A World Without Police
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colonialism as form of, 166
community as antidote of, 155
community policing. See community policing
as dismal failure, 217
emergence of professional policing, 25
as functioning as linchpin of US capitalism, 44
imperial policing, 38
as inseparable from whiteness (white power), 23–4
militarization of, 31, 32–3, 34
proactive policing, 42, 65, 74
as racist, 27–8
racist policing, 26, 51, 62
as racket, 215–16
regional policing strategies, 166–7
sanitized language of, 36
society as built around, 10
as third rail of American politics, 227
tragic origin story of, 103
in US as vaster than any other in the world, 31
US budget for, 34
politics
law-and-order politics, 22, 31, 43, 51, 54, 102, 111, 183, 219, 221
police as becoming local kingmakers, 104
policing as third rail of American politics, 227
poor communities of color
as bearing twin brunts of social abandonment and police violence, 34
Black police commissioners in Philadelphia as heaping disproportionate brutality on, 27
capitalism as abandoning of to radical vulnerability and early death, 162
causes of violence within, 30
criminalization of, 200
disciplinary function of schools in, 148
dismantling of access to care and treatment for, 52
police as exacerbating social inequalities in, 88
policing of as militarized, 73
racist brutality meted out by police and vigilantes on, 29
racist pathologization of, 30
SROs in, 37
work of CARA in, 143
poor whites
as bought off with wages of whiteness, 44
as choosing race over class, 13, 24, 55, 103, 194
as police, 100
privileges of, 24
racist policing as conscripting of, 51
in slave patrols, 23, 200
as voting for more police, 26
Popular Assembly of the Peoples of Oaxaca (APPO), 170
Portland, Oregon
anti-ICE protests in, 190
police lieutenant as collaborator with Patriot Prayer, 220
protests in, 9
shooting of white supremacist by anti-fascist in, 9
Posse Comitatus, 20
Powderhorn Safety Collective, 134
practical abolitionism, 135–6
Preliminary Arraignment Reporting System (PARS), 190
Presley, Ayanna, 91
Press, Alex, 119–20
prevention
by deterrence, 187
funding for, 135, 136
prison-industrial complex (PIC), 15
“Prison Nation,” 36
prisons. See also school-to-prison pipeline
building alternatives to, 11
Camden, New Jersey, as “open-air prison,” 150
feedback loop between ghettoes and, 26
prison-industrial complex (PIC), 15
private security apparatus, 34, 43
proactive policing, 42, 65, 74
procedural justice, as topic of police reform, 74, 80, 87–8, 130
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), study by, 48, 49
protests/rebellions
anti-ICE protests in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 190
anti-ICE protests in Portland, Oregon, 190
following police killing of George Floyd, 1–2, 3, 6–7, 20, 63, 84, 93, 99, 112, 129, 130, 134, 147, 151, 178, 180–1, 190, 202, 214, 221, 223, 227
following police killing of Mike Brown, 42, 83, 177, 178
killing of protesters in Kenosha, Wisconsin, by white supremacist, 9, 221
military force used against in Birmingham, Alabama, 43, 83, 178
military force used against protesters in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 83
#OccupyICE protests in San Antonio, Texas, 207
in Portland, Oregon, 9
violence against protesters in Albuquerque, New Mexico, 8
violence against protesters in Austin, Texas, 8, 223
violence against protesters in Salt Lake City, 8
Proud Boys, 221
Puerto Rico
creation of survival programs in, 175, 176
Cure Violence model in town of Loíza, 174–5
Purnell, Derecka, 91
qualified immunity, 91, 111, 122
racial bias, 50
racial profiling, 49, 219
racist policing, 26, 27–8, 48, 51, 62, 198
Raider Nation Collective, 159
Rainbow Coalition, 139
Ramos, Manuel, 54
Ramsey, Charles, 79, 80, 97
Rangel, Charles, 29
rape, by cop, 56–8
rape crisis centers, 143–4
rape kits, 55, 130
rapid-response networks, 138
Rawlings-Blake, Stephanie, 108–9
Reagan, Ronald, 29
Real ID Act (2005), 189
Reclaim the Block, 130, 132
Reconstruction
cops as born from wreckage of, 224
as dyad with abolition, 12
failure of, 13, 14, 24, 42
Red Guards, 139
Reed, Adolph, 49–50, 52
Regional Coordinator of Community Authorities (CRAC), 171, 172
Reinoehl, Michael Forest, 9
Repeal Coalition (Arizona), 205
restorative justice, 134, 136, 143, 163, 175
Restorative Response Baltimore, 144–5
Rice, Tamir, 21, 41, 177, 215
Richie, Beth, 36
Riley, Boots, 71
Ritchie, Andrea, 57–8
Rittenhouse, Kyle, 9, 20, 221
Rivera Cusicanqui, Silvia, 173
Rizzo, Frank, 6, 104, 141
Roberts, Dorothy, 147
Rolfe, Garrett, 84, 113
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 196
Royal Irish Constabulary, 166
Safe Neighborhood Campaign, 144
Safe OUTside the System (SOS) Collective, 144
salaries and wages, of police, 68, 101, 103, 106, 107, 116, 117, 166, 214, 224
San Antonio, Texas, #OccupyICE protests in, 207
San Antonio Police Department, Jackie Neal case, 108
San Antonio Police Officers Association, 108
San Cristóbal de las Casas (Chiapas), as self-governed territory, 168
sanctuary movement, 5, 202, 206, 207–8, 209, 219
San Francisco Police Officers Association, 98
Santana, Feidin, 72, 81
Saunders, Lee, 114
school police. See school resource officers (SRO)
school resource officers (SRO)
history of, 33, 37
and mass shootings, 66–7
votes to eliminate contracts for, 5, 145
school-to-prison pipeline, 37, 148
Schrader, Stuart, 42, 45, 79, 124
Scott, Walter, 37, 71, 72, 81
Scott-Heron, Gil, 93
Sculley, Sheryl, 108
Seattle Rape Relief, 143
security patrols
in Seattle, 138
by Zapatistas, 168
self-defense
abolition as not possible without, 180
claims of, 9, 22, 39–40, 82, 86
self-defense networks/movements, 138–40, 158, 159, 161, 167–8, 173, 175, 179, 181
self-deportation, 194–5, 206
self-managed security collectives, 3, 134
self-organized experiments, in Latin America, 167–8, 169
Sergeants Benevolent Association (SBA), 99, 214
Serpico, Frank, 76–7
sexual assault
by on-duty officers, 56–8
&
nbsp; police as not preventing or often investigating, 55–6
sexual minorities, and police protection, 59–60, 146
sex workers
complex realities of, 146–7
and police protection, 60, 143
Shakur, Tupac, 213
Sharecroppers’ Union, 139
Sharpton, Al, 72
The Shock Doctrine (Klein), 175–6
sick-outs, 103, 213
Silvercorp, 44
Singh, Laibar, 205–6
Sinn Féin, 163
Sista II Sista, 144
Sistas’ Liberated Ground, 144
Sister Souljah, 188
Slager, Michael, 71, 72
slave patrols, 23, 25, 200
slavery
abolition of, 11–13, 154
police forces during, 23
prisons and police as carceral heirs to, 14
Smith, Mychal Denzel, 229–30
social police, 35
Somin, Ilya, 114
South Africa
alternatives to police in, 176
makgotla (community courts), 163–4
street committees in, 163–4
Spook Hunters, 140
Stamper, Norm, 56
stand-your-ground laws, 86
Stanley-Jones, Aiyana, 93, 177
statues, defacing and removal of, 6–7
Steinbeck, John, 127
St. Louis County Police Department, 222
Stoughton, Seth, 67
suburbs
formation of, 160
as fundamentally inseparable from police, 160
as metaphor for defunding the police, 159–61
Surowiecki, James, 98, 110
Taller Salud, 174
Tanner, Joe, 214, 215
Taser International (now Axon), 83
Task Force on Twenty-First Century Policing, 78–9, 80, 87, 89, 149
Tate-Brown, Brandon, 79–80, 124
Taylor, Breonna, 5, 93, 227
Taylor, Keenga-Yamahtta, 28, 29, 51, 151
Teamsters
and ICE, 202
law enforcement units in, 120
recruiting of cops by, 102
1033 program, 32, 83
Texas
Austin Police Association, 124
Austin Police Department budget cuts, 94
#OccupyICE in San Antonio, 207
police attack on Black teenagers in McKinney, 21
violence against protesters in Austin, 8, 223
Texas Rangers, 38–9, 40
“thin blue line,” 41
Thirteenth Amendment (US Constitution), 12
Thomas, Kelly, 54
Three Percenters, 221–2
Tilly, Charles, 215–16
Timbs, Tyson, 217
Tom Joad (fictional character), 127
“to protect and serve”
coining of phrase, 62
police as not legally required, 66, 67, 128
police as protecting and serving property, not people, 202
police as protecting and serving themselves, 69
use of phrase, 47
training, for police, 3, 67, 74, 77, 78, 79, 80, 84–5, 86, 112, 130, 222
transgender people, and police protection, 59–60, 62, 63, 162, 210
transit police, 4, 34
Trumka, Richard, 118
Trump, Donald, 4, 9, 44, 48, 49, 50, 88, 100, 111, 124, 185, 188, 189, 190, 191, 195, 196, 201, 202, 207, 219, 223
Truth, Sojourner, 14
Tubman, Harriet, 14
Tulsa Police Department, police killings by, 49
Turner, Nat, 14
Uhlmann, Natascha Elena, 189–90, 193–4, 207
UndocuBlack Network, 208
Uniform Crime Reporting database (FBI), 32
United Food & Commercial Workers (UFCW), law enforcement units in, 120
United National Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, on rape and sexual abuse by police, 57
US Border Patrol
agents deployed to George Floyd protests in Portland, 202
calls for abolition of, 202
domestic violence by, 59
endorsement of Trump by, 219
establishment of, 199–200
as grown out of informal, white supremacist mobs, 40
as upholding racial divisions, 201
US Bureau of Labor Statistics
on risk of being police officer, 68
statistic on private security offices, 34
US Capitol, storming of (January 2021), 222
US Constitution
Eighth Amendment, 217
Fifteenth Amendment, 12
Fifth Amendment, 102, 109
Fourteenth Amendment, 12
Fourth Amendment, 102
Thirteenth Amendment, 12
US Department of Education, statistic on school-based arrest, 33
US Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
calls for abolition of, 193
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), 189
right-wing militias as helping, 220
tech budget of, 204
US Department of Justice (DOJ)
Center for Policing Equity, 90
Civil Rights Division indictment of Ferguson Police Department, 78, 84
on police abolition, 16
survey of campus police, 33
US Supreme Court
Gardner v. Broderick, 109
Garrity v. New Jersey, 109
Graham v. Connor, 83
Mapp decision, 102, 109
Miranda decision, 102, 109
on police not being held liable for not protecting the public from a private, third-party actor, 66
and special rights for police, 111
Timbs v. Indiana, 217
Vallejo Police Officers’ Association (VPOA), 214–15
Vargas, Karina, 72
Venezuela
communal councils and communes in, 178–9, 181
demand for community control in Caracas, 157–8
mercenary action in, 44
police reform in, 180
revolutionary movements in Caracas, 157–9
videotaping
of abuse by SROs, 145
by bystanders, 2, 5, 8, 9, 20, 53, 54, 72, 80, 81, 97
surveillance video, 21
use of body cameras, 81, 82
vigilantes
American Legion as, 100
history of, 19–21
killing of Ahmaud Arbery by, 5, 19
killing of Jordan Davis by, 21
killings of homeless people by, 54
Kyle Rittenhouse as, 9, 20, 221
Michael Dunn as, 21
Taxes Rangers as species of hybrid “police vigilantes,” 38
uptick in attacks by, 8
violence by in wake of Hurricane Katrina, 22
Zoot Suit Riots, 40
Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act (1994), 29, 32, 188
Vitale, Alex, 38, 84, 86–7
Vollmer, August, 38, 75
vulnerable communities
how police view, 61
and police protection, 55, 57, 62, 146, 162, 210, 230
Wafer, Theodore, 21
wages
impact of migration on, 195–6, 197–9, 203, 210
and salaries, of police, 68, 101, 103, 106, 107, 116, 117, 166, 214, 224
of whiteness, 24, 26, 44, 103, 200
Walia, Harsha, 206
Walker, Samuel, 109, 110
Walker, Scott, 115–16
Wall, Tyler, 35, 57, 89, 90, 107
Wallace, Walter, Jr., 53, 125
The War on Cops (Mac Donald), 48
“war on drugs,” 29, 31
“war on police,” 41, 68, 126, 218, 224
Warren, Scott, 207
Watts, Ronald, 218
Wayfair, 203
Welch, Ryan, 32–3
welfare institutions/programs
budgets for, 34
<
br /> lack of as cause of racist brutality meted out by police and vigilantes on poor communities of color, 29–30
need for reimagining of, 147
Reconstruction as pioneering, 12
role police played in (1930s), 76
Wells, Ida B., 55
WhatsApp (app), 134
white fear, 21, 23, 103, 106
whiteness, 19, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 41, 44, 45, 51, 103, 154, 165, 178, 198, 200, 201, 223, 226
white-on-Black crime, 29
white people
killed by police, 51, 52
media treatment of after Hurricane Katrina, 22
and police protection, 47–8
resistance by in police killings, 49
as underrepresented in police killings, 48
white power, 23–4, 28, 31, 154, 201
white supremacists/supremacy
abolishment of as necessary for abolishment of police, 45
Bill Clinton as appeasing, 188
complicity between police and, 8, 45–6
as determining who can be killed or abused with impunity, 88–9
killing of protesters in Kenosha by Kyle Rittenhouse, 9, 20, 221
police membership in organizations of, 20
presence of in military, 223
presence of in police departments, 222
struggles against, 4
tearing down monuments to, 6–7
Wickersham Commission, 75
Williams, Kristian, 101, 103, 105, 118, 120
Williams, Patricia, 82
Williams, Robert F., 139, 158
Williams, Seth, 80
Wilson, Darren, 4, 21, 50, 78, 88, 98, 118
Wisconsin
Act 10 (Wisconsin), 116
killing of protesters by white supremacist in Kenosha, 9, 221
police brutality against Jacob Blake in Kenosha, 9, 20
Women Organized against Rape, 143
Workers United of Upstate New York, calls to expel IUPA from, 113
The Wretched of the Earth (Fanon), 5
Writers Guild of America, East (WGAE), calls to expel IUPA from, 113
Yates, Travis, 49
Young, Rickia, 125
Young Lords, 139
Young Patriots, 139
Zapatistas, 159, 168, 186
Zetas cartel, 180
Zibechi, Raúl, 173
Zimmerman, George, 20–1, 86, 141