[←777 ]
Luther, “Freedom of a Christian,” 601, 613.
[←778 ]
Gesche Linde, “Nachwort,” in Martin Luther, Von der Freiheit eines Christenmenchen: Studienausgaben (Stuttgart: Reclam, 2011), 91.
[←779 ]
Luther, “Freedom of a Christian,” 597, 606.
[←780 ]
Linde, “Nachwort,” 91.
[←781 ]
Luther, “Freedom of a Christian,” 616.
[←782 ]
Marius, Martin Luther, 272.
[←783 ]
Linde, “Nachwort,” 92.
[←784 ]
Marius, Martin Luther, 273.
[←785 ]
Luther, “Freedom of a Christian,” 609.
[←786 ]
Mullett, Martin Luther, 117.
[←787 ]
Martin Luther, “On the Jews and their Lies,” in Lull, Basic Theological Writings, 498.
[←788 ]
Ibid., 497–498.
[←789 ]
Cf., Yuri Slezkine, The Jewish Century (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004; Kevin MacDonald, The Culture of Critique: An Evolutionary Analysis of Jewish Involvement in Twentieth-Century Intellectual and Political Movements (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998); and E Michael Jones, The Jewish Revolutionary Spirit and Its Impact on World History (South Bend, IN: Fidelity Press, 2008).
[←790 ]
Stephen M Borthwick, “Brother of Germany: Martin Luther and German Nationalism, 1516–1546,” Senior Thesis, Department of History, Catholic University of America, (2009), 51, available online at: https://www.academia.edu/1881684/Brother_of_Germany_Martin_Luther_and_German_Nationalism_in_the_Early_16th_Century.
[←791 ]
Ibid., 32, 34.
[←792 ]
Ibid., 2, 58.
[←793 ]
Ibid., 60.
[←794 ]
Ibid., 60–61.
[←795 ]
AG Dickens, The German Nation and Martin Luther (London: Edward Arnold, 1974), 1.
[←796 ]
Ibid., 224.
[←797 ]
Ibid., 133, 224–226.
[←798 ]
Ibid., 222–223.
[←799 ]
Ibid., 75–76, 78.
[←800 ]
Ibid., 67.
[←801 ]
EW Zeeden, quoted in Ibid., 70, 226.
[←802 ]
See, e.g., Martin Luther, Von den Juden und ihren Lügen in Dr Walther Linden, Luthers Kampfschriften gegen das Judentum (Berlin: Klinthardt and Bierman, 1936), 193, 199–200.
[←803 ]
Cf., Anthony D Smith, The Ethnic Origins of Nations (Oxford: Blackwell, 1986), 15.
[←804 ]
Rosemary O’Day, The Debate on the English Reformation Second Edition (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2014), 22.
[←805 ]
Linda Colley, Britons: Forging the Nation 1707–1837 (London: Pimlico, 1992), 27–28.
[←806 ]
O’Day, Debate, 23.
[←807 ]
Jeremy Morris, FD Maurice and the Crisis of Christian Authority (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), 105.
[←808 ]
AG Dickens, The English Reformation Second Edition (University Park, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989), 13, 21–22, 59, 31.
[←809 ]
Ibid., 31, 65, 67.
[←810 ]
Ibid., 22, 204.
[←811 ]
O’Day, Debate, 82.
[←812 ]
Ibid., 85–87.
[←813 ]
Dickens, English Reformation, 168.
[←814 ]
Ibid., 168, 172.
[←815 ]
JGA Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Traditon (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1975), 3.
[←816 ]
William T Cavanaugh, Theopolitical Imagination: Discovering the Liturgy as a Political Act in an Age of Global Consumerism (London: T&T Clark, 2002), 49–50, 22.
[←817 ]
O’Day, Debate, 242–243. See, Eamon Duffy, The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England, 1400–1580 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001).
[←818 ]
Christopher Haigh, “Introduction,” in Christopher Haigh, ed, The English Reformation Revised (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 4, 8.
[←819 ]
See, e.g., GR Elton, The Tudor Revolution in Government (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1953); and JJ Scarisbrick, Henry VIII (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1968).
[←820 ]
Fr Andrew Phillips, Orthodox Christianity and the English Tradition (Norfolk: English Orthodox Trust, 1995), 277, 295.
[←821 ]
Cf., Max Weber, The Theory of Social and Economic Organization Talcott Parsons, ed (New York: Free Press, 1964), 358–363.
[←822 ]
Phillips, Orthodox Christianity, 277, 225.
[←823 ]
Marcel Gauchet, The Disenchantment of the World: A Political History of Religion tr Oscar Burge (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997), 116.
[←824 ]
Phillips, Orthodox Christianity, 61, 19, 135.
[←825 ]
Gauchet, Disenchantment, 77.
[←826 ]
Harold J Berman, Law and Revolution: The Formation of the Western Legal Tradition (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983), 178, 171, 173.
[←827 ]
Gauchet, Disenchantment, 77.
[←828 ]
Berman, Law and Revolution, 173.
[←829 ]
See, generally, Gauchet, Disenchantment.
[←830 ]
Ibid., 89, 83.
[←831 ]
Ibid., 83.
[←832 ]
See, especially, Diarmaid MacCulloch, Thomas Cranmer (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996), passim.
[←833 ]
It is worth noting that the word “nation” in Acts 17:26 is εθνος (ethnos) in Greek. It follows that the problem in historical theology posed for us by the English Reformation (i.e. whether ethno-nationalism is compatible with Christianity) is one not facing any of Paul’s audiences. For them the meaning of nationhood was not bound up with the idea of the State which had yet to be invented. Hence, in the koine Greek of Paul’s time, our problem would have to have been articulated as a tautology: Is ethno-ethnoism compatible with Christianity? Only when the State asserts its sovereign prerogative as the sole legal representative of the nation does the distinctively modern problem of ethnic nationalism arise.
[←834 ]
See Andrew Fraser, The WASP Question: An Essay on the Biocultural Evolution, Present Predicament, and Future Prospects of the Invisible Race (London/Stockholm: Arktos, 2011), 329–372); and, Edwin Dyga, “Transcendence and the Aristocratic Principle: ‘Throne and Altar’ as Essential Criteria for Civilisation and National Particularism; Defense Against Demotic Tyranny,” in K. Deva, ed, Aristokratia III: Hellas (np: Manticore Books, 2015), 128.
[←835 ]
Cf., Gauchet, Disenchantment, 4, 5, 101ff; and Phillips, Orthodox Christianity, 295, 66.
[←836 ]
Jeffrey B Gibson, “Jesus’ Wilderness Temptation According to Mark,” (1994) 53 Journal for the Study of the New Testament 3.
[←837 ]
Robert A Guelich, Word Biblical Commentary Mark 1–8:26 Vol 34A (Dallas, TX: Word Books, 1989), 38 (emphasis added); see also, M Eugene Boring, Mark: A Commentary (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2006), 48.
[←838 ]
Gibson, “Jesus’ Wilderness Temptation,” 8, 30, 32, 29 (emphasis added).
[←839 ]
Joel Marcus, Mark 1–8 The Anchor Bible (New York: Doubleday, 2000), 169–171.
[←840 ]
John H Walton, The Lost World of Adam and Eve: Genesis
2–3 and the Human Origins Debate (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2015), 116. Like Gibson, Adela Yarbro Collins sees no trace of an Adamic Garden in Mark 1:12–13. In the wilderness “Jesus, the Spirit of God, and the angels, on the one hand,” are pitted “against Satan, wild animals, and (it is implied) demons on the other”. See, Adela Yarbro Collins, Mark: A Commentary Harold W Attridge, ed (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2007), 153.
[←841 ]
Guelich, Word Biblical Commentary, 38. This reading is supported by Joel Marcus, Mark 1–8 The Anchor Bible (New York: Doubleday, 2000), 169–171.
[←842 ]
Ibid., 39.
[←843 ]
The so-called synoptic problem has its root in the fact that “Close similarities between Matthew, Mark and Luke at various points, including verbal parallels, make it clear that these three gospels stand in some sort of inter-relationship, and can be viewed together (hence “syn-optic”). TJ Harris, “Distinctive Features of the Gospels,” in M Harding and A Nobbs, eds, The Content and Setting of the Gospel Tradition (Grand Rapids, MI: William B Eerdmans, 2010), 291.
[←844 ]
Robert A Guelich, Word Biblical Commentary Mark 1–8:26 Vol 34A (Dallas, TX: Word Books, 1989), 38.
[←845 ]
Andrew Schmutzer, “Jesus’ Temptation: A Reflection on Matthew’s Use of Old Testament Theology and Imagery,” (2008) 40 Ashland Theological Journal 15, at 23.
[←846 ]
Jeffrey B Gibson, “Jesus’ Wilderness Temptation According to Mark,” (1994) 53 Journal for the Study of the New Testament 3, at 32–33; cf., Joel Marcus, The Anchor Bible Mark 1–8 (New York: Doubleday, 2000), 170.
[←847 ]
M Eugene Boring, Mark: A Commentary (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2006), 47.
[←848 ]
Donald A Hagner, Word Biblical Commentary Matthew 1–13 Vol 33A (Dallas, TX: Word Books, 1993), 62–63.
[←849 ]
John Nolland, Word Biblical Commentary Luke 1–9:20 Vol 35A (Dallas, TX: Word Books, 1989), 177.
[←850 ]
Darrell L Bock, Luke Vol 1: 1:1–9:50 (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1994), 365.
[←851 ]
John Nolland, The Gospel of Matthew: A Commentary on the Greek Text (Grand Rapids, MI: William B Eerdmans, 2005), 161. See also, L Howard Marshall, The Gospel of Luke: A Commentary on the Greek Text (Grand Rapids, MI: William B Eerdmans, 1978), 166; and Bock, Luke, 365.
[←852 ]
Leon Morris, The Gospel According to Matthew (Grand Rapids, MI: William B Eerdmans, 1992), 69–70.
[←853 ]
RT France, The Gospel of Matthew (Grand Rapids, MI: William B Eerdmans, 2007), 126.
[←854 ]
Bock, Luke, 365.
[←855 ]
Nolland, Luke, 179, 181.
[←856 ]
Bock, Luke, 366, 365.
[←857 ]
Charles B Puskas and David Crump, An Introduction to the Gospels and Acts (Grand Rapids, MI: William B Eerdmans, 2008), 100.
[←858 ]
Cf., Deuteronomy 6:4–5 (KJV). “Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God is one Lord: And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might”. Schmutzer argues that “[b]y implication, loving God with one’s ‘heart’ meant the refusal to make bread in self-interest. ‘Life’ meant the refusal to jump and activate divine protection. ‘Might’ was tied to idolatry and the refusal to worship the devil in exchange for the kingdoms of the world”. Schmutzer, “Jesus’ Temptation,” 25.
[←859 ]
Puskas and Crump, Introduction, 128–134.
[←860 ]
Schmutzer, “Jesus’ Temptation,” 15.
[←861 ]
See, generally, WR Farmer, The Synoptic Problem: A Critical Analysis (Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 1976).
[←862 ]
See, generally, Patricia Walters, “The Synoptic Problem,” in David Aune, ed, Blackwell Companion to the New Testament (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010), 236–254.
[←863 ]
Cf., Ben M Elrod, The Baptism and Temptation of Jesus as the Key to an Understanding of his Messianic Consciousness [Doctoral Dissertation, Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1961] (Whitefish, MT: Literary Licencing, 2011), 84–85.
[←864 ]
On the Garden of the Lord as a “sacred space” not a “green space” see, John H Walton, The Lost World of Adam and Eve: Genesis 2–3 and the Human Origins Debate (Downer’s Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2015), esp. 116–127. See, also, Robert A Guelich, Word Biblical Commentary Mark 1–8:26 Vol 34A (Dallas, TX: Word Books, 1989), 39–40; and, Joel Marcus, The Anchor Bible Mark 1–8 (New York: Doubleday, 2000), 170–171.
[←865 ]
Andrew Schmutzer, “Jesus’ Temptation: A Reflection on Matthew’s Use of Old Testament Theology and Imagery,” (2008) 40 Ashland Theological Journal 15, at 28.
[←866 ]
On the Old Testament creation of the cosmic temple, see John H Walton, The Lost World of Genesis One: Ancient Cosmology and the Origins Debate (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2009).
[←867 ]
Darrell L Bock, Luke Vol I: 1:1–9:50 (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1994), 370–371.
[←868 ]
RT France, The Gospel of Matthew (Grand Rapids, MI: William B Eerdmans, 2007), 131–132.
[←869 ]
PL Day, quoted in Susan R Garrett, The Temptations of Jesus in Mark’s Gospel (Grand Rapids, MI: William B Eerdmans, 1998), 32.
[←870 ]
France, Matthew, 129.
[←871 ]
John Nolland, The Gospel of Matthew: A Commentary on the Greek Text (Grand Rapids, MI: William B Eerdmans, 2005), 161.
[←872 ]
John Nolland, Word Biblical Commentary Luke 1–9:20 Vol 35A (Dallas, TX: Word Books, 1989), 182.
[←873 ]
Garrett, Temptations, 177–181.
[←874 ]
Tom Wright, Matthew for Everyone, Part 1 Second Edition (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2004), 26. See also, idem., Luke for Everyone (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2004), 41–45.
[←875 ]
Jacques Ellul, If You Are the Son of God: The Suffering and Temptations of Jesus [originally published, 1991] (Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2014); and Helmut Thielicke, Between God and Satan: The Temptation of Jesus and the Temptability of Man [originally published, 1938], (Farmington Hills, MI: Oil Lamp Books, 2010).
[←876 ]
Ellul, Son of God, 13.
[←877 ]
Thielicke, Between God and Satan, 30, 34, 66.
[←878 ]
Ibid., 24.
[←879 ]
Joseph de Maistre, Considerations on France [originally published, 1797] (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 53.
[←880 ]
Nolland, Matthew, 161.
[←881 ]
Jeffrey B Gibson, “Jesus’ Wilderness Temptation According to Mark,” (1994) 53 Journal for the Study of the New Testament 3, at 29.
[←882 ]
Elrod, Baptism and Temptation, 113.
[←883 ]
Ibid., 113–114.
[←884 ]
Scot McKnight, A New Vision for Israel: The Teachings of Jesus in National Context (Grand Rapids, MI: William B Eerdmans, 1999), 69, 83, 6, 10.
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