Delphi Complete Works of Polybius

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by Polybius


  LXXXI (131)

  They immediately sent a courier to Perseus to tell him what had happened. (132) It was Perseus’s design to keep it close, but he could not hide the truth.

  LXXXII (133)

  In other respects he was well equipped for service, but his spear was limp.

  LXXXIII (134)

  Publius was anxious to engage and avail himself of the enthusiasm of the barbarians. (135) He put in at Naupactus in Aetolia. (136) He escorted Publius out with great respect. (137) Having received Publius and Gaius with kindness and honour.

  LXXXIV (140)

  It was the deliberate intention of the Romans to fight at sea.

  LXXXV (141)

  While they were still together and were fighting at close quarters with their swords, taking his stand behind them he stabbed him under the armpit.

  LXXXVI (151)

  This man presented Prusias with many silver and gold cups during the banquet.

  LXXXVII (153)

  Taking a wise view of the future, he came to the conclusion to get rid of the garrison sent by Ptolemy.

  LXXXVIII (158)

  On that occasion both Romans and Carthaginians bivouacked on the embankment.

  LXXXIX (159)

  Not being able to persuade him again, owing to that king’s cautious and inactive character, he was forced to offer five hundred talents. And so Seleucus agreed to give the aid.

  XC (161)

  Chance and Fortune, so to speak, enhanced the achievements of Scipio, so that they always appeared more illustrious than was expected.

  XCI (162)

  One must not pass over even a minor work of his, as in the case of a famous artist.

  XCII (163)

  Scipio counselled him either not to try, or to do so in such a manner as to succeed at all risks. For to make an attempt on the same man twice was dangerous in itself, and was apt to make a man altogether contemptible.

  XCIII (164)

  But being jealous of Scipio they tried to decry his achievements.

  XCIV (168)

  Fixing the stocks upright in the ground in a semicircle touching each other.

  XCV (170)

  The important point of their resolution was that they would not admit a garrison or governor, and would not give up their constitution as established by law.

  XCV (177-179)

  He said that we should not let the enemy escape, or encourage their boldness by shirking a battle....

  Conceiving a slight hope from the besieged garrison, he made the most of it....

  Pretending warm friendship, he tried every manœuvre whereby he might promote the enemy’s interests, and surround us by the gravest perils....

  XCVI (182)

  As the rock caused them difficulty because they were obliged to bore a hole in it, they completed the mine which they were making by using wooden bolts.

  XCVII (183)

  He did not think it right to leave the war in Etruria, and give his attention to the cities in that part of the country. He feared that he should waste all the time, which was not very long to begin with, in less important details.

  XCVIII (185)

  And having got his boats and hemioliae dragged across the Isthmus he put to sea, being anxious to be in time for the Achaean congress.

  XCIX (191)

  Philip was annoyed at the request of the Corcyreans.

  C (192)

  Since circumstances debar Philip, the king wishes to give that man the credit of the achievement, making the proposal to him in the light of a favour.

  CI (193)

  Philip, having given out that he was about to serve out rations, made a proclamation that a return should be made to him of all who had not provisions for more than thirty days.

  CII (195)

  After two days from starting for the seat of war Philip passed the order to make two rations three, whenever he wanted an additional day, and sometimes to make two four. (? Cp. Livy, 35, 28.)

  CIII (195)

  A swipe (φρεατοτόπανον) is one of the implements mentioned by Polybius. (See 9, 43, Hultsch.)

  CIV (199)

  It was impossible to convey the equipments and provisions for the legions by sea or upon beasts of burden; they must carry ten days’ provisions in their wallets.

  GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES QUOTED BY STEPHANUS AND OTHERS AS HAVING BEEN USED BY POLYBIUS

  Achriane, a town in Hyrcania.

  Adrane, a town in Thrace.

  Aegosthena, a town in Megaris.

  Allaria, a town in Crete.

  Ancara, a town in Italy.

  Aperanteia, a city and district in Thessaly.

  Apsyrtus, an island off Illyricum.

  Ares, plain of, “A desolate plain in Thrace with low trees.”

  Arsinoe, a town in Aetolia and in Libya.

  Atella, a town of the Opici, in Campania. “The Atellani surrendered.”

  Badiza, a town in Bruttium.

  Babrantium, a place near Chios.

  Cabyle, a town in Thrace.

  Calliope, a town in Parthia.

  Candasa, a fort in Caria.

  Carthaea, one of the four cities of Ceos.

  Corax, a mountain between Callipolis and Naupactus.

  Cyathus, a river in Aetolia, near Arsinoe (a tributary of the Achelous).

  Dassaretae, an Illyrian tribe.

  Digeri, a Thracian tribe.

  Ellopium, a town in Aetolia.

  Gitta, a town in Palestine (Gath).

  Hella, in Asia, a port belonging to Attalus.

  Hippo (Regius), a town in Libya.

  Hyrtacus, a town in Crete.

  Hyscana, a town in Illyria.

  Ilattia, a town in Crete.

  Lampeteia, a town in Bruttium.

  Mantua, in N. Italy.

  Massyleis, a Libyan tribe.

  Melitusa, a town in Illyria.

  Oricus (m.), a town in Epirus, “The first town on the right as one sails into the Adriatic.”

  Parthus, a town in Illyria.

  Philippi, a town in Macedonia.

  Phorynna, a town in Thrace.

  Phytaeum, a town in Aetolia.

  Rhyncus, in Aetolia.

  Sibyrtus, a town in Crete.

  Singa, a town in Libya.

  Tabraca, a town in Libya.

  Temesia, a town in Bruttium.

  Volci, a town in Etruria.

  Xynia, a town in Thessaly.

  APPENDICES

  APPENDIX I.

  The Divisions of the Macedonian Empire after the death of Alexander.

  Alexander the Great, ob. June B.C. 323.

  Justin, 12, 16; Arrian, An. 7, 28.

  οἱ βασιλεῖς

  Philip III. (Arrhidaeus) half-brother of Alexander, ob. B.C. 317.

  Alexander IV. (posthumous son of Alexander by Roxana).

  Successive Guardians

  Perdiccas, killed B.C. 321.

  (οἱ ἐπιμεληταί)

  Arrhidaeus and Python (for a few months), resigned B.C. 321.

  Hipparch ... Seleucus.

  Captain of the Bodyguards ... Cassander.

  First Distribution of the Provinces of the Empire.

  Diodorus Sic. 18, 3; Justin, 13, 4.

  Macedonia and Greece.

  Antipater.

  Egypt, and parts of Libya and Asia.

  Ptolemy s. of Lagus.

  Pamphylia(1). Lycia. Greater Phrygia.

  Antigonus.

  Caria.

  Cassander.

  Thrace.

  Lysimachus.

  Paphlagonia. Cappadocia.

  Eumenes.

  Media Major.

  Python.

  Syria.

  Laomedon.

  Phrygia Hellespontiaca.

  Leonnatus.

  Lydia.

  Meleager.(2)

  Cilicia.

  Philotas.

  Media Minor.

  Atropatos.

  Bactria ulterior.


  Unchanged.(3)

  India.

  Indian Colonies

  Pithon s. of Agenor.

  Punjaub

  Taxiles.

  Parapamisos.

  Oxyartes.

  Arachossi and Cedrussi.

  Silyrtias.

  Draucae and Arei.

  Stasanor.

  Bactria.

  Amyntas.

  Sogdiani.

  Stasandros.

  Parthians.

  Philip.

  Hyrcani.

  Phrataphernes.

  Carmani.

  Tleptolemus.

  Persis.

  Peucestes.

  Babylonians.

  Archon.

  Mesopotamia.

  Arcesilaus.

  (1) Justin gives Pamphylia and Lycia to Nearchus.

  (2) Justin calls him Menander.

  (3) The provinces and governors printed in italics are not mentioned by Dioderus here, who merely says they were unchanged. But the list given by Justin agrees with that of Diodorus in the next settlement, with certain exceptions, which may be regarded as changes arising from death or other causes.

  Second Arrangement, B.C. 321.

  οἱ βασιλεῖς

  Philip III. (Arrhidaeus) half-brother of Alexander, ob. B.C. 317.

  Alexander IV. (posthumous son of Alexander by Roxana).

  Regent with absolute powers

  ... Antipater, ob. B.C. 318.

  Regent with absolute powers

  ... Polysperchon

  Strategus of the Empire

  ... Antigonus.

  Chiliarch of the Empire

  ... Cassander (s. of Antigonus).

  Hipparch ... Seleucus.

  Captain of the Bodyguards ... Cassander.

  B.C. 321. Second Arrangement Of The Provinces.Diod. 18, 39.

  (Unchanged.) Macedonia and Greece.

  Antipater.

  (Unchanged.) Egypt & parts of Libya & Asia.

  Ptolemy s. of Lagus.

  Greater Phrygia, Lycia, & Susiana added.

  Antigonus.

  (Unchanged.) Caria

  Cassander.

  (Unchanged.) Thrace.

  Lysimachus.

  (Unchanged.) Media.

  Python.

  (Unchanged.) Syria.

  Laomedon.

  Cilicia.

  Philoxenus.

  Babylonia

  Seleucus.

  Cappadocia.

  Nicanor.

  Lydia

  Cheiton.

  Phrygia Hellespontiaca.

  Arrhidaeus.

  Mesopotamia and Asbelitis.

  Amphimachus.

  The other provinces as in the previous list.

  Third Arrangement, B.C. 312-311.

  King ... Alexander IV. (in charge of Roxana).

  Strategus in Europe till the king comes of age ... Cassander.

  B.C. 312-311. Third Arrangement of the Provinces of the Empire.Diod. Sic. 19, 105.

  Egypt.

  Ptolemy, s. of Lagus.

  Thrace.

  Lysimachus.

  Macedonia.

  Cassander.

  All Asia (ἀφηγεῖσθαι).

  Antigonus.

  Babylonia.

  Seleucus Nicanor.

  Greece nominally free, B.C. 307

  Demetrius (s. of Antigonus) becomes Master of Athens.

  B.C. 311. Alexander IV. and Roxana murdered by order of Cassander.

  B.C. 306. Fourth Arrangement. Kingdoms formed, After the naval victory of Demetrius over Ptolemy. Diod. 30, 53.

  King of Egypt.

  Ptolemy, s. of Lagus

  King of Syria and Asia.

  Antigonus.

  King of Upper Asia.

  Seleucus.

  King of Thrace.

  Lysimachus.

  King of Macedonia.

  Cassander.

  Demetrius Poliorcetes (s. of Antigonus) also takes the title of king, and in B.C. 304 returns to Athens and wages war with Cassander.

  B.C. 301. Settlement after the battle of Ipsus, in which Antigonus fell.

  (Lysimachus and Seleucus against Antigonus and Demetrius.)

  King of Egypt.

  Ptolemy, s. of Lagus, ob. 283.

  King of Syria.

  Seleucus Nicanor, ob. B.C. 280.

  King of Thrace.

  Lysimachus, ob. 281.

  King of Macedonia.

  Cassander, ob. B.C. 297.

  Greece is nominally free, but in B.C. 295 Demetrius takes Athens, and becoming King of Macedonia in B.C. 295 to B.C. 287, he retains Greece as part of the kingdom. In the confusion which followed it was practically free.

  APPENDIX II.

  THE KINGS OF EGYPT, SYRIA, AND MACEDONIA, TO THE END OF THE PERIOD EMBRACED IN POLYBIUS’S HISTORY

  B.C.

  EGYPT

  B.C.

  SYRIA

  306-285

  Ptolemy, s. of Lagus

  306-301

  Antigonus the One-eyed

  283-247

  Ptolemy II. Philadelphus

  301-280

  Seleucus Nicanor

  247-222

  Ptolemy III. Euergetes

  280-261

  Antiochus I. Soter, s. of

  Antigonus the One-eyed

  222-205

  Ptolemy IV. Philopator

  246-226

  Seleucus II. Callinicus

  205-181

  Ptolemy V. Epiphanes

  226-223

  Seleucus III. Alexander or Ceraunus

  181-146

  Ptolemy VI. Philometor

  223-187

  Antiochus III. the Great

  170-154

  Ptolemy VII. Physcon,

  joint king with his

  brother, Ptolemy VI

  187-175

  Seleucus IV. Philopator

  146-117

  Ptolemy VII. sole king

  175-164

  Antiochus IV. Epiphanes

  164-162

  Antiochus V. Eupator

  162-150

  Demetrius I. Soter

  150-147

  Alexander Balas

  147-125

  Demetrius II. Nicator

  B.C.

  MACEDONIA

  323-311

  Alexander IV.

  323-317

  Philip III. (Arrhidaeus)

  311-306

  Regency of Cassander

  306-296

  Cassander

  296

  Philip IV. s. of Cassander

  296-294

  Antipater

  sons of Cassander

  Alexander

  294-287

  Demetrius I. Poliercetes, ob. 283

  287-281

  Divided between Lysimachus and Pyrrhus

  281-280

  Seleucus, Nicanor

  Ptolemy Ceraunus, s. of Ptolemy of Egypt

  280-277

  [Various claimants]

  277-239

  Antigonus Gonatas, s. of Demetrius I.

  239-229

  Demetrius II. s. of Gonatas.

  229-179

  Philip V. s. of Demetrius II.

  [Antigonus Doson, nominally his guardian assumes the crown B.C. 229-220]

  179-168

  Perseus [Macedonia a Roman province]

  APPENDIX III

  1, 21. The capture of Cornelius Asina is ascribed by Livy (E) to an act of treachery, per fraudem velut in colloquium evocatus captus est. He is copied by Florus (2, 2) and Eutropius (2, 10). See also Valerius Max. 6, 6, 2. This is perhaps not incompatible with the narrative of Polybius, which, however, does not suggest it. He must have been released at the time of the entrance of Regulus into Africa, for being captured in B.C. 260, we find him Consul for B.C. 254, without any account of his release being preserved.

  1, 32-36. — XANTHIPPUS THE LACEDAEMONIAN

  The fate of Xanthippus has been variously reported. Po
lybius represents him as going away voluntarily, and Mommsen supposes him to have taken service in the Egyptian army. Appian, however, asserts that he and his men were drowned on their way home to Sparta by the Carthaginian captains who were conveying them, and who were acting on secret orders from home (8, 4). Mommsen also regards the account of Polybius of the reforms introduced in the Carthaginian tactics by Xanthippus as exaggerated: “The officers of Carthage can hardly have waited for foreigners to teach them that the light African cavalry can be more appropriately employed on the plain than among hills and forests.” The doubt had apparently occurred to others [Diodor. Sic. fr. bk. 23.] The mistake, however, was not an unnatural one. For other references to Xanthippus see Cicero de Off. 3, 26, 7; Valerius Max. 1, 1, 14; Dio Cassius, fr. 43, 24.

 

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