The Campaigns of Napoleon

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The Campaigns of Napoleon Page 135

by David G Chandler


  Desolles (Independent Reserve Division)

  Saligny (King of Spain’s Guards)

  _______

  TOTAL:

  13,000 (detachments, etc. uncertain)

  _______

  III. L

  EFT

  F

  LANK

  THIRD CORPS

  Marshal Moncey, Duke of Conegliano Mathieu (1st Division)

  Musnier (2nd Division)

  Morlot (3rd Division)

  Grandjean (4th Division)

  Wathiez (Light Cavalry)

  _______

  TOTAL:

  37,690 (less 18,600 sick or detached)

  _______

  IV.

  RESERVE

  C

  ORPS

  FIFTH CORPS

  Marshal Mortier, Duke of Treviso Suchet (1st Division)

  Gazan (2nd Division)

  Delaage (Light Cavalry)

  _______

  TOTAL:

  24,552 (less 2,100 sick or detached)

  _______

  EIGHTH CORPS

  (formerly the Army of Portugal; dissolved December 1808) General Junot, Duke of Abrantes Delaborde (Ist Division) joined to Soult

  Loison (2nd Division) part to Soult and Lefebvre

  Heudelet (3rd Division) joined to Soult

  Light Cavalry consisting of provisional regiments

  _______

  TOTAL:

  25,730 (less 5,700 sick or detached)

  _______

  Totals relate to state of 10 October (gross strengths); the Reserve Corps, however, only reached Spain in November and December.

  Figures in brackets below totals relate to January 1809 gross corps strengths after reinforcements.

  I. R

  IGHT

  F

  LANK

  Information drawn mainly from Sir C. Oman, History of the Peninsular War, Oxford, 1902. Vol. I. Appx. 12, pp. 640-45.

  F. THE FORMATIONS OF THE REFORMED GRANDE ARMÉE ON MARCH 30, 1809

  Unit Commander Line Divisions Attached Light Cavalry Strength (approx.)

  Escort for Army Staff 5 battalions (various) 100 gendarmes d’élite 5,000

  Second Corps Victor or Bernadotte (in fact at first Oudinot) Claparéde (1st), Tharreau (2nd) (both under Oudinot) St. Hilaire (3rd) Colbert’s brigade. Also attached: d’Espagne’s cuirassier division 14,000

  Third Corps Davout Morand (1st), Friant (2nd), Godwin (3rd), Demont (4th), Rouyer’s German division Jacquinot’s brigade. Also attached: St. Sulpice’s cuirassier division 45,000

  Fourth Corps Massena Legrand (1st), Carra St. Cyr (2nd), Molitor (3rd), Boudet (4th) Marulaz’s division of light cavalry 40,000

  Reserve Cavalry Bessiéres Montbrun’s light cavalry division; Beaumont’s dragoon division; one division of heavy cavalry and one division of cuirassiers (initially unnominated—eventually Nansouty) 29,000

  Bavarian Corps (Seventh) Lefebvre Deroi (1st), Wrede (2nd), Sieben (3rd) Zandt’s, Praysing’s and Seydwitz’s light cavalry brigades 30,000

  TOTAL

  (after arrival of the Guard): 170,500, eventually rising to over 200,000 men by early July. (Gross strengths.)

  N.B.—The Imperial Guard (6,000 infantry and 1,500 cavalry) and several further corps joined the army at later dates. This Order of Battle is given in the Cormpoiidance, Vol. XVIII, No. 14975, pp. 413-16. The strengths given should be treated with caution, not being included in original source.

  G. ORGANIZATION OF LA GRANDE ARMéE FOR THE CAMPAIGN OF 1812

  H. ORGANIZATION OF L’ ARMÉE DU NORD FOR THE CAMPAIGN OF 1815

  A. Grand General Staff

  The Emperor Napoleon I

  General Staff:

  Chief of Staff: Marshal Soult, Duke of Dalmatia

  Commanding the Cavalry: Marshal Grouchy (later given command of the right wing)

  Commanding the Artillery: Gen. Ruty

  Commanding the Engineers: Gen. Baron Rogniat

  Intendant General: Intendant General Daru

  Waggon-Master: Major Coignet

  Personal Staff:

  Grandmaster of the Palace: Gen. Bertrand

  Aides-de-Camp: Generals Lebrun, Drouot, Corbineau, de la Billarderie, Dejean, and de la Bedoyère

  Orderly Officers: Baron Gourgaud and 13 assistants

  Secretaries, Pages, etc.: 21 (including “spare” generals, Gudin, Cambacères and Roguet)

  Imperial War Cabinet: Maret, Duke of Bassano; 1st Secretary: Baron Fain

  Librarian and Historian: Baron Yvon

  Officers, orderlies, escort to the staff, etc.

  TOTAL: 553 (including 79 officers)

  B. Formations of the Right Wing

  Commander in Chief: Marshal Grouchy

  Formation Commander Divisional Generals Artillery Strength

  THIRD CORPS

  Gen. Count Vandamme Lefol (8th Division) 15,000 Infantry

  Habert (10th Division) 1,000 Cavalry

  Berthézène (11th Division) 1,000 Gunners

  Domon (3rd Cavalry Division) 150 Sappers

  Doguereau (Corps Artillery) 38 guns

  _______

  TOTAL: 17, 150

  _______

  FOURTH CORPS

  Gen. Count Pécheau (12th Division) 12,900 Infantry

  Gérard Vichéry (13th Division) 1,600 Cavalry

  Bourmont (14th Division)* 1,000 Gunners

  Maurin (7th Cavalry Division) 200 Sappers

  Baltus (Corps Artillery) 38 guns

  *Replaced by Hulot

  _______

  TOTAL: 15,700

  _______

  ATTACHED CAVALRY CORPS: Varied considerably, see under “Cavalry Reserve”

  C. Formations of the Left Wing

  Commander in Chief: Marshal Ney, Prince of the Moscowa

  Formation Commander Divisional Generals Artillery Strength

  FIRST CORPS

  Gen. Drouet, Count d’Erlon Allix (1st Division) 17,700 Infantry

  Donzelot (2nd Division) 1,800 Cavalry

  Marcognet (3rd Division) 1,100 Gunners

  Durutte (4th Division) 350 Sappers

  Jacquinot (1st Cavalry Division)

  Desales (Corps Artillery) 46 guns

  _______

  TOTAL: 20,950

  _______

  SECOND CORPS

  Gen. Count Reille Bachelu (5th Division) 21,800 Infantry

  Jérôme (6th Division) 1,800 Cavalry

  Girard (7th Division) 1,100 Gunners

  Foy (9th Division) 400 Sappers

  Piré (2nd Cavalry Division)

  Pelletier (Corps Artillery) 46 guns

  _______

  TOTAL:

  25,100

  _______

  ATTACHED CAVALRY CORPS: Varied considerably, see under “Cavalry Reserve”

  D. Formations of the Reserve

  Commander in Chief: The Emperor Napoleon I

  Formation Commander Divisional Generals Artillery Strength

  IMPERIAL GUARD

  Marshal Mortier Friant (Old Guard) 12,600 Infantry

  Deputy: Gen. Drouot Morand (Middle Guard) 4,000 Cavalry

  Duhesme (Young Guard) 3,000 Gunners

  Lefebvre-Desnouettes (Light Cavalry) 678 Sappers

  Guyot (Heavy Cavalry)

  St. Maurice (Guard Artillery) 118 guns

  _______

  TOTAL: 20,278

  _______

  SIXTH CORPS

  Gen. Mouton, Count of Lobau Simmer (19th Division) 9,400 Infantry

  Jannin (20th Division) Nil Cavalry

  Teste (21st Division) 700 Gunners

  Noury (Corps Artillery) 32 guns 200 Sappers

  No Corps Cavalry

  _______

  TOTAL: 10,300

  _______

  T

  HE R

  ESERVE C

  AVALRY

  Commander in Chief: Marshal Grouchy

  Formation Commander Divisional Generals Artillery Strength

&nbs
p; FIRST CAVALRY CORPS

  Gen. Count Pajol Soult (4th Cavalry Division) 2,800 Cavalry

  300 Gunners

  Subervie (5th Cavalry Division)

  Corps Artillery 12 guns

  _______

  TOTAL: 3,100

  _______

  SECOND CAVALRY CORPS

  Gen. Count Exelmans Stroltz (9th Cavalry Division) 3,000 Cavalry

  290 Gunners

  Chastel (10th Cavalry Division)

  Corps Artillery 12 guns

  _______

  TOTAL: 3,290

  _______

  THIRD CAVALRY CORPS

  Gen. Kellermann, Count of Valmy I’Heritier (11th Cavalry Division) 3,400 Cavalry

  300 Gunners

  d’Urbal (12th Cavalry Division)

  Corps Artillery 12 guns

  _______

  TOTAL: 3,700

  _______

  FOURTH CAVALRY CORPS

  Gen. Count Milhaud St. Alphonse (13th Cavalry Division) 2,700 Cavalry

  Delort (14th Cavalry Division)

  Corps Artillery 12 guns

  _______

  TOTAL: 3,000

  _______

  GRAND TOTALS:

  89,000 Infantry; 22,100 Cavalry; 9,090 Gunners; 1,978 Sappers; 553 Staff etc.

  or 122,721 (366 guns)

  _______

  Basic information mainly drawn from the Correspondance, Vol. XXVIII, No.21747, pp. 55-57.

  C.f.—Wellington’s Allied Army: Gross total 110,000 (222 guns)

  Blücher’s Prussian Army: Gross total 117,000 (296 guns)

  I.Summary of Selected Battles

  J. THE IMPERIAL NOBILITY

  The lists that follow are by no means exhaustive, but relate principally to those members of the Imperial nobility who have figured more or less prominently in this book.

  I. T

  HE B

  ONAPARTE F

  AMILY

  Napoleon I (August 15, 1769-May 5, 1821). First Consul of the Republic, November 9, 1799. Consul for Life, August 2, 1802. Emperor of the French, proclaimed May 18, 1804; crowned December 2, 1804. King of Italy, proclaimed March 18, 1805; crowned May 26, 1805.

  Napoleon II, Francis-Charles-Joseph (March 20, 1811-July 22, 1832). King of Rome, 1811. Duke of Reichstadt, 1817.

  Bonaparte, Jérôme (November 19, 1784-June 24, 1860). Prince of France, 1804. King of Westphalia, 1807-1813.

  Bonaparte, Joseph (January 7, 1768-July 28, 1844). First Prince of the Blood, 1804. King of Naples, 1806. King of Spain, 1808-1813.

  Bonaparte, Louis (September 5, 1778-July 25, 1846). King of Holland, 1806-1810.

  Bonaparte, Lucien (May 21, 1775-June 29, 1840). Prince of Canino, 1807.

  Beauharnais, Eugene de (September 3, 1781-February 21, 1824). Prince, 1805. Viceroy of Italy, 1806-1814. Duke of Leuchtenberg, 1814.

  Murat, Joachim (March 25, 1767-October 13, 1815). Grand Duke of Clèves and Berg, 1806. King of Naples, 1808-1815. First served: February 23, 1787 (trooper); Marshal, May 19, 1804.

  “Les Grandes Dames”

  Beauharnais, Josephine de (1763-1814). Empress, 1804-1810.

  Marie-Louise, of Austria (1791-1847). Empress, 1810-1815.

  Bonaparte, Caroline (1782-1839). Grand Duchess of Berg and of Clèves, 1806. Queen of Naples, 1808.

  Bonaparte, Élisa (1777-1820). Princess of Lucca. Grand Duchess of Tuscany, 1808.

  Bonaparte, Marie-Letizia (1750-1836). Madame Mère and Dowager Empress, 1804.

  Bonaparte, Pauline (1780-1825). Duchess of Guastalla and Princess Borghèse, 1803.

  Beauharnais, Hortense de (1783-1837). Queen of Holland, 1806.

  II. P

  RINCES OF THE E

  MPIRE

  Bernadotte, Jean B. J. de (January 26, 1763-March 8, 1844). Prince of Ponte-Corvo, 1805.

  Crown Prince of Sweden, 1810. King of Sweden, 1818.

  First military service: September 3, 1780 (enlisted as private soldier).

  Appointed Marshal of the Empire: May 19, 1804.

  Berthier, Louis-Alexandre (November 20, 1753-June 1, 1815). Prince of Neuchâtel, 1806.

  Prince of Wagram, 1809.

  First military service: January 1, 1766 (geographical engineer).

  Appointed Marshal of the Empire: May 19, 1804.

  Davout, Louis-Nicolas (May 10, 1770-June 1, 1823). Duke of Auerstadt, 1808. Prince of Eckmühl, 1809.

  First military service: September 29, 1785 (cadet at l’École Militaire).

  Appointed Marshal of the Empire: May 19, 1804.

  Massena, André (May 6, 1758-April 4, 1817). Duke of Rivoli, 1808. Prince of Essling, 1810.

  First military service: August 18, 1775 (enlisted as private soldier).

  Appointed Marshal of the Empire: May 19, 1804.

  Ney, Michel (January 10, 1769-December 7, 1815). Duke of Elchingen, 1808. Prince of the Moskowa, 1813.

  First military service: February 12, 1787 (enlisted as cavalry trooper).

  Appointed Marshal of the Empire: May 19, 1804.

  Poniatowski, Joseph A. (May 7, 1763-October 19, 1813). Polish prince.

  First military service: 1778 (as an officer in the Austrian Army).

  Appointed Marshal of the Empire: October 18, 1813.

  Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles-Maurice (February 12, 1754-May 17, 1838). Bishop of Autun, 1789. Prince of Benevento, 1806.

  Special posts: Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1797-1807; Grand Chamberlain of the Empire, 1804.

  III. D

  UKES

  Augereau, Charles-Pierre-François (October 21, 1757-June 12, 1816). Duke of Castiglione, 1808.

  First military service: 1774 (enlisted as private soldier).

  Appointed Marshal of the Empire: May 19, 1804.

  Bessières, Jean-Baptiste (August 6, 1768-May 1, 1813). Duke of Istria, 1809.

  First military service: April 7, 1792 (enlisted as cavalry trooper).

  Appointed Marshal of the Empire: May 19, 1804.

  Cambacérès, Jean-Jacques (October 18, 1753-March 8, 1824). Duke of Parma, 1808.

  Special posts: Minister of Justice, 1799; Arch-Chancellor of the Empire, 1804; President of the Senate.

  Caulaincourt, Armand-Augustin-Louis (December 9, 1773-February 19, 1827). Duke of Vicenza, 1808.

  First military service: December 8, 1788 (enlisted as cavalry trooper).

  Highest military rank: General of division, 1805.

  Special posts: Grand Equerry, 1804; Foreign Minister, 1813.

  Clarke, Henri-Jacques-Guillaume (October 17, 1765-October 28, 1818). Duke of Feltre, 1809.

  First military service: September 17, 1781 (cadet at l’École Militaire).

  Highest military rank: General of Brigade, 1793 (later Marshal of France, 1816).

  Special posts: Diplomatic Envoy; Minister of War, 1807-1814.

  Duroc, Géraud-Christophe-Michel (October 25, 1772-May 23, 1813). Duke of Frioul, 1808.

  First military service: February 1789 (cadet at Metz).

  Highest military rank: General of division, 1803.

  Special posts: Grand Marshal (or Lord High Steward) of the Empire, 1804.

  Fouché, Joseph (May 21, 1759-December 25, 1820). Duke of Otranto, 1808.

  Special posts: Diplomatic Appointments and Minister of Police, 1804-1810.

  Gaudin, Martin-Michel-Charles (1756-1841). Duke of Gaèta, 1809.

  Special post: Minister of Finance, 1799-1814.

  Junot, Andoche (September 25, 1771-July 29, 1813). Duke of Abrantès, 1808.

  First military service: September 1, 1791 (enlisted as volunteer).

  Highest military rank: General of division, 1803.

  Kellermann, François-Étienne-Christophe (May 28, 1735-September 13, 1820). Duke of Valmy, 1808.

  First military service: 1752 (gentleman-cadet).

  Appointed Marshal of the Empire: May 19, 1804.

  Lannes, Jean (April 10, 1769-May 31, 1809). Duke of Montebello, 1808.

  First military service: June 20, 1792 (2nd
-Lieutenant of infantry).

  Appointed Marshal of the Empire: May 19, 1804.

  Lefebvre, François-Joseph (October 25, 1755-September 14, 1820). Duke of Danzig, 1807.

  First military service: September 10, 1773 (enlisted as private soldier).

  Appointed Marshal of the Empire: May 19, 1804.

  MacDonald, Ètienne-Jacques-Joseph-Alexandre (November 17, 1765-September 25, 1840).

  Duke of Tarentum, 1809.

  First military service: 1784 (Irish Legion).

  Appointed Marshal of the Empire: July 12, 1809.

  Maret, Hughes-Bernard (1763-1839). Duke of Bassano, 1809.

  Special posts: Diplomatic Appointments; Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1811-1813.

  Marmont, Auguste-Frédéric-Louis-Viesse de (July 20, 1774-March 3, 1852). Duke of Ragusa, 1808.

  First military service: July 6, 1790 (Artillery 2nd Lieutenant).

  Marshal of the Empire: July 12, 1809.

  Moncey (Jeannot de Moncey), Bon-Adrien (July 31, 1754-April 20, 1842). Duke of Conegliano, 1808.

  First military service: September 15, 1769 (enlisted as volunteer).

  Appointed Marshal of the Empire: May 19, 1804.

  Mortier, Adolphe-Èdouard-Casimir-Joseph (February 13, 1768-July 28, 1835). Duke of Treviso, 1808.

  First military service: September 1, 1791 (elected captain of infantry).

  Appointed Marshal of the Empire: May 19, 1804.

  Oudinot, Nicolas-Charles (April 25, 1767-September 13, 1847). Duke of Reggio, 1810.

  First military service: June 2, 1784 (enlisted as private soldier).

  Appointed Marshal of the Empire: July 12, 1809.

  Savary, Anne-Jean-Marie-René (April 26, 1774-June 2, 1833). Duke of Rovigo, 1808.

  First military service: 1790 (enlisted as volunteer).

  Highest military rank: General of division, 1805.

  Special post: Minister of Police, 1810-1814.

  Soult, Nicilas-Jean de Dieu (March 29, 1769-November 26, 1851). Duke of Dalmatia, 1808.

  First military service: April 16, 1785 (enlisted as private soldier).

 

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