3. Ibid, pp. 12-13.
4. Ibid, p. 13.
5. Sanjay Joshi via email.
6. Marthal Nalini, ‘Gender Dynamics of Missionary Work in India and Its Impact on Women’s Education: Isabella Thoburn (1840-1901)—A Case Study’, Journal of International Women’s Studies, 7(4), 2006, pp. 266–9.
7. Ibid.
8. William F. Oldham, Isabella Thoburn (Chicago: Jennings & Pye, 1902), p. 32.
9. Afsheen Zubair, ‘Corruption within the Ranks Was There Even When Jinnah was Alive: Begum Ra’ana Liaquat Ali Khan’, Herald, October 1984, updated 14 July 2017, https://herald.dawn.com/authors/361/afsheen-zubair.
10. Kay Miles, The Dynamo in Silk: A Brief Biographical Sketch of Begum Ra’ana Liaquat Ali Khan (All Pakistan Women’s Association, 1974), p. 2.
11. Ziauddin Ahmad, Liaquat Ali Khan—Builder of Pakistan (Karachi: Royal Book Company, 1990), p. 311.
12. Saurabh Nagarkoti, Killing the Trapped Tiger of Almora (Almora: Almora Book Depot, 2014), p. 28.
13. Muneeza Shamsie, ‘She put Pakistan on the Map through Its Women—Begum Ra’ana Liaquat Ali Khan’, She, 1990, p. 62.
14. Mushtaq Gazdar, ‘The All Pakistan Woman’, Newsline, July 1990, p. 64.
15. Ziauddin Ahmad, Liaquat Ali Khan—Builder of Pakistan (Karachi: Royal Book Company, 1990), p. 312.
16. Ziauddin Ahmad, Liaquat Ali Khan—Builder of Pakistan (Karachi: Royal Book Company, 1990), p. 313.
17. https://www.gokhalememorialgirlsschool.org/infrastructure/.
18. Indraprastha College Archives.
19. Ibid.
20. Indraprastha College Archives.
21. Ziauddin Ahmad, Liaquat Ali Khan—Builder of Pakistan (Karachi: Royal Book Co., 1990), p. 314
22. Ibid, p. 314.
23. Mohammad Reza Kazimi, Liaquat Ali Khan: His Life and Work (US: Oxford University Press, 2003), p. 30.
24. Ibid.
25. Roger Long, Dear Mr Jinnah: Selected Correspondence and Speeches of Liaquat Ali Khan, 1937 -1947 (Pakistan: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 316.
26. Penderel Moon (ed.), Wavell: The Viceroy’s Journal (Pakistan: Oxford University Press, 1974), p. 38. Mohammad Reza Kazimi, Liaquat Ali Khan: His Life and Work (US: Oxford University Press, 2003), p. 28.
Chapter 6: An Untraditional Marriage
1. Ziauddin Ahmad, Liaquat Ali Khan—Builder of Pakistan (Karachi: Royal Book Co., 1990), p. 314.
2. Shazia Hasan, ‘Karachi: Begum Ra’ana Liaquat’s Biography Launched’, Dawn, 29 July 2007, https://www.dawn.com/news/258592.
3. Roger Long, Dear Mr Jinnah: Selected Correspondence and Speeches of Liaquat Ali Khan, 1937 -1947 (Pakistan: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 316.
4. Mushtaq Gazdar, ‘The All Pakistan Woman’, Newsline, July 1990, p. 64.
5. Ibid.
6. ‘A Tribute to Begum Ra’ana Liaquat Ali Khan’, All Pakistan Women’s Association Newsletter, 1991.
7. Roger Long, Dear Mr Jinnah: Selected Correspondence and Speeches of Liaquat Ali Khan, 1937 -1947 (Pakistan: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. xx.
8. Ziauddin Ahmad, Liaquat Ali Khan—Builder of Pakistan (Karachi: Royal Book Co., 1990), p. 30.
Chapter 7: The Long Road to Pakistan
1. Mohammad Reza Kazimi, Liaquat Ali Khan: His Life and Work (US: Oxford University Press, 2003).
2. Hector Bolitho, Jinnah, Creator of Pakistan (Pakistan: Oxford University Press, 2007), p. 152.
3. Kay Miles, The Dynamo in Silk: A Brief Biographical Sketch of Begum Ra’ana Liaquat Ali Khan (All Pakistan Women’s Association, 1974), p. 5.
4. Roger Long, Dear Mr Jinnah: Selected Correspondence and Speeches of Liaquat Ali Khan, 1937 -1947 (Pakistan: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 2.
5. Kay Miles, The Dynamo in Silk: A Brief Biographical Sketch of Begum Ra’ana Liaquat Ali Khan (All Pakistan Women’s Association, 1974), p. 6.
6. Akber Liaquat Ali Khan via email.
7. Muneeza Shamsie, ‘She Put Pakistan on the Map through Its Women—Begum Ra’ana Liaquat Ali Khan’, She, 1990, p. 62.
8. Dharam Vira, Memoirs of a Civil Servant (Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1975), p. 31.
9. Roger Long, Dear Mr Jinnah: Selected Correspondence and Speeches of Liaquat Ali Khan, 1937 -1947 (Pakistan: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 31-32.
10. Ibid, p. 34.
11. Ibid, p. 35.
12. Ibid, p. 45.
13. Ibid, p. 49.
14. Ibid, p. 106.
15. Kevin Myers, ‘Kevin Myers: Seventy Years on and the Soundtrack to the Summer of 1940 Is Filling Britain’s Airwaves’, Irish Independent, 6 August 2010.
16. ‘On the Railway Budget’, The Legislative Assembly Debates, Delhi, 1944, Vol. I, p. 633.
Chapter 8: Achieving the Goal
1. ‘A Tribute to Begum Ra’ana Liaquat Ali Khan’, All Pakistan Women’s Association Newsletter, 1991.
2. Ibid; Ashraf Ali Khan, ‘My Mother’, All Pakistan Women’s Association Newsletter.
3. Over email.
4. Jalal Salahuddin and Moni Mohsin, ‘Ra’ana Liaquat Remembered’, Friday Times, p. 15.
5. Dharma Vira, The Memoirs of a Civil Servant (Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1975), p. 31.
6. Kay Miles, The Dynamo in Silk: A Brief Biographical Sketch of Begum Ra’ana Liaquat Ali Khan (All Pakistan Women’s Association, 1974). p 7.
7. Roger Long, Dear Mr Jinnah: Selected Correspondence and Speeches of Liaquat Ali Khan, 1937–47 (Pakistan: Oxford University Press, 2005) p. 143.
8. Ibid, p. 313.
9. Alex Von Tunzelmann, Indian Summer, The Secret History of the End of an Empire (UK: Simon & Schuster, 2007), p. 154.
10. Ibid, p. 170.
11. Ibid, p. 238.
12. Z.H. Zaidi (ed.), Quaid-i-Azam Papers, Government of Pakistan, (Islamabad, 1999), p. 137.
Part Two: Madar-e-Pakistan
Chapter 1: August 1947: Arrival of the Liaquats in Pakistan and the Years of Turbulence and Struggle
1. Ziauddin Ahmad, Liaquat Ali Khan: Builder of Pakistan (Karachi: Royal Book Company, 1990), p. 28.
2. Muneeza Shamsie, ‘A Life Devoted to Human Welfare’, Dawn, 11 June 1982.
3. Jahan Ara Shahnawaz, Father and Daughter: A Political Autobiography (Lahore: Nigarishat, 1971), p. 228.
4. Ibid, p. 230.
5. Ibid, p. 314.
6. Ibid, p. 10.
7. ‘Begum Liaquat: Tribute’, Dawn, 15 June 1990.
8. Shireen Burki, The Politics of State Intervention: Gender Politics in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran (UK: Lexington Books, 2013).
9. Ibid.
10. Kay Miles, Dynamo in Silk (APWA: 1963), p. 16.
11. Jamsheed Marker, Cover Point: Impressions of Leadership In Pakistan (Pakistan: OUP, 2016), p. 23.
12. Ibid, p. 25.
13. Ibid, p. 27.
Chapter 2: October 1951: The Assassination of a Prime Minister
1. Adventist Review, Newsletter of the Adventist Hospital, Karachi, October 1951.
2. Ziauddin Ahmad, Liaquat Ali Khan: Builder of Pakistan (Karachi: Royal Book Company, 1990), pp. 74–5.
3. Ibid, p. 162.
4. Ibid, p. 37.
5. Hector Bolitho, Jinnah: Creator of Pakistan (Pakistan: OUP, 2007), p. 152.
6. Ibid, p. 105.
7. Hector Bolitho, Jinnah: Creator of Pakistan (Pakistan: OUP, 2007), p. 191.
8. M.R. Kazmi (ed.), M.A. Jinnah: Views and Reviews (Oxford University Press, 2005).
9. The letter has been attached as Annexure 1 to the present work. Annexure 2 contains the memorandum by Kay Miles who explains in considerable detail the reasons that compelled Liaquat Ali Khan to tender such a letter of resignation.
Chapter 3: Ra’ana Liaquat Ali Khan’s Professional Life: The Philanthropist
1. Mehr Nigar Masroor, Ra’ana Liaquat Ali Khan: A Biography (Karachi: APWA, 1980), p. 46.
2. Ibid, p. 48.
3. F.D. Douglas, Kay Miles, Ra’ana Liaquat Ali Khan: Biography and
Speeches (Karachi: APWA, 2007).
4. Only a few years prior to this, my paternal aunt in her desire to acquire college education had to move to Lahore from Peshawar due to the absence of a women’s degree college. My father, her younger brother, had to accompany her too and took up his college education in Lahore, in order to function as her guardian till she completed her graduation.
5. Slvyia A. Chibb and J. Green Justin, ‘The Modern Pakistani Woman in a Muslim Society’, Asian Women in Transition, Penn State University, 1980, p. 220.
Chapter 4: Diplomatic Career and Political Life: 1954–77
1. Sarat C.V. Narasimham, Liaquats in America (Karachi: Madina Press, July 1950).
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid, p. 39.
4. ‘Booklet on the First Birth Centenary of Begum Liaquat Ali Khan: 1905-2005’; Quaid-e-Millat Liaquat Ali Khan Memorial Committee, 2006.
5. See Appendix 3.
6. Ibid, p. 25.
7. Ibid, p. 25.
8. Jagat S. Mehta, Negotiating for India: Resolving Problems through Diplomacy (New Delhi: Manohar Publishers, 2006), p. 156.
9. Mohammad Ayub Khan, Friends, Not Masters (Oxford University Press, 1967), p. 233.
10. Ibid.
11. Afsheen Zubair, ‘Corruption within the Ranks Was There Even When Jinnah Was Alive: Begum Ra’ana Liaquat Ali Khan’, Pakistan Herald Publications, October 1984.
12. Ibid, p. 111.
13. F.D. Douglas (ed.), Challenge and Change: Speeches by Ra’ana Liaquat Ali Khan (Karachi: APWA, 1980), p. 203.
14. Ibid, pp. 219–20.
15. Ibid, p. 208.
16. Captain Farhat Ali Khan, Former Military Secretary to Governor of Sind, Memorial Publication for the First Centenary of Ra’ana Liaquat Ali Khan (APWA, January 2006).
17. Ziauddin Ahmad, Liaquat Ali Khan: Builder of Pakistan (Karachi: Royal Book Company, 1990), p. 317.
18. Mehr Nigar Masroor, Ra’ana Liaquat Ali Khan: A Biography (Karachi: APWA, 1980), p. 149.
19. F.D. Douglas (ed.), Challenge and Change: Speeches by Ra’ana Liaquat Ali Khan (Karachi: APWA, 1980), p. xiv.
Chapter 5: Begum Ra’ana’s Family Life and Her Last Years: 1978–90
1. Ra’ana Liaquat Ali Khan: A Biography (Karachi: APWA, 1980), p. 159.
2. Ibid, p. 140.
3. Ibid, p. 150.
4. Ra’ana Liaquat Ali Khan: Biography and Speeches (Karachi: APWA, 2007), pp. 395—6.
5. Ziauddin Ahmad, Liaquat Ali Khan: Builder of Pakistan (Karachi: Royal Book Company, 1990), p. 321.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid, p. 419.
8. The speech by Jitendra as well as the poem dedicated to her are attached as Annexure 4.
9. ‘A Tribute to Begum Ra’ana Liaquat Ali Khan’, APWA Newsletter, June 1990.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid, p. 160.
Bibliography for The Himalayan Dynamo
Books Cited
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Pande, Badridutt. Kumaon Ka Itihas. Almora: Almora Book Depot, 1990.
Nagarkoti, Saurabh. Killing the Trapped Tiger of Almora. Almora: Almora Book Depot.
Badley, Brenton T (ed.). Visions and Victories in Hindustan: A Story of the Mission Stations of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Southern Asia. Madras: Methodist Publishing House, 1931.
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Zaidi, Z.H. (ed.). Quaid-i-Azam Papers. Islamabad: Government of Pakistan, 1999.
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Books Consulted
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Reddy, Sheela, Mr. and Mrs. Jinnah. Gurgaon: Penguin Random House India, 2017.
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Douglas, F.D. (ed.). Challenges and Change: Speeches by Ra’ana Liaquat Ali Khan. APWA, 1981.
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Acknowledgements
Deepa Agarwal
Every book has its own journey and many people help it along the way. This biography of a remarkable woman, whose story somehow got lost in the clamour of the subcontinental debate, had its birth in a serendipitous conversation with Namita Gokhale at a literary festival in Kumaon—the region where Begum Liaquat Ali Khan aka Irene Pant was born. Namita not only came up with the idea, and fostered the fledgling book but also maintained the impetus that kept my co-author Tahmina Aziz Ayub and I going—with her nuanced suggestions and indefatigable search for fresh sources to bring depth and completeness to this portrait of the Begum. A million thanks, Namita for your infectious enthusiasm and the nuggets of information you shared!
The Begum Page 19