Magnificent Magnesium

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Magnificent Magnesium Page 17

by Dennis Goodman


  American Holistic Medical Association

  27629 Chagrin Boulevard, Suite 206

  Woodmere, OH 44122

  (216) 292–6644

  [email protected]

  www.holisticmedicine.org

  The American Holistic Medical Association is the oldest national organization devoted to the promotion of holistic and integrative medicine. Their website provides information on the principles and practice of holistic medicine, and includes a directory of providers who specialize in it.

  Functional Medicine University (FMU)

  2123 Old Spartanburg Road #348

  Greer, SC 29650

  (877) 328–4035

  www.functionalmedicineuniversity.com

  www.functionalmedicinedoctors.com

  The Functional Medicine University (FMU) offers training for doctors in functional medicine, an approach to health care that uses a variety of diagnostic tests and treatments to optimize patient wellness. The first website provides resources for understanding functional medicine; the second is an online directory that will help you locate doctors who have completed the FMU training program.

  The Society for Orthomolecular Health Medicine

  2698 Pacific Avenue

  San Francisco, CA 94115

  Tel: (415) 922-6462

  [email protected]

  www.orthomed.org

  Founded by two-time Nobel Prize laureate Linus Pauling, the Society for Orthomolecular Health Medicine promotes the practice of orthomolecular medicine, an approach to optimizing health that emphasizes restoring biochemical balance through high doses of vitamins, minerals, and hormones. A physicians’ directory is available upon request.

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  References

  Chapter 1

  Go, Alan S, et al. “AHA statistical update: heart disease and stroke statistics—2013 update.” Circulation 2013; 127(1): e6–e245.

  “Heart disease facts.” CDC.gov. Last modified March 19, 2013. www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm.

  “Periodontal disease and atherosclerotic vascular disease: does the evidence support an independent association?” Heart.org. Last modified May 15, 2012. http://newsroom.heart.org/news/periodontal-disease-and-atherosclerotic-234243.

  Chapter 2

  Cohen, Suzy. Drug Muggers: Which Medications Are Robbing Your Body of Essential Nutrients-And Natural Ways To Restore Them. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Books, 2011.

  David, DR, et al. “Changes in USDA food composition data for 43 garden crops, 1950–1999.” J Amer Coll Nutr 2004; 23(6):669–682.

  Flink, EB. “Magnesium deficiency–etiology and clinical spectrum.” Acta Med. Scand. Suppl. 1981; 209(S647):125–37.

  Huber, DM. “The Woes of GMOs - Glyphosate and GMOs’ impact on crops, soils, animals and man.” GM Watch. Last modified Sept. 3, 2012. www.gmwatch.org/latest-listing/51–2012/14164-glyphosate-and-gmos-impact-on-crops-soils-animals-and-man-dr-don-huber.

  Larsson, S, et al. “Dietary magnesium intake and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective studies.” Am J Clin Nutr. 2012; 95(2): 269–270.

  Marler, JB, et al. “Human health, the nutritional quality of harvested food and sustainable farming systems.” Nutritionsecurity.org Last modified 2006. www.nutritionsecurity.org/PDF/NSI_White%20Paper_Web.pdf.

  Piovesan, D, et al. “The human ‘magnesome’: detecting magnesium binding sites on human proteins.” BMC Bioinformatics 2012; 13 (Suppl 14):S10.

  Pitkänen, H. “Industrial possibilities to interfere with the salt problem: dietary Na/(K+Mg) ratio.” Magnesium 1982;1:298–303.

  Spiroux de Vendômois, J, et al. “A comparison of the effects of three GM corn varieties on mammalian health.” Int J Biol Sci 2009; 5(7):706–726.

  Chapter 3

  “About heart failure.” Heart.org. Last modified August 20, 2012. www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartFailure/AboutHeartFailure/About-Heart-Failure_UCM_002044_Article.jsp.

  “Anatomy of the heart.” Texasheartinstitute.org. Last modified August 2012. www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Anatomy/anatomy2.cfm.

  Iseri, LT, et al. “Magnesium: nature’s physiologic calcium blocker.” Am Heart J 1984; 108(1): 188–193.

  “What is an arrhythmia?” NHBLI.NIH.gov. Last modified July 1, 2011. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/arr/

  “What is the heart? NHBLI.NIH.gov. Last modified November 17, 2011. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hhw/.

  “Your heart and blood vessels.” My.ClevelandClinic.org. Last modified 2013. http://my.clevelandclinic.org/heart/heartworks/heartfacts.aspx.

  Chapter 4

  Altura, BM, et al. “Cardiovascular risk factors and magnesium: relationships to artherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease and hypertension.” Magnes Trace Elem 1991–92; 10(2–4):182–192.

  —. “Short term Mg deficiency results in decreased levels of serum sphingomyelin, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis in cardiovascular tissues.” Am J Phys Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 297(1): H86–92.

  Baigent, C, et al. “Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet. 2005;366:1267–1278.

  Cohen, Jay S. The Magnesium Solution for High Blood Pressure. Garden City Park, NY: Square One Publishers, 2004.

  Del Gobbo, L, et al. ”Circulating and dietary magnesium and risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.” Amer J Clin Nutr 2013; 98(1):160–173.

  Durlach, J. “Clinical aspects of chronic magnesium deficiency.” In Magnesium in Health and Disease, edited by Mildred Seelig, 883–909. New York, Spectrum Publications, 1980.

  Durlach, J, et al. “Magnesium and therapeutics.” Magnes Res 1994; 7(3/4): 313–28.

  Falk, E, et al. “Coronary Plaque Disruption.” Circulation 1995; 92(3): 657–671.

  Fuster, V, ed. The Vulnerable Artherosclerotic Plaque: Understanding, Identification and Modification. Austin, TX: Futura Publishing, 1998.

  Haga, H. “Effects of dietary magnesium supplementation on diurnal variations of blood pressure and plasma sodium, potassium-ATPase activity in essential hypertension.” Japan Heart Journal 1992;33(6):785–800.

  Joosten, MM et al. “Urinary magnesium excretion and risk of hypertension: the prevention of renal and vascular end-stage disease study.” Hypertension 2013;61(6):1161–7.

  —. “Urinary and plasma magnesium and risk of ischemic heart disease.” Amer J of Clin Nutr 2013; 97(6):1299–306.

  Karppanen, H, et al. “Minerals, coronary heart disease and sudden coronary death.” Advances in Cardiology 1978; 25:9–24.

  Liao, F, et al. “Is low magnesium concentration a risk factor for coronary heart disease? The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.” American heart journal 1998; 136(3):480–490.

  Libby, P. “Atherosclerosis: The New View.” Sci Am 2002; 286(5):47–58.

  Libby, P, et al. “Inflammation and atherosclerosis.” Circulation 2002; 105(9) 1135–1143.

  Maier, JAM. “Endothelial cells and magnesium: implications in atherosclerosis.” Clinical Science 2012; 122(9):397–407.

  Malpuech-Brugère, C, et al. “Exacerbated immune stress response during experimental magnesium deficiency results from abnormal cell calcium homeostasis.” Life Sciences 1998; 63(20):1815–1822.

  Mann, George V, ed. Coronary Heart Disease: The Dietary Sense and Nonsense. New York: Veritas Society, 1993.

  Naghavi, M, et al. “From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: part 1.” Circulation 2003; 108(14): 1664–1672.

  Peacock, JM, et al. “Serum magnesium and risk of sudden cardiac death in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.” Amer Heart J 2010;160(3):464–470.

  Ray, KK, et al. “Statins and all-cause mortality in high-risk primary prevention: a meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials involving 65,299 participants.” Arch Intern Med 2010;170(12):1024–31.

 
; Resnick, LM. “Magnesium in the pathophysiology and treatment of hypertension & diabetes mellitus: where are we in 1997? Am J of Hypertension 1997;10(3):368–370.

  Rosanoff, A. “Rising Ca:Mg intake ratio from food in USA Adults: a concern.” Magnes Res 2010; 23(4): 181–193.

  Rude, RK, et al. “Skeletal and hormonal effects of magnesium deficiency.” J Amer Coll of Nutr 2009; 28(2):131–141.

  Seelig, Mildred S. Magnesium Deficiency in the Pathogenesis of Disease. New York: Plenum Publishing, 1980.

  Seelig, Mildred, and Andrea Rosanoff. The Magnesium Factor. New York: Avery, 2003.

  Selye, H. Calciphylaxis. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 1962.

  —. “The chemical prevention of cardiac necrosis.” Amer J of Medical Sciences. Jul 1959; 238(1):130.

  Stary, H, et al. “A definition of advanced types of atherosclerotic lesions and a histological classification of atherosclerosis.” Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 1995; 15(9):1512–1531.

  Thavendiranathan, P, et al. “Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with statin therapy.” Arch Intern Med 2006;166(21):2307–13.

  Weglicki, WB. “Hypomagnesemia and inflammation: clinical and basic aspects.” Annu Rev Nutr 2012;32:55–71.

  Weglicki, et al. “Pathobiology of magnesium deficiency: a cytokine/neurogenic inflammation hypothesis.” AJP—Regu Physiol 1992; 263(3):R734–R737.

  Weglicki, WB, et al. “The role of magnesium deficiency in cardiovascular and intestinal inflammation.” Magnes Res 2010; 23(4):S199–S206.

  Wolf, FI, et al. “Magnesium deficiency and endothelial dysfunction: is oxidative stress involved?” Magnes Res 2008; 21(1): 58–64.

  Chapter 5

  Abraham, GE, et al. “Serum and red cell magnesium levels in patients with premenstrual tension.” Am J Clin Nutr. 1981; 34(11):2364–2366.

  Bagis, S, et al. “Is magnesium citrate treatment effective on pain, clinical parameters, and functional status in patients with fibromyalgia?” Rheumatol Int. 2013; 33(1):167–172.

  Bendich, A. “The potential for dietary supplements to reduce premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms.” J Am Coll Nutr 2000; 19(1):3–12.

  Blitz, M, et al. “Aerosolized magnesium sulfate for acute asthma.” Chest 2005; 128(1):337–344.

  Cox, IM, et al. “Red blood cell magnesium and chronic fatigue syndrome.” Lancet 1991;337(8744):757–60.

  Deans, Emily. “Magnesium and the brain: the original chill pill.” Psychology-Today.com. http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/evolutionary-psychiatry/201106/magnesium-and-the-brain-the-original-chill-pill.

  Eby, GA, et al. “Hypothesis for magnesium depletion, calcium and glutamate overload as cause of most major depression and related mental health issues: a review of the neurobiochemistry, animal and human evidence with a suggested treatment protocol.” George-eby-research.com. Last modified December 2008. george-eby-research.com/html/depression-treatment-dec-2008.doc.

  —. “Magnesium for treatment-resistant depression: a review and hypothesis.” Med Hypotheses 2010; 74(4):649–660.

  —. “Rapid recovery from major depression using magnesium treatment.” Med Hypotheses 2006;67(2):362–370.

  Elisaf, M, et al. “Hypomagnesemic hypokalemia and hypocalcemia: clinical and laboratory characteristics.” Mineral Electrolyte Metab 1997;23(2):105–112.

  Facchinetti, F, et al. “Oral magnesium successfully relieves premenstrual mood changes.” Obstet Gynocol 1991;78(2):177–181.

  Guerrero-Romero, F and M Rodriguez-Moran. “Low serum magnesium levels in metabolic syndrome.” Acta Diabetologica 2002; 39(4):209–213.

  Guerrera, MP, et al. “Therapeutic uses of magnesium.” Am Fam Physician 2009;80(2):157–62.

  Gilliland, FD, et al. “Dietary magnesium, potassium, sodium, and children’s lung function.” Amer J Epidemiol 2002;155(2):125–131.

  Gontijo-Amaral, C, et al. “Oral magnesium supplementation in asthmatic children: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial.” Eur J Clin Nutr 2007;61(1):54–60.

  Hashimoto, Y, et al. “Assessment of magnesium status in patients with bronchial asthma.” J Asthma 2000;37(6):489–496.

  He, K, et al. “Magnesium intake and incidence of metabolic syndrome among young adults.” Circulation 2006;113(13):1675–1682.

  Huerta, MG, et al. “Magnesium deficiency is associated with insulin resistance in obese children.” Diabetes Care. 2005; 28(5):1175–1181.

  Johanson, JF. “Review of the treatment options for chronic constipation.” Med-GenMed. 2007; 9(2):25.

  Johansson, G, et al. “Effects of magnesium hydroxide in renal stone disease.” J Am Coll Nutr. 1982;1(2):179–185.

  Kazaks, AG, et al. “Effect of oral magnesium supplementation on measures of airway resistance and subjective assessment of asthma control and quality of life in men and women with mild to moderate asthma: a randomized placebo controlled trial.” J Asthma 2010; 47(1):83–92.

  Ladefoged, K, et al. “Nutrition in short-bowel syndrome.” Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 1996;216:122–131.

  Lopez-Ridaura, R, et al. “Magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in men and women.” Diabetes Care 2004; 27(1):134–140.

  Mauskop, Alexander and Barry Fox. What Your Doctor May Not Tell You About Migraines. New York: Warner Books, 2001.

  Mozumdar, A, and G Liquori. “Persistent increase of prevalence of metabolic syndrome among us adults: NHANES III to NHANES 1999–2006.” Diabetes Care. 2011; 34(1):216–219.

  Nadler, JL, et al. “Magnesium deficiency produces insulin resistance and increased thromboxane synthesis.” Hypertension 1993;21(6 pt 2):1024–1029.

  Nielsen FH. “Magnesium, inflammation, and obesity in chronic disease.” Nutr Rev 2010; 68(6):333–340.

  Nielsen, FH, et al. “Magnesium supplementation improves indicators of low magnesium status and inflammatory stress in adults older than 51 years with poor quality sleep.” Magnes Res 2010; 23(4):158–168.

  Paolisso, G, et al. “Magnesium and glucose homeostasis.” Diabetologia 1990; 33(9):511–514.

  Park, JH, et al. “Use of P-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy to detect metabolic abnormalities in muscles of patients with fibromyalgia.” Arthritis Rheum 1998; 41(3):406–413.

  Prien, EL, and SN Gershoff. “Magnesium oxide-pyridoxine therapy for recurrent calcium oxalate calculi.” J Urol 1974; 112(4):509–512.

  Rayssiguier, Y et al. “Magnesium deficiency and metabolic syndrome: stress and inflammation may reflect calcium activation.” Magnes Res 2010;23 (2):73–80.

  Rodríguez-Morán, M, and F Guerrero-Romero. “Oral magnesium supplementation improves insulin sensitivity and metabolic control in type 2 diabetic subjects: a randomized double-blind controlled trial.” Diabetes Care 2003; 26(4):1147–1152.

  Rude, Robert K. and Maurice E. Shils. “Magnesium.” In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, edited by Shils, Moshe Shike, A. Catharine Ross, Benjamin Caballero, Robert J. Cousins, 223–247. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006.

  Ryder, KM, et al. “Magnesium intake from food and supplements is associated with bone mineral density in healthy older white subjects.” J Am Geriatr Soc 200; 53(11):1875–1880.

  Tucker, KL, et al. “Potassium, magnesium, and fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with greater bone mineral density in elderly men and women.” Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 69(4):727–736.

  Walker, AF, et al. “Magnesium supplementation alleviates premenstrual symptoms of fluid retention.” J Womens Health 1998;7(9):1157–1165.

  White, JR, and RK Campbell. “Magnesium and diabetes: a review.” Ann Pharmacother 1993; 27(6):775–780.

  Wright, Jonathan V. and Alan R. Gaby. Natural Medicine, Optimal Wellness. Garden City Park, NY: Square One Publishers, 2006.

  Chapter 6

  Krebs-Smith. SM. “Americans do not meet federal dietary recommendations.” J of Nutr. 2010; 140(10):1832–1838.

  “Magnesium: Health Professional Fact Sheet.” NIH.gov. Last modified July 13, 2009. http:/
/ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/.

  Seelig, MS. “The requirement of magnesium by the normal adult.” Amer J of Clin Nutr 1964; 14(6): 342–390.

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  About the Author

  Dr. Dennis Goodman, MD, FACC, graduated cum laude from the University of Cape Town Medical School in Cape Town, South Africa. Dr. Goodman completed his internal medicine residency and was Chief Medical Resident at Montefiore Hospital in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; his cardiology fellowship was undertaken at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas. Dr. Goodman is board certified in internal medicine, cardiology, interventional cardiology, critical care, clinical lipidology, integrative medicine, and cardiac CT imaging. In 1988, Dr. Goodman joined Scripps Memorial Hospital in La Jolla, California, where he served as Chief of Cardiology and Medical Director of Cardiac Rehabilitation.

  Dr. Goodman is currently a Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine at New York University and the Director of Integrative Medicine at New York Medical Associates in Manhattan. His areas of special interest include women’s health and the prevention, early detection, and treatment of cardiovascular disease. An international speaker, Dr. Goodman has been a visiting professor throughout Europe, Asia, and South Africa. His articles have been published widely, and he has appeared on numerous television and radio programs.

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  Index

  ACE inhibitors

  Acute myocardial infarction. See Heart attack.

  Adenosine triphosphate. See ATP.

  AED. See Automatic external defibrillator.

  Altura, Burton and Bella

  Angina pectoris

  Angioplasty

  Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. See ACE inhibitors.

  Angiotensin receptor blockers. See ARBs.

  ANP. See Atrial natriuretic peptide.

  Antibiotics, interaction of magnesium with

  ARBs

  Arrhythmia

  Aspirin

  Asthma, benefits of magnesium for

 

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