41, 325, 408; baião, 22 – 23, 63, 168,
Campana grande, 78
360 – 61, 447; bandolím, 31 – 32;
Campelo, Celly, 340
batacada, 36 – 37, 63; bossa nova, 55 – 59,
Campines, Nina, 276
61 – 62, 169, 269; chocalho, 37, 92 – 93,
Campos, Juan Morel, 315
356; cuíca, 37, 128 – 29; dupla caipaira,
Canary Islands, 409
152 – 53; forró, 63, 168 – 70, 359, 361,
Canción mexicana, 43
413 – 14, 447; funk in, 65; hip-hop in,
Canción ranchera. See Ranchera
65; instrumental music, 62; lambada, 63,
Canción romántica, 70 – 73 , 255, 327
223; latin jazz and, 225; lundu, 93 – 94,
Canclini, Garcia, 132
466 | Index
Candomblé, 16, 40, 62, 337, 408
Cavaco, 76 – 77
Cantabiles, 71
Cavaquinho, 31, 76 – 77 , 356, 358
Cantinas, 29
Cavaquinho, Nelson, 270
Canto nuevo, 285
Cavatinas, 71, 136
Canto popular uruguayo, 434
Cencerro, 53, 77 – 78 , 405 – 6
Capital Inicial, 341
Censorship, 130, 417
Capleton, 330
Cepeda, William, 305
Capo, 46
Cervantes, Ignacio, 189, 424 – 25
Capoeira, 62, 172, 295, 429
Chacalón, 89
Caporal, 48, 360
Chacarera, 7, 52, 78 – 79 , 328, 449
Carabinier, 250
Cha cha chá, 45, 78, 79 – 80
“Carazo Rosa” (Cherry Pink and Apple
Chamamé, 7
Blossom), 233
Chamorro, Arturo, 366
Cardenas, Guty, 44
Chamorro, Violeta Barrios Torres de, 280
Cardozo, Félix Pérez, 297
Champola, 264
Caribbean music, 7, 41, 116, 137, 277. See
Chando, 331
also Calypso; Reggae music
Chang, Ángel, 267
Carioca, 36, 65
Changüí, 53, 54, 80 – 82 , 242, 388, 412
Carlos, Erasmo, 340
Changuito, José Luis Quintana, 391
Carlos, Roberto, 340
Chapmeta, 104
Carnival/Carnaval, 15 – 16, 36, 60 – 61, 63,
Chapottín, Felix, 264
73 – 76 , 421; Catholic church and, 73 – 74;
Charanga, 2, 79, 82 – 84 , 144, 289, 373; bell,
congas and, 106; frevo and, 172; Grande
78; flute and, 164; francesca, 141;
Sociedades, 74; in Martinique and
orquesta típica and, 82
Gaudeloupe, 243; méringue, 250 – 51;
Charango, 47, 84 – 86 , 185
mizik rasin, 192, 261 – 62; Olodum, 39,
Charlemagne, Manno, 310, 314
40, 41, 336; race relations and, 325; in
Charleo, 240
Rio de Janeiro, 74, 76; soca, 68, 293,
Charles, Frantz Denis “Francisco,” 277
351, 369 – 71; Trinidad, 68; Zé Pereiras,
Charles, Ray, 217
74 – 75. See also Bloco afro
Chase, Charlie, 318
Carranza, Venustiano, 311
Chasquido, 328
Cartagena, 104
Chavez, Carlos, 165 – 66
Cartijo, Rafael, 314
Chávez, Lino, 338, 386
Cartola, 269 – 70
Chazarreta, Andrés, 7
Caruso, Enrico, 175
Chébere, 118
Carvalho, Beth, 358
Chega de Sudade , 58
Casa de las Américas, 287
Chezina, Don, 332
Cascara, 416
Chicano rock, 86 – 88 , 432
Casino conjunto, 108, 373
Chicha, 88 – 89 , 202, 302
Castas, 377 – 78
Chicho man, 331
Castillo, Anibal, 440
Chico Science & Nação, 271
Castillo, La Joya del, 303
Chile, 26, 85, 90 – 92 , 202; Cueca, 127 – 28;
Castilo, Nicandro, 382
music genres of, 90; nueva canción in,
Castle, Irene, 428
283, 311 – 13; race relations in, 324;
Castle, Vernon, 428
racial demographic of, 90; rock music
Castro, Fidel, 124, 125, 287, 374, 429
in, 92
Catholic Church, 73 – 74, 204, 334, 335, 336
Chilean New Wave. See Nueva Ola Chilena
Index | 467
Chilena. See Cueca
Comparsa. See Conga
Chillador, 85
Concepción, Cesar, 304
Chirimía, 103
Concertina, 395
Chocalho, 37, 92 – 93 , 356
Conciertos de Música Típica Cubana, 2
“Chorando se foi,” 223
Conde, Perucho, 194
Choro carioco, 163
Con el Diablo en el Cuerpo , 126
Choros, 62, 77, 93 – 96 , 295, 332 – 34 ; flutes
Conga, 105 – 6 , 275, 423
and, 163; revival, 445; samba and, 96; in
“Conga,” 106
urban music, 31 – 32
Conga Drum. See Tumbadoras
Chotis, 360
Conga line, 106
Christianity, 204
Conjunto, 24, 47 – 48, 107 , 281, 401 – 2
Christian music, 336
Conjunto cubano, 107 – 9
Christmas carols, 442
Conjunto de gaita, 102
Chuney soca, 370
Conjunto de vallenato, 437
Chuntunqui, 48
Conjunto sonero, 265 – 66, 373, 374
“Cielito Lindo,” 307
Conjuntos regionais (regional combos), 77,
Cinquillo, 38, 49, 97 , 191, 251, 413
296, 332
Civil rights movement, 40, 354, 429
“Con Poco Poco,” 146
Clark, John, 302
Conquette, Guy, 188
Clave, 38, 97 – 100 , 142; Abakuá, 98, 99; dan-
Contracanto de bombardino, 139
zón, 97; guajeo and, 179 – 80; joropo and,
Contradanse, 191, 360
220; latin jazz and, 224, 225; reversal
Contradanza, 43, 109 – 11 , 181, 290; Creole,
of, 99; rumba, 98, 99; salsa, 353 – 54;
135; danzón and, 140 – 42; habanera and,
tresillo, 412 – 13
110 – 11, 189; ostinato and, 110. See also
Claves (instrument), 100 – 101 , 348
Danza
Cliff, Jimmy, 330, 331
Contratiempo, 108
The Cockroach. See “La Cucaracha”
Control Machete, 345
Coelho, Paulo, 340
Controversias, 266
Cola-zouk, 453
“A Convict’s Diary.” See “Diário de um
Coleman, Ornette, 217
Detento”
Colombia, 1, 101 – 5 , 218; bambuco, 27 – 28,
Convite, 4 – 5
102; bandolas, 27, 30 – 31; culture of,
Cooder, Ry, 125, 375, 404 – 5
101; cumbia, 133 – 34; dances of, 101 – 2;
Copland, Aaron, 429
El Litoral Pacifico, 103; La Costa, 102,
Coplas, 78, 378
104; popular music of, 104 – 5; racial de-
Coppelia , 287
mographic of, 101; rock music in, 104;
Copyright, 6
salsa in, 104; vallenato, 102 – 3, 134, 167,
Cordão, 75
275, 437
Coro, 111 – 12
Colombiana, 258
Coronado, Florencio, 300
Colón, Willie, 35, 50, 292, 294, 374
<
br /> Corono, Manuel, 421
Coltrane, John, 217
Coros de clave, 348
Columbia Records, 153, 331
Corrêa, José Celso Martinez, 418
Combs, Sean “Diddy,” 332
Corridos, 71, 103, 112 – 14 , 144, 177, 279;
Comedia ranchera, 255, 327
mariachi and, 346; as protest songs,
“Come e Dorme,” 173
310 – 11; Tex-Mex and, 400; in US, 431
The Comets, 234
Cortés, Quirinao Mendoza y, 307
Commercialism, 129 – 32
Cortijo, Rafael, 49, 50 , 304
468 | Index
Cosquín Rock, 345
Cuban National Assembly, 285
Costa, César, 343
Cuban Rap Agency. See Agencia Cubana de
Costa, Yamandú, 444
Rap
Costa Rica, 115 – 16 ; Caribbean music and,
Cubop, 54, 124, 225. See also Latin jazz
116; European influence in, 116; filín
Cueca, 52, 127, 127 – 28 , 448
in, 162; marimba in, 115; racial demo-
Cugat, Xavier, 2, 373
graphic of, 115
Cuíca, 37, 128 – 29
Costeño, 104 – 5, 308 – 9
Cultural imperialism, 129 – 32
Cotorriao, 159
Cultural syncretism, 203 – 7
Courtship, 85
Culture: Afro-Cuban, 403 – 4; gender and,
Cowbell. See Cencerro
176; immigrant music, 209 – 12; native,
Creativity, 167
203 – 7; race relations, 323 – 26; rock
Creole music. See Musique Créole
music and, 207; son cubano and, 372
Criollo, 77 – 78
Cumbia, 7, 13, 28, 48, 133 – 34 , 211; in Ar-
Cruz, Celia, 353 , 374
gentina, 134; chicha, 88 – 89, 202, 302;
Cruzados, 227
in Mexico, 133, 257, 258; Peru, 134;
Cuadrilla, 116
techno, 89, 202, 302; tropical, 257
Cuarteta, 127, 372
Cumbia andina. See Chicha
Cuarteto, 7, 13, 117 – 18
Cununos, 241
Cuatro, 14, 69, 118 – 19 , 409, 440
Curralao, 156
Cuba, 2 – 3, 120 – 26 ; blackface theater in, 181;
Cururú, 152
cha cha chá, 45, 78, 79 – 80; changüí,
Cutumay Camones, 157
53, 54, 80 – 82 , 242, 388, 412; cinquillo,
Cyprus Hill, 432
38, 49, 97, 191, 251, 413; conjunto cu-
bano, 107 – 9; contradanza, 110 – 11;
DaCunha, Euclides, 272
culture of, 120 – 21; dances of, 29, 209;
Dancehall music, 330, 331
danzas of, 136; descarga, 145 – 47; dúo,
Dances: Apaché, 245; of Colombia, 101 – 2;
151 – 52; filín, 161 – 62; geography of,
conga line, 106; cuarteto, 7, 13, 117 – 18;
120, 121; indigenous population of, 121;
of Cuba, 29, 209; Guaguancó, 179, 349;
Mozambique, 266 – 68; music and cul-
guaracha, 108, 181 – 82, 303, 411; in
ture of, 122 – 23; nueva trova, 161, 178,
Guetemala, 182; huapango, 198; Jarabe,
283, 285, 286 – 88, 313; pachanga, 266,
213 – 14; joropo, 14, 103, 158, 218 – 20;
291 – 92; post-1959 musical innovation
lundu, 229; of Mexico, 29; Mozambique,
in, 124 – 25; punto, 98 – 99, 319; racial
266 – 68; murga, 434; pambiche, 292 – 93;
demographic of, 120 – 21; The Repub-
pie, 127; Quebradita dance style, 30,
lic, 123 – 24; revolution, 124, 178, 266,
209 – 10; seis, 145, 361 – 62; sexuality
429; Romantic art song in, 73; slavery
and, 366 – 68; tap dancing, 181; taqui-
in, 121, 122; songo, 374, 390 – 92; Spain
rari, 47, 398 – 99; umbigada, 229; vil-
and, 121, 122; sugar, labor, and indepen-
lancicos and, 443; zapateo, 449 – 50. See
dence in, 121 – 22; timba, 402 – 5; timbal,
also Contradanse; Contradanza; Mambo;
405 – 7; tonada, 409 – 10; tourism, 125;
Marimba
tresillo, 38, 97, 259, 412 – 13; trova tradi-
Danza antillana, 135 – 36
cional, 420; tumbao, 362 – 63, 424 – 25;
Danza cubana. See Habanera
in US, immigrants of, 430. See also
Danza de pañuelo, 448
Charanga; Clave; Habanera; Mambo;
Danza habanera, 141, 189
Orquesta típica; Son montuno
Danzas, 49, 135 – 40 , 315; in 20th century,
Cuba, Joe, 55, 318
138 – 39; Cuban, 136; as merengue in
Index | 469
Dominican Republic, 139 – 40; Puerto
Drums. See specific types
Rican, 136; San Juan and Ponce,
Drumsets, 407
136 – 37. See also Contradanza
Dúo, 151 – 52
Danzo de las botellas, 297
Duos, 272
Danzón, 43, 79, 140 – 43 , 290; clave, 97;
Dupla Caipira, 152 – 53
contradanza and, 140 – 42
Duplas, 273
Danzonette, 83, 143 – 44 , 290
Duprat, Rogério, 340
Davidson, Eduardo, 291
Duranguense, 210, 326
Dávila, Pedro Ortiz “Davilita,” 317
Duvaliers, 261
Davis, Miles, 217
Dylan, Bob, 313
Decca Records, 69
Décimas, 27, 81, 144 – 45 , 179, 199, 299
Ecuador, 155 – 56 , 409; pasillo and, 299; racial
Dekker, Desmond, 330
demographic of, 155; rock music and,
Delgado, Enrique, 88
156
“Dem Bow,” 331
Edmundo, Julio, 89
Dengue, 233
Eek-A-Mouse, 330
“Desafinado,” 58, 225
EGC. See El Gran Combo de Puerto Rico
Descarga, 145 – 47 , 371
Egipciaco, Antonio, 138
Desorden Publico, 439
“El Carbonero,” 157
DeVita, Franco, 439
El Chicano, 87, 226, 227
Dhantal, 369
El Club de Clan, 343
Dholak, 369
El danzon-cha, 80
Diana, 179
Electric guitar, 186, 272, 330
“Diário de um Detento” (A Convict’s Diary),
Electronica, 258 – 59
196
Electrotango (tango electrónico), 12, 397
Díaz, Aniceto, 143
“El entrerriano,” 10
d’Incamps, Olivier Lomotte, 223
El Gran Combo de Puerto Rico (EGC), 267,
Disco music, 183
314
Discos Fuentes, 133, 308
El Gran Silencio, 345
Disease, 204
Elis e Tom , 64
Divididos, 345
“El Jarabe Gatuno,” 213
Djembe, 408
“El Jarabe Tapatío,” 213 – 14
Doble sentido, 378
Ellington, Duke, 2, 216, 224
Doce lundu chorado, 229
El Litoral Pacifico, 103
Dois na Bossa , 64
“El Manicero,” 225
Dominica, 147 , 370
“El Necio,” 285
Dominican Republic, 4 – 6, 26, 148 – 50 , 303;
“El Pasajero,” 378
American occupation of, 293; bachata,
El Salvador, 156 – 58
19 – 22, 148, 149, 249; baquiné, 34 – 35;
>
“El Soldado de Levita,” 382
danzas as merengue in, 139 – 40. See also
El Último de la Fila, 344
Merengue
“El Viejo Tanguero,” 394
Donato, João, 57 – 58
El yumbeado, 10 – 11
D’Rivera, Paquito, 226
Enanitos Verdes, 344
Drug trafficking, 113 – 14
Engenheirios de Hawaii, 341
Drumming: African, 205 – 6; Afro-Cuban, 3,
Enredo, 75
38, 77 – 78; ritual, 248, 249. See also
Enrizo, 363
Clave
Entrudo, 74
470 | Index
Eroticism. See Sexuality
Flores, José Asunción, 297
Escalón, Rafel, 437
Flores, Pedro, 316
Escolas. See Samba
Flou, 298
Escolas de samba. See Samba
Flute, 10, 163 – 64 , 320
Escudero, Ralph, 316
Fole, 358
Espínola, Juan, 247
Folia de Reis, 153
Esquivel, Juan Garcia, 42
Folk, art, and popular music, 164 – 68
Estefan, Gloria, 46
Folkloric music, of Argentina, 7 – 9
Estero, Santiago del, 448
Formell, Juan, 83, 374, 390 – 91
Estilo, 434
Forró, 63, 168 – 70 , 359, 361, 413 – 14, 447
Estilo bravío, 327
The Fort Apache Band, 226
Estilo sentimental, 327
Foulah, 262
Estrada, Noel, 317
French Guiana, 170 – 71
“Estrellita,” 44, 73
Frevo, 63, 171 – 74 ; Carnival/Carnaval and,
Estribillo, 158 – 59 , 349
172; early history of, 171 – 72; nationaliz-
Estudiantina, 27, 31, 228, 299, 347
ing, 172 – 74; Rio de Janeiro and, 173
Euphonium, 138
Frevo de bloco. See Marcha de bloco
Europe, 130
Frómata, Billo, 439
Exotic Suite of the Americas , 233
“Fruto Proibido,” 341
Experyans, Boukman, 262
Fuentes, Ruben, 237
Fuentes, Sánchez de, 189
Faílde, Miguel, 141, 143
Fuga, 200
Falar, Deixa, 392, 394
The Fugees, 192
Fandango, 43, 229
Funk, 65
Fanfarras, 172
Fusion, 125; Afro-Dominican, 4 – 6, 148,
Fania All-Stars, 294, 354
149 – 50; jazz, 217; Latin jazz, 225 – 26
Fania Records, 55, 164, 234, 292, 352, 429 – 30
Favela, 65, 195, 357
Gabriel, Juan, 256
Faz, Robert, 108
Gagá, 150. See also Afro-Dominican Fusion
Fazenda, 94
Music
“Felices Días,” 138
Gaita, 439
Feliciano, Cheo, 318
Galán, Pacho, 308
Female rappers. See Raperas
Galindo, Blas, 238
Fender, Freddy, 86 – 87
Gallegos, 443
Fermatas, 71
Galopa, 297
Fernandez, Antonio “Ñico Saquito,” 319
Gangingo, 359
Encyclopedia of Latin American Popular Music Page 78