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complex conditions, 78

  varying phrase, 175

  END-IF vs. period, 82

  WRITE statement, 143

  relation conditions, 74

  reading and writing to employee file, 145

  sign conditions, 78

  WRITE..FROM, 143

  implied subjects, 80

  writing record and reading file, 143–144

  nested IF statements, 81

  writing records to file end, 144–145

  practical exercises, 102

  Sequential file organization

  Sequential file(s), 138, 157, 205

  advantages, 466

  CLOSE statement, 139

  disadvantages, 466

  control-break processing, 206

  SET verb, 304

  detection, 208

  Sign conditions, 78

  program writing, 208

  Software System creation, 399

  specifications required, 207

  CALL verb

  template, 209

  CANCEL verb, 406

  three-level control break ( see Control break

  external subprogram, 408, 414

  processing)

  getting state information, 420

  typical control break ( see Control break

  IS COMMON PROGRAM Clause, 407

  processing)

  IS EXTERNAL Clause ( see IS EXTERNAL Clause)

  data organization, 205

  IS EXTERNAL Data Items ( see IS EXTERNAL

  file organization vs. method of access, 205

  Data Items)

  file update program, 232

  IS GLOBAL Clause, 407

  program implementation, 232

  IS INITIAL Phrase, 404

  test data file, 236

  knowledge game, 417

  method of access, 205

  metalanguage, 400

  multiple record types, 157

  parameter passing and data visibility, 409

  implications, 157

  parameter-passing mechanisms, 401

  problem specifications, 157

  subprograms ( see Subprograms)

  record buffer, 159

  uses, 400

  type code ( see Type code)

  using COMMON Subprogram, 412

  OPEN statement, 139

  COPY verb

  ordered and unordered files, 206

  copy library, 425

  practical exercises, 149, 152

  COPY Statement, 426

  printer files, 166

  COPY Statements with REPLACEMENT

  multiple record types, problems, 168

  Text, 427

  multiple record types, solutions, 168

  data resource, 425

  554

  ■ index

  library statement, 424

  LINKAGE SECTION, 403

  metalanguage, 425

  literal value, 402

  REPLACING phrase, 426

  Subroutines

  subprograms, 399–400

  closed subroutines, 112

  Solace solar, 477

  COBOL subroutines, 112

  first page, 478–479

  open subroutines, 110, 112

  PROCEDURE DIVISION, 480

  specification, 478

  � T

  �

  �

  tasks, 479

  String concatenation, 370

  Tables

  definition, 371

  ANS 85, 270

  STRING verb

  DriverTable, 270

  DELIMITED BY SIZE clause, 372

  group name, 270

  JUSTIFIED clause, 372

  INITIALIZE verb, 271

  metalanguage, 371

  metalanguage, 270

  ON OVERFLOW clause, 371

  REDEFINES clause, 270

  Pointer#i, 372

  StateDrivers, 270

  reference modification, 380

  VALUE clause, 270

  rules, 371

  vs. arrays, 247

  statement, 372, 393, 396

  average sales, 253

  WITH POINTER phrase, 372

  candy sales, 250, 252–253

  String manipulation, 361

  control-break problem, 250

  String splitting

  data program, 255

  COUNT IN clause, 373

  declaration, 248

  definition, 373

  OCCURS clause rules, 248

  program, 379

  subscript rules, 249

  TALLYING clause, 373

  definition, 247

  UNSTRING verb

  diagrammatic representation, 251

  ALL phrase, 375

  differences, 248

  COUNT IN clause, 375–376

  display statements, 250

  DELIMITED BY clause, 374–375

  EVALUATE statement, 250

  DELIMITER IN phrase, 375, 378–379

  granularity levels, 253

  END-UNSTRING, 374

  multidimensional, 256

  metalanguage, 374

  definition, 256

  ON OVERFLOW clause, 375, 377

  depiction, 260

  reference modification, 380

  granular data, 256

  statement, 374

  hierarchical structure, COBOL, 257

  TALLYING clause, 375

  program, 257

  WITH POINTER clause, 375

  record description, 256

  STRING verb

  three dimensional ( see Three dimensional)

  DELIMITED BY SIZE clause, 372

  prefilled table

  JUSTIFIED clause, 372

  creation, 263

  metalanguage, 371

  Electronics2Go sales file, 265

  ON OVERFLOW clause, 371

  program, 264, 266–269

  Pointer#i, 372

  REDEFINES clause, 263

  reference modification, 381

  two-dimensional, 264

  rules, 371

  procedure, 250

  statement, 372, 393, 396

  program, 254

  WITH POINTER phrase, 372

  sales-report program, 253

  Strongly typed languages, 38

  StateSalesTable, 251

  Subprograms

  StateSalesTotal, 251

  contained subprograms, 403

  Three dimensional

  vs.external subprograms, 404

  AgeCategory, 261

  EXIT PROGRAM, 403

  CensusFile, 261

  555

  ■ index

  Three dimensional ( cont. )

  numeric data, 286

  population totals, 261

  PACKED-DECIMAL, 290

  structure, 262

  SYNCHRONIZED clause, 291

  Transaction file (TF), 219

  USAGE IS COMP, 411

  Truth tables, 79

  Type code, 159

  � V

  �

  �

  graph representation, 160

  program implementation, 160

  Variable-length tables, 319

  record descriptions, 160

  declaration, 319

  specification required, 164

  OCCURS clause, 319

  SEARCH ALL verb, 320

  � U

  �

  �

  � W

  � , X, Y

  �

  UNSTRING verb

  ALL phrase, 375

  WHEN branch rules, 97

  COUNT IN clause, 375–376

  WRITE statement, 169

  DELIMITED BY clause, 374–375

  ADVANCING clause, 170

  DELIMITER IN phrase, 375, 378

  metalanguage, 170

  END-UNSTRING, 374

  PAGE option, 170

  metalanguage, 374

  program implementation, 171

  ON OVERFLOW clause, 375, 377

  reading
and writing to employee file, 145

  reference modification, 380

  Report Writer, 173

  statement, 374

  WRITE..FROM, 143

  TALLYING clause, 375

  writing record and reading file, 143–144

  WITH POINTER clause, 375

  writing records to file end, 144–145

  USAGE clause, 286

  advantages, 288

  � Z

  �

  �

  COMP, 290

  considerations, 289

  Zodiac signs compatibility

  disadvantages, 286

  cusp problem, 429

  extensions, 292

  information file, 429

  memory storage, 288

  processing, 430

  metalanguage syntax, 288

  zodiac table, 429

  556

  Beginning COBOL for

  Programmers

  Michael Coughlan

  Beginning COBOL for Programmers

  Copyright © 2014 by Michael Coughlan

  This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.

  Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law.

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  To my students in grateful thanks for everything you taught me.

  Contents

  About the Author ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� xxi

  About the Technical Reviewer ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� xxiii

  Acknowledgments ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ xxv

  Preface ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� xxvii

  Chapter 1: Intr

  ■

  oduction to COBOL ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1

  What Is COBOL? �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1

  COBOL’s Target Application Domain ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1

  COBOL’s Fitness for Its Application Domain ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2

  History of COBOL ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3


  Beginnings ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3

  COBOL Standards �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4

  The Argument for COBOL (Why COBOL?) ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5

  Dominance of COBOL in Enterprise Computing ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5

  Danger, Difficulty, and Expense of Replacing Legacy COBOL Applications ������������������������������������������������������������ 5

  Shortage of COBOL Programmers: Crisis and Opportunity ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 7

  COBOL: The Hidden Asset �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 8

  Advantages of Bespoke Software �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9

 

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