 9). The risks of parenting while plugged in. New York Times. Retrieved October 29, 2012, from www.nytimes.com
31Williams, J. C., & Boushey, H. (2010, January). The three faces of work-family conflict: The poor, the professionals, and the missing middle. Center for American Progress, and the Center for Work Life Law, University of California, Hastings College of the Law. Retrieved July 17, 2013, from http://www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/2010/01/pdf/threefaces.pdf
32Leibovich, L. (2013, September 4). 8 ways screens are ruining your family’s life. Huffington Post. Retrieved June 12, 2014, from www.huffingtonpost.com
33Bilton, N. (2014, September 10). Steve Jobs was a low-tech parent. New York Times. Retrieved October 2, 2014, from www.nytimes.com
34Bilton, N. (2014, September 10). Steve Jobs was a low-tech parent. New York Times. Retrieved October 2, 2014, from www.nytimes.com
35McCannon, B. General tools of media analysis. The New Mexico Media Literacy Project. Retrieved June 12, 2014, from http://www.medialiteracy.net/pdfs/general.pdf
36Barbaro, A. (Director/Writer), & Earp, J. (Writer/Director). (2008). Consuming kids: The commercialization of childhood [Film documentary]. (Available from the Campaign for a Commercial-free Childhood at http://commercialfreechildhood.org/resource/consuming-kids)
37Hafner, K. (2009, December 20). To deal with obsession, some defriend Facebook. New York Times. Retrieved January 7, 2014, from www.nytimes.com
38National School Boards Association. (2007, July). Creating & connecting: Research and guidelines on online social—and educational—networking. Retrieved September 24, 2013, from www.grunwald.com
39Simmons, R. (2011). Odd girl out: The hidden culture of aggression in girls. Boston: Mariner.
CHAPTER 7
1Motorola. (1950, September 5). How television benefits your children. Retrieved March 3, 2013, from http://www.jumbojoke.com/tv_is_good_for_kids.html
2Zimmerman, F. J., Christakis, D. A., Meltzoff, A. N. (2007). Associations between media viewing and language development in children under age 2 years. The Journal of Pediatrics, 151(4), 364-368.
3Christakis, D. A., Garrison, M. M., Herrenkohl, T., Haggerty, K., Rivara, F. P., Zhou, C., et al. (2013). Modifying media content for preschool children: A randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics, 131(3), 431-438; Comstock, G., & Scharrer, E. (1999). Television: What’s on, who’s watching, and what it means. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
4Comstock, G., & Scharrer, E. (1999). Television: What’s on, who’s watching, and what it means. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
5Vandewater, E. A., Bickham, D. S., & Lee, J. H. (2006). Time well spent? Relating television use to children’s free-time activities. Pediatrics, 117(2), e181-e191, p. e181.
6Rosario-Tapan, C., & Tahnk, J. L. 25 more iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad Apps for kids. Parenting. Retrieved December 16, 2012, from www.parenting.com
7Sigman, A. (2010, August). The impact of screen media on children: A Eurovision for Parliament. (Presentation given to the Quality of Childhood Group in the European Parliament). Retrieved July 14, 2013, from http://www.ecswe.org/downloads/publications/QOC-V3/Chapter-4.pdf
8National Association for the Education of Young Children/Fred Rogers Center for Early Learning and Children’s Media. (2012, January). Technology and interactive media as tools in early childhood programs serving children from birth through age 8. Retrieved July 14, 2013, from http://www.naeyc.org/files/naeyc/PS_technology_WEB.pdf
9Guernsey, L. (2012, March 7). Saying yes to digital media
in preschool and kindergarten. Huffington Post. Retrieved May 22, 2013, from www.huffingtonpost.com
10Guernsey, L. (2010, August 2). Screens, kids and the NAEYC position statement. New America Foundation. Retrieved May 22, 2013, from http://earlyed.newamerica.net/blogposts/2010/screens_kids_and_the_naeyc_position_statement-35103; New America Foundation. Our funding. Retrieved July 2, 2014, from http://www.newamerica.org/about/funding
11LaPorte, N. (2012, July 7). Where apps become child’s play. New York Times. Retrieved July 2, 2014, from www.nytimes.com
12Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood, Alliance for Childhood, & Teachers Resisting Unhealthy Children’s Entertainment (2012, October). Facing the Screen Dilemma: Young children, technology and early education. Boston, MA: Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood; New York, NY: Alliance for Childhood.
13Tandon, P., Zhou, C., Lozano, P., & Christakis, D. (2011). Preschoolers’ total daily screen time at home and by type of child care. The Journal of Pediatrics, 158(2), 297-300.
14Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood. Tell Fisher-Price: No iPad bouncy seats for infants! Retrieved July 2, 2014, from http://www.commercialfreechildhood.org/action/tell-fisher-price-no-ipad-bouncy-seats-infants
15Fisher-Price. Packaging for Fisher-Price Newborn-to-Toddler Apptivity™ Seat for iPad® device. ebay.com. Retrieved July 2, 2014, from http://www.ebay.com/itm/NEW-FISHER-PRICE-NEWBORN-TO-TODDLER-APPTIVITY-SEAT-/231214295617
16CTA. Quality gaming and multimedia accessories. Retrieved July 3, 2014, from http://www.ctadigital.com/item.asp?item=3016
17Golin, J. (2013, December 9). And the TOADY goes to: The iPotty by CTA Digital. Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood. Retrieved July 3, 2014, from http://www.commercialfreechildhood.org/blog/toady-ipotty
18Center on Media and Child Health. Media and your child: Preschoolers: Ages 3-5. Retrieved July 14, 2013, from http://www.cmch.tv/mentors_parents/preschool.asp; Center on Media and Child Health. Media and your child: Infants and toddlers: Ages 0-2. Retrieved July 14, 2013, from http://www.cmch.tv/mentors_parents/infants_toddlers.asp
Wired Child Page 23