27Murphy, What Stalin Knew, p. 88.
28Whymant, Stalin’s Spy, p. 178.
29Harich-Schneider, Charaktere und Katastrophen, p. 263.
30Lloyd Clark, Kursk: The Greatest Battle: Eastern Front 1943, London, 2012, p. 70.
31Braithwaite, Moscow 1941, p. 74.
32Christer Bergstrom, Barbarossa the Air Battle, July–December 1941, Hersham, 2007, p. 21.
33Robert Kirchubel, Operation Barbarossa 1941: Army Group Centre, Oxford, 2007, p. 34.
34David Glantz, Operation Barbarossa: Hitler’s invasion of Russia 1941, The History Press, 2012, p. 33.
35Harich-Schneider, Charaktere und Katastrophen, p. 91.
36Wickert, Mut und Übermut, p. 69.
37Wickert, Mut und Übermut, p. 69.
38Der Spiegel, 5 September 1951, p. 24.
39Kordt, Nicht aus den Akten, p. 429.
40Fesyun, Documents, No. 156, Telegrams Nos 6058/6897, Moscow to Tokyo, 23 June 1941.
CHAPTER 19
1Hanako Ishii, Ningen Zoruge, p. 145.
2Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 1, p. 284.
3Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 2, p. 229.
4Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 2, pp. 258, 187.
5Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 2, p. 280.
6Sorge Memoir, Pt 2, p. 24.
7Sorge Memoir, Pt 2, p. 24.
8Prange interview with Matsumoto, 8 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
9Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 2, p. 258.
10Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 2, p. 187.
11Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 2, p. 192.
12Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 1, p. 292; Vol. 2, p. 178.
13Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 3, pp. 6, 110.
14Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 3, p. 110.
15Whymant, Stalin’s Spy, p. 195.
16Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 3, p. 495.
17Hisaya Shirai, Kokusai supai Zoruge no sekai senso to kakumei/ Shirai Hisaya hencho, Tokyo, 2003, chapter 11.
18Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 2, p. 347.
19Sorge, when Ott reported this conversation, blithely contradicted the ambassador and said that in fact the Russians had far larger air forces than the Germans were aware of – without elaborating on how he might have known such sensitive information.
20Fesyun, Documents, No. 163, Decoded Telegrams Nos 12316, 12310, 12318, 12317 to the Chief of the Intelligence Directorate of the Red Army General Staff, Tokyo, 10 July 1941.
21Fesyun, Documents, No. 163, Decoded Telegrams Nos 12316, 12310, 12318.
22Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 2, p. 275.
23Fesyun, Documents, No. 163, Decoded Telegrams Nos 12316, 12310, 12318, 12317.
24Fesyun, Documents, No. 163, Decoded Telegrams Nos 12316, 12310, 12318, 12317.
25Fesyun, Documents, No. 161, Decoded Telegram Вх., Nos 11583, 11575, 11578, 11581, 11574 to the Chief of the Intelligence Directorate of the Red Army General Staff Tokyo, 3 July 1941.
26Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 1, p. 274.
27Yury Rubtsov, ‘Command is my calling’ in Voyenno-promyshlenny Kuryer, 13 June 2005.
28Fesyun, Documents, No. 38, Report: 11 August 1941.
29Prange interview with Kawai, 14 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
30Whymant, Stalin’s Spy, p. 229.
31Whymant, Stalin’s Spy, p. 190, interview with Kawai.
32Whymant, Stalin’s Spy, p. 191.
33Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 2, p. 239.
34Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 1, p. 283.
35Whymant, Stalin’s Spy, p. 231.
36Whymant, Stalin’s Spy, p. 233.
37Fesyun, Documents, Decoded Telegram No. 15374, Tokyo, 12 August 1941.
38Fesyun, Documents, Decoded Telegram No. 15374.
39Fesyun, Documents, Decoded Telegram No. 15374.
40Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 2, p. 253.
41Whymant, Stalin’s Spy, p. 241.
42Whymant, Stalin’s Spy, p. 241.
43Harich-Schneider, Charaktere und Katastrophen, p. 155.
44Harich-Schneider, Charaktere und Katastrophen, p. 155.
45Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 3, p. 6.
46Prange interview with Aoyama/Harada, Target Tokyo.
47Prange interview with Aoyama/Harada, Target Tokyo.
48Hanako Ishii, Ningen Zoruge, p. 128.
49Hanako Ishii, Ningen Zoruge, p. 113. Interview with Hanako, 14 January 1965, Target Tokyo. In this interview, Hanako dated this incident as late July 1941, but in Ningen Zoruge she placed it in August.
50Hanako Ishii, Ningen Zoruge, pp. 113–14; Prange interview with Hanako, 14 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
51Prange interviews with Hanako, 11 and 14 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
52Prange interview with Hanako, 14 January 1965, Target Tokyo; Hanako Ishii, Ningen Zoruge, p. 128.
53Prange interview with Hanako, 14 January 1965, Target Tokyo; Hanako Ishii, Ningen Zoruge, p. 129.
54Prange interview with Hanako, 14 January 1965, Target Tokyo; Hanako Ishii, Ningen Zoruge, p. 131.
55Massing, This Deception, p. 75.
56Hanako Ishii, Ningen Zoruge, pp. 120–1.
57Prange interview with Hanako, 14 January 1965, Target Tokyo; Hanako Ishii, Ningen Zoruge, p. 128.
58Hanako Ishii, Ningen Zoruge, p. 148.
59Whymant, Stalin’s Spy, p. 255.
60Hanako Ishii, Ningen Zoruge, p. 145.
CHAPTER 20
1Prange interviews with Ogata, 20 January 1965, Yoshikawa, 14 January 1965, and Saito, 23 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
2Prange interview with Tamazawa, 21 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
3Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 2, pp. 182, 238.
4Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 2, pp. 182–3.
5Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 2, p. 183.
6Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 2, p. 239.
7‘Extracts’, Clausen testimony, p. 41.
8Fesyun, Documents, No. 175, Telegram No. 18054, Doc. 176, Telegram No. 180058.
9Fesyun, Documents, No. 177, Telegram No. 18063, Doc. 178, Telegram No. 18068.
10Fesyun, Documents, No. 177, Telegram No. 18063, Doc. 178, Telegram No. 18068.
11Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 2, p. 240.
12Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 2, pp. 184, 240.
13The Americans noted this redeployment with remarkable accuracy. On 27 November 1941, the US War Department G-2 advised in a memorandum for the chief of staff: ‘1. It has been reported on good authority, that between 18 and 24 Infantry Divisions and 8 Armored Brigades from the Russian Far Eastern Army have been identified on the Western front. If this is true, between 24 and 18 Divisions and 2 Armored Brigades remain in Eastern Siberia…’, FDR Papers, PSF Box 85.
14‘Study of Strategical and Tactical Peculiarities of Far Eastern Russia and Soviet Far East Forces’, Japanese Special Studies on Manchuria, Vol. XII, Tokyo, 1955, pp. 64–6.
15Article II in Kinjiro Nakamura, Entire Picture, p. 25; Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 1, p. 473. Sorge always maintained that he spied to keep the peace and that the Soviet Union would never attack Japan. He barely admitted that Russia might defend itself if Japan attacked (Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 1, p. 480). This message, with its emphasis upon potential bombing targets, makes Sorge’s pose somewhat shaky.
16Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 1, p. 276.
17Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 3, pp. 213–14, 226, 297, 300; Vol. 1, p. 445.
18Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 3, pp. 185, 230. Edith joined her sister and brother-in-law, Mr and Ms G. Pederson, in a suburb of Perth. Letter, D. R. Anderson to Prange, 26 September 1967, Prange p.829.
19Guerin and Chatel, Camarade Sorge, p. 268.
20Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 3, pp. 66–7.
21Tosh
ito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 1, p. 431.
22Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 3, pp. 66–7, p. 157.
23Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 3, pp. 66–7, p. 157.
24Prange interview with Yoshikawa, 14 January 1965, Target Tokyo; Article I, Kinjiro Nakamura, Entire Picture, pp. 21–2.
25Prange interview with Hanako, 11 January 1965, Target Tokyo; Hanako Ishii, Ningen Zoruge, pp. 146–7.
26Prange interview with Hanako, 11 January 1965, Target Tokyo; Hanako Ishii, Ningen Zoruge, pp. 146–7.
27Prange interview with Hanako, 11 January 1965, Target Tokyo; Hanako Ishii, Ningen Zoruge, pp. 146–7.
28Der Spiegel, 5 September 1951, p. 24.
29Fesyun, Documents, No. 179, Decrypted Telegram Nos 10682, 19681.
30Prange interviews with Yoshikawa, 14 January 1965; Tamazawa, 21 June 1965; Kawai, 14 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
31Prange interview with Tamazawa, 21 January 1965, Target Tokyo; Hearings on the Un-American Aspects of the Richard Sorge Spy Case, US Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1951, p. 1135. At the trials, Yoshisaburo Kitabayashi was found innocent. Tomo received a five-year sentence and was released with time off for good behaviour (see ‘Sorge Spy Ring’, p. A716).
32Chief Noboru Takagi and two of his best detectives, Sakai Tamotsu and Tsuge Jimpei (Prange et al., Target Tokyo, p. 542).
33Prange interview with Sakai, 31 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
34Prange interview with Tamazawa, 21 January 1965, Target Tokyo; Hearings on the Un-American Aspects of the Richard Sorge Spy Case, US Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1951, p. 1136; Article 1, Kinjiro Nakamura, Entire Picture, p. 22.
35Prange interview with Sakai, 31 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
36Prange interview with Yoshikawa, 16 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
37Prange interview with Sakai, 31 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
38Prange interview with Sakai, 31 January 1965, Target Tokyo. Taiji Hasebe, who worked on Clausen’s case, told Prange in an interview of 19 January 1965 that Miyagi fractured a leg in his fall. But according to Yoshikawa, Miyagi injured his thigh (Prange interview of 14 January 1965). Sakai confirmed that the hospital found nothing wrong with Miyagi (Prange interview of 31 January 1965).
39Prange interview with Yoshikawa, 16 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
40Prange interview with Yoshikawa, 14 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
41Prange interviews with Yoshikawa, 14 and 16 January 1965, Target Tokyo; Hearings on the Un-American Aspects of the Richard Sorge Spy Case, US Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1951, p. 1136.
42Hirosbi Miyashita, Tokko no Koiso (‘Reminiscences of the Tokko’), Tokyo, 1978, p. 212; Article 1, Kinjiro Nakamura, Entire Picture, p. 24.
43Article 1, Kinjiro Nakamura, Entire Picture, p. 24.
44Prange interview with Yoshikawa, 14 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
45Prange interview with Matsumoto, 8 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
46Article 1, Kinjiro Nakamura, Entire Picture, p. 25.
47Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 1, pp. 465, 480; Vol. 3, p. 229.
48‘Extracts’, Clausen testimony, p. 41.
49Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 1, p. 479, Vol. 3, p. 229.
50Prange interview with Saito, 23 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
51Prange interview with chief of the American–European Division of the Tokko’s Foreign Section Suzuki Tomiki, 18 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
52Prange interviews with Yoshikawa, 14 and 16 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
53Article 1, Kinjiro Nakamura, Entire Picture, p. 25.
54Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 3, pp. 230, 227, 230.
55Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 3, pp. 230, 7, 104.
56Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 3, pp. 7, 230.
57Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 3, pp. 7, 230.
58Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, Vol. 3, pp. 7, 230.
59Prange interview with Saito, 23 January 1965; with Saito/Harada interview, Target Tokyo.
60Prange interviews with Yoshikawa, 14 January 1965, and Suzuki, 18 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
61Prange interview with Suzuki, 18 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
62Prange interviews with Vukelić prosecutor, Fuse Ken, 22 January 1965, and Suzuki, 18 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
63Testimony on this individual’s identity is conflicting. Suzuki claimed that it was Ms Ott and that the police held off because they anticipated enough trouble with the German embassy without involving the ambassador’s wife (see Prange et al., Target Tokyo, chapter 59, n. 28). Saito emphatically denied this (see Prange Saito/Harada interview, May 1965). On the basis of an article by Ohashi, Deakin identified the caller as Wilhelm Schulz of the DNB (Deakin and Storrey, Case of Richard Sorge, p. 254n). Yet Ohashi told Prange that the visitor was the embassy’s second secretary (interview with Ohashi, 21 January 1965, Target Tokyo). Yoshikawa only stated that someone was there; he did not know who (Prange interview with Yoshikawa, 14 January 1965, Target Tokyo; also Hearings on the Un-American Aspects of the Richard Sorge Spy Case, US Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1951, p. 1137).
64Prange interviews with Aoyama/Harada; Saito, 23 January 1965; Saito/Harada; Ohashi, 21 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
65Prange interviews with Ogata, 20 January 1965; Yoshikawa, 14 January 1965; Saito, 23 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
66Prange interview with Aoyama/Harada, Target Tokyo. Aoyama was never able to take up Sorge’s generous offer – he was drafted into the army, where he remained throughout Sorge’s trial and its grim aftermath.
67‘Extracts’, Clausen testimony, original p. 482.
68Prange interview with Suzuki, 18 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
69Prange interview with Hasebe, 19 January 1965, Target Tokyo; ‘Sorge Spy Ring’, p. A721.
70Prange interviews with Ogata, 20 January 1965 and Yoshikawa, 14 January 1965, Target Tokyo; ‘Extracts’, Clausen testimony, pp. 481–2.
71Prange interviews with Ogata, 20 January 1965; Hasebe, 19 January 1965; Yoshikawa, 16 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
72Johnson, Instance of Treason, pp. 183–6.
73Message, Ott to Berlin, 23 October 1941, German Foreign Ministry Archives. German Foreign Office Political Archive (PADAA – Politisches Archiv des Auswärtigen Amts), Berlin: State Security File, Japan (1941–44): file on Sorge Case, p. 578.
74Prange interviews with Yoshikawa, 16 January 1965, and Araki, 6 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
75Prange interview with Yoshikawa, 16 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
76Prange interviews with Hasebe, 19 January 1965, and Yoshikawa, 16 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
77Prange interview with Ohashi, 21 January 1965, Target Tokyo; ‘Extracts’, Clausen testimony, original p. 481.
78‘Sorge Spy Ring’, pp. A722–3.
79Prange interview with Ohashi, 21 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
80Prange interviews with Yoshikawa, 16 January 1965, Ohashi, 21 January 1965, and Tamazawa, 21 January 1965, Target Tokyo; Hearings on the Un-American Aspects of the Richard Sorge Spy Case, US Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1951, p. 1144; Article 1, Kinjiro Nakamura, Entire Picture, p. 26.
81Prange interviews with Yoshikawa, 16 January 1965, Ohashi, 21 January 1965, and Tamazawa, 21 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
82Prange interviews with Yoshikawa, 16 January 1965, Ohashi, 21 January 1965, and Tamazawa, 21 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
83Prange interviews with Yoshikawa, 16 January 1965, Ohashi, 21 January 1965, and Tamazawa, 21 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
84Prange interviews with Yoshikawa, 16 January 1965, Ohashi, 21 January 1965, and Tamazawa, 21 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
85Prange interviews with Yoshikawa, 16 January 1965, Ohashi, 21 January 1965, and Tamazawa, 21 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
CHAPTER 21
1Willoughby, Shanghai Conspiracy, Preface by General Douglas MacArthur, p. 7.
2Prange inter
view with Yoshikawa, 16 January 1965, Target Tokyo; Hearings on the Un-American Aspects of the Richard Sorge Spy Case, US Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1951, p. 1142.
3Prange interview with Yoshikawa, 16 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
4Prange interviews with Yoshikawa, 16 January 1965, and Ohashi, 21 January 1965, Target Tokyo. Kordt, who claimed to have been present, wrote that this interview lasted only three minutes (Nicht aus den Akten, p. 430), but Yoshikawa’s estimate of at least ten minutes seems more likely.
5Prange interviews with Yoshikawa, 16 January 1965, Ohashi, 21 January 1965, and Tamazawa, 21 January 1965, Target Tokyo
6Prange interviews with Yoshikawa, 16 January 1965, Ohashi, 21 January 1965, and Tamazawa, 21 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
7Prange interview with Yoshikawa, 16 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
8Der Spiegel, 19 September 1951, p. 24.
9Ott quoted in a newspaper interview in 1959, cited in Prange et al., Target Tokyo, p. 592.
10Prange interview with Yoshikawa, 16 January 1965, Target Tokyo.
11Sorge Memoir, Pt 2, pp. 23, 31.
12Prange interview with Ohashi, 21 January 1965, Target Tokyo; ‘Sorge Spy Ring’, p. A706.
13Hanako Ishii, Ningen Zoruge, p. 154. Interview with Hanako, 16 January 1965, Prange, Target Tokyo.
14Hanako Ishii, Ningen Zoruge, p. 154. Interview with Hanako, 16 January 1965, Prange, Target Tokyo.
15Whymant, Stalin’s Spy, p. 299.
16Fesyun, Documents, Nos 180, 21102.
17Fesyun, Documents, No. 181; RTsKhIDNI: f 495 op 73 d 188, list 7.
18Gudz interview, ORT, 1999.
19Comrade Sorge: Documents and Memoirs, p. 16.
20Interview which Ms Harada conducted on behalf of Prange with Seiichi Ichijima, February 1965, Target Tokyo.
21Johnson, Instance of Treason, pp. 2, 36.
22‘Sorge Spy Ring’, pp. A717, 721.
23Toshito (ed.), Gendai-shi Shiryo, p. 135.
24Schellenberg, Memoirs, p. 162.
25Schellenberg, Memoirs, pp. 163–4.
26Schellenberg, Memoirs, pp. 163–4.
27Schellenberg, Memoirs, pp. 164–5.
28‘Extracts’, Pt XIV, Effect of Public Announcement of Case.
An Impeccable Spy Page 49