by Polybius
LXXXI (131)
They immediately sent a courier to Perseus to tell him what had happened. (132) It was Perseus’s design to keep it close, but he could not hide the truth.
LXXXII (133)
In other respects he was well equipped for service, but his spear was limp.
LXXXIII (134)
Publius was anxious to engage and avail himself of the enthusiasm of the barbarians. (135) He put in at Naupactus in Aetolia. (136) He escorted Publius out with great respect. (137) Having received Publius and Gaius with kindness and honour.
LXXXIV (140)
It was the deliberate intention of the Romans to fight at sea.
LXXXV (141)
While they were still together and were fighting at close quarters with their swords, taking his stand behind them he stabbed him under the armpit.
LXXXVI (151)
This man presented Prusias with many silver and gold cups during the banquet.
LXXXVII (153)
Taking a wise view of the future, he came to the conclusion to get rid of the garrison sent by Ptolemy.
LXXXVIII (158)
On that occasion both Romans and Carthaginians bivouacked on the embankment.
LXXXIX (159)
Not being able to persuade him again, owing to that king’s cautious and inactive character, he was forced to offer five hundred talents. And so Seleucus agreed to give the aid.
XC (161)
Chance and Fortune, so to speak, enhanced the achievements of Scipio, so that they always appeared more illustrious than was expected.
XCI (162)
One must not pass over even a minor work of his, as in the case of a famous artist.
XCII (163)
Scipio counselled him either not to try, or to do so in such a manner as to succeed at all risks. For to make an attempt on the same man twice was dangerous in itself, and was apt to make a man altogether contemptible.
XCIII (164)
But being jealous of Scipio they tried to decry his achievements.
XCIV (168)
Fixing the stocks upright in the ground in a semicircle touching each other.
XCV (170)
The important point of their resolution was that they would not admit a garrison or governor, and would not give up their constitution as established by law.
XCV (177-179)
He said that we should not let the enemy escape, or encourage their boldness by shirking a battle....
Conceiving a slight hope from the besieged garrison, he made the most of it....
Pretending warm friendship, he tried every manœuvre whereby he might promote the enemy’s interests, and surround us by the gravest perils....
XCVI (182)
As the rock caused them difficulty because they were obliged to bore a hole in it, they completed the mine which they were making by using wooden bolts.
XCVII (183)
He did not think it right to leave the war in Etruria, and give his attention to the cities in that part of the country. He feared that he should waste all the time, which was not very long to begin with, in less important details.
XCVIII (185)
And having got his boats and hemioliae dragged across the Isthmus he put to sea, being anxious to be in time for the Achaean congress.
XCIX (191)
Philip was annoyed at the request of the Corcyreans.
C (192)
Since circumstances debar Philip, the king wishes to give that man the credit of the achievement, making the proposal to him in the light of a favour.
CI (193)
Philip, having given out that he was about to serve out rations, made a proclamation that a return should be made to him of all who had not provisions for more than thirty days.
CII (195)
After two days from starting for the seat of war Philip passed the order to make two rations three, whenever he wanted an additional day, and sometimes to make two four. (? Cp. Livy, 35, 28.)
CIII (195)
A swipe (φρεατοτόπανον) is one of the implements mentioned by Polybius. (See 9, 43, Hultsch.)
CIV (199)
It was impossible to convey the equipments and provisions for the legions by sea or upon beasts of burden; they must carry ten days’ provisions in their wallets.
GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES QUOTED BY STEPHANUS AND OTHERS AS HAVING BEEN USED BY POLYBIUS
Achriane, a town in Hyrcania.
Adrane, a town in Thrace.
Aegosthena, a town in Megaris.
Allaria, a town in Crete.
Ancara, a town in Italy.
Aperanteia, a city and district in Thessaly.
Apsyrtus, an island off Illyricum.
Ares, plain of, “A desolate plain in Thrace with low trees.”
Arsinoe, a town in Aetolia and in Libya.
Atella, a town of the Opici, in Campania. “The Atellani surrendered.”
Badiza, a town in Bruttium.
Babrantium, a place near Chios.
Cabyle, a town in Thrace.
Calliope, a town in Parthia.
Candasa, a fort in Caria.
Carthaea, one of the four cities of Ceos.
Corax, a mountain between Callipolis and Naupactus.
Cyathus, a river in Aetolia, near Arsinoe (a tributary of the Achelous).
Dassaretae, an Illyrian tribe.
Digeri, a Thracian tribe.
Ellopium, a town in Aetolia.
Gitta, a town in Palestine (Gath).
Hella, in Asia, a port belonging to Attalus.
Hippo (Regius), a town in Libya.
Hyrtacus, a town in Crete.
Hyscana, a town in Illyria.
Ilattia, a town in Crete.
Lampeteia, a town in Bruttium.
Mantua, in N. Italy.
Massyleis, a Libyan tribe.
Melitusa, a town in Illyria.
Oricus (m.), a town in Epirus, “The first town on the right as one sails into the Adriatic.”
Parthus, a town in Illyria.
Philippi, a town in Macedonia.
Phorynna, a town in Thrace.
Phytaeum, a town in Aetolia.
Rhyncus, in Aetolia.
Sibyrtus, a town in Crete.
Singa, a town in Libya.
Tabraca, a town in Libya.
Temesia, a town in Bruttium.
Volci, a town in Etruria.
Xynia, a town in Thessaly.
APPENDICES
APPENDIX I.
The Divisions of the Macedonian Empire after the death of Alexander.
Alexander the Great, ob. June B.C. 323.
Justin, 12, 16; Arrian, An. 7, 28.
οἱ βασιλεῖς
Philip III. (Arrhidaeus) half-brother of Alexander, ob. B.C. 317.
Alexander IV. (posthumous son of Alexander by Roxana).
Successive Guardians
Perdiccas, killed B.C. 321.
(οἱ ἐπιμεληταί)
Arrhidaeus and Python (for a few months), resigned B.C. 321.
Hipparch ... Seleucus.
Captain of the Bodyguards ... Cassander.
First Distribution of the Provinces of the Empire.
Diodorus Sic. 18, 3; Justin, 13, 4.
Macedonia and Greece.
Antipater.
Egypt, and parts of Libya and Asia.
Ptolemy s. of Lagus.
Pamphylia(1). Lycia. Greater Phrygia.
Antigonus.
Caria.
Cassander.
Thrace.
Lysimachus.
Paphlagonia. Cappadocia.
Eumenes.
Media Major.
Python.
Syria.
Laomedon.
Phrygia Hellespontiaca.
Leonnatus.
Lydia.
Meleager.(2)
Cilicia.
Philotas.
Media Minor.
Atropatos.
Bactria ulterior.
Unchanged.(3)
India.
Indian Colonies
Pithon s. of Agenor.
Punjaub
Taxiles.
Parapamisos.
Oxyartes.
Arachossi and Cedrussi.
Silyrtias.
Draucae and Arei.
Stasanor.
Bactria.
Amyntas.
Sogdiani.
Stasandros.
Parthians.
Philip.
Hyrcani.
Phrataphernes.
Carmani.
Tleptolemus.
Persis.
Peucestes.
Babylonians.
Archon.
Mesopotamia.
Arcesilaus.
(1) Justin gives Pamphylia and Lycia to Nearchus.
(2) Justin calls him Menander.
(3) The provinces and governors printed in italics are not mentioned by Dioderus here, who merely says they were unchanged. But the list given by Justin agrees with that of Diodorus in the next settlement, with certain exceptions, which may be regarded as changes arising from death or other causes.
Second Arrangement, B.C. 321.
οἱ βασιλεῖς
Philip III. (Arrhidaeus) half-brother of Alexander, ob. B.C. 317.
Alexander IV. (posthumous son of Alexander by Roxana).
Regent with absolute powers
... Antipater, ob. B.C. 318.
Regent with absolute powers
... Polysperchon
Strategus of the Empire
... Antigonus.
Chiliarch of the Empire
... Cassander (s. of Antigonus).
Hipparch ... Seleucus.
Captain of the Bodyguards ... Cassander.
B.C. 321. Second Arrangement Of The Provinces.Diod. 18, 39.
(Unchanged.) Macedonia and Greece.
Antipater.
(Unchanged.) Egypt & parts of Libya & Asia.
Ptolemy s. of Lagus.
Greater Phrygia, Lycia, & Susiana added.
Antigonus.
(Unchanged.) Caria
Cassander.
(Unchanged.) Thrace.
Lysimachus.
(Unchanged.) Media.
Python.
(Unchanged.) Syria.
Laomedon.
Cilicia.
Philoxenus.
Babylonia
Seleucus.
Cappadocia.
Nicanor.
Lydia
Cheiton.
Phrygia Hellespontiaca.
Arrhidaeus.
Mesopotamia and Asbelitis.
Amphimachus.
The other provinces as in the previous list.
Third Arrangement, B.C. 312-311.
King ... Alexander IV. (in charge of Roxana).
Strategus in Europe till the king comes of age ... Cassander.
B.C. 312-311. Third Arrangement of the Provinces of the Empire.Diod. Sic. 19, 105.
Egypt.
Ptolemy, s. of Lagus.
Thrace.
Lysimachus.
Macedonia.
Cassander.
All Asia (ἀφηγεῖσθαι).
Antigonus.
Babylonia.
Seleucus Nicanor.
Greece nominally free, B.C. 307
Demetrius (s. of Antigonus) becomes Master of Athens.
B.C. 311. Alexander IV. and Roxana murdered by order of Cassander.
B.C. 306. Fourth Arrangement. Kingdoms formed, After the naval victory of Demetrius over Ptolemy. Diod. 30, 53.
King of Egypt.
Ptolemy, s. of Lagus
King of Syria and Asia.
Antigonus.
King of Upper Asia.
Seleucus.
King of Thrace.
Lysimachus.
King of Macedonia.
Cassander.
Demetrius Poliorcetes (s. of Antigonus) also takes the title of king, and in B.C. 304 returns to Athens and wages war with Cassander.
B.C. 301. Settlement after the battle of Ipsus, in which Antigonus fell.
(Lysimachus and Seleucus against Antigonus and Demetrius.)
King of Egypt.
Ptolemy, s. of Lagus, ob. 283.
King of Syria.
Seleucus Nicanor, ob. B.C. 280.
King of Thrace.
Lysimachus, ob. 281.
King of Macedonia.
Cassander, ob. B.C. 297.
Greece is nominally free, but in B.C. 295 Demetrius takes Athens, and becoming King of Macedonia in B.C. 295 to B.C. 287, he retains Greece as part of the kingdom. In the confusion which followed it was practically free.
APPENDIX II.
THE KINGS OF EGYPT, SYRIA, AND MACEDONIA, TO THE END OF THE PERIOD EMBRACED IN POLYBIUS’S HISTORY
B.C.
EGYPT
B.C.
SYRIA
306-285
Ptolemy, s. of Lagus
306-301
Antigonus the One-eyed
283-247
Ptolemy II. Philadelphus
301-280
Seleucus Nicanor
247-222
Ptolemy III. Euergetes
280-261
Antiochus I. Soter, s. of
Antigonus the One-eyed
222-205
Ptolemy IV. Philopator
246-226
Seleucus II. Callinicus
205-181
Ptolemy V. Epiphanes
226-223
Seleucus III. Alexander or Ceraunus
181-146
Ptolemy VI. Philometor
223-187
Antiochus III. the Great
170-154
Ptolemy VII. Physcon,
joint king with his
brother, Ptolemy VI
187-175
Seleucus IV. Philopator
146-117
Ptolemy VII. sole king
175-164
Antiochus IV. Epiphanes
164-162
Antiochus V. Eupator
162-150
Demetrius I. Soter
150-147
Alexander Balas
147-125
Demetrius II. Nicator
B.C.
MACEDONIA
323-311
Alexander IV.
323-317
Philip III. (Arrhidaeus)
311-306
Regency of Cassander
306-296
Cassander
296
Philip IV. s. of Cassander
296-294
Antipater
sons of Cassander
Alexander
294-287
Demetrius I. Poliercetes, ob. 283
287-281
Divided between Lysimachus and Pyrrhus
281-280
Seleucus, Nicanor
Ptolemy Ceraunus, s. of Ptolemy of Egypt
280-277
[Various claimants]
277-239
Antigonus Gonatas, s. of Demetrius I.
239-229
Demetrius II. s. of Gonatas.
229-179
Philip V. s. of Demetrius II.
[Antigonus Doson, nominally his guardian assumes the crown B.C. 229-220]
179-168
Perseus [Macedonia a Roman province]
APPENDIX III
1, 21. The capture of Cornelius Asina is ascribed by Livy (E) to an act of treachery, per fraudem velut in colloquium evocatus captus est. He is copied by Florus (2, 2) and Eutropius (2, 10). See also Valerius Max. 6, 6, 2. This is perhaps not incompatible with the narrative of Polybius, which, however, does not suggest it. He must have been released at the time of the entrance of Regulus into Africa, for being captured in B.C. 260, we find him Consul for B.C. 254, without any account of his release being preserved.
1, 32-36. — XANTHIPPUS THE LACEDAEMONIAN
The fate of Xanthippus has been variously reported. Po
lybius represents him as going away voluntarily, and Mommsen supposes him to have taken service in the Egyptian army. Appian, however, asserts that he and his men were drowned on their way home to Sparta by the Carthaginian captains who were conveying them, and who were acting on secret orders from home (8, 4). Mommsen also regards the account of Polybius of the reforms introduced in the Carthaginian tactics by Xanthippus as exaggerated: “The officers of Carthage can hardly have waited for foreigners to teach them that the light African cavalry can be more appropriately employed on the plain than among hills and forests.” The doubt had apparently occurred to others [Diodor. Sic. fr. bk. 23.] The mistake, however, was not an unnatural one. For other references to Xanthippus see Cicero de Off. 3, 26, 7; Valerius Max. 1, 1, 14; Dio Cassius, fr. 43, 24.