by Polybius
13. To return then to Philip. Taking with him as much booty living and dead as he could, he started from Thermus, returning by the same road as that by which he had come; putting the booty and heavy-armed infantry in the van, and reserving the Acarnanians and mercenaries to bring up the rear. He was in great haste to get through the difficult passes, because he expected that the Aetolians, relying on the security of their strongholds, would harass his rear. And this in fact promptly took place: for a body of Aetolians, that had collected to the number of nearly three thousand for the defence of the country, under the command of Alexander of Trichonium, hovered about, concealing themselves in certain secret hiding-places, and not venturing to approach as long as Philip was on the high ground; but as soon as he got his rear-guard in motion they promptly threw themselves into Thermus and began harassing the hindermost of the enemy’s column. The rear being thus thrown into confusion, the attacks and charges of the Aetolians became more and more furious, encouraged by the nature of the ground. But Philip had foreseen this danger, and had provided for it, by stationing his Illyrians and his best peltasts under cover of a certain hill on the descent. These men suddenly fell upon the advanced bodies of the enemy as they were charging; whereupon the rest of the Aetolian army fled in headlong haste over a wild and trackless country, with a loss of a hundred and thirty killed, and about the same number taken prisoners. This success relieved his rear; which, after burning Pamphium, accomplished the passage of the narrow gorge with rapidity and safety, and effected a junction with the Macedonians near Matape, at which place Philip had pitched a camp and was waiting for his rear-guard to come up. Next day, after levelling Metape to the ground, he advanced to the city called Acrae; next day to Conope, ravaging the country as he passed, and there encamped for the night. On the next he marched along the Achelous as far as Stratus; there he crossed the river, and, having halted his men out of range, endeavoured to tempt the garrison outside the walls; for he had been informed that two thousand Aetolian infantry and about four hundred horse, with five hundred Cretans, had collected into Stratus. But when no one ventured out, he renewed his march, and ordered his van to advance towards Limnaea and the ships.
[1] ἀποπειρώμενος τῶν ἔνδον: ἐπυνθάνετο γὰρ εἰς τὸν Στράτον συνδεδραμηκέναι τῶν Αἰτωλῶν πεζοὺς μὲν εἰς τρισχιλίους, ἱππεῖς δὲ περὶ τετρακοσίους, Κρῆτας δ᾽ εἰς πεντακοσίους. [2] οὐδενὸς δ᾽ ἐπεξιέναι τολμῶντος, αὖτις ἀρξάμενος ἐκίνει τοὺς πρώτους, ποιούμενος τὴν πορείαν ὡς ἐπὶ τὴν Λιμναίαν καὶ τὰς ναῦς. [3] ἅμα δὲ τῷ τὴν οὐραγίαν παραλλάξαι τὴν πόλιν τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ὀλίγοι τῶν Αἰτωλικῶν ἱππέων ἐξελθόντες κατεπείραζον τῶν ἐσχάτων: [4] ἐπεὶ δὲ τό τε τῶν Κρητῶν πλῆθος ἐκ τῆς πόλεως καί τινες τῶν Αἰτωλικῶν συνῆψαν τοῖς αὑτῶν ἱππεῦσι, γινομένης ὁλοσχερεστέρας συμπλοκῆς, ἠναγκάσθησαν ἐκ μεταβολῆς οἱ περὶ τὴν οὐραγίαν κινδυνεύειν. [5] τὸ μὲν οὖν πρῶτον ἀμφοτέρων ἐφάμιλλος ἦν ὁ κίνδυνος: προσβοηθησάντων δὲ τοῖς παρὰ τοῦ Φιλίππου μισθοφόροις τῶν Ἰλλυριῶν, ἐνέκλιναν καὶ σποράδην ἔφευγον οἱ τῶν Αἰτωλῶν ἱππεῖς καὶ μισθοφόροι. [6] καὶ τὸ μὲν πολὺ μέρος αὐτῶν ἕως εἰς τὰς πύλας καὶ πρὸς τὰ τείχη συνεδίωξαν οἱ παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως, κατέβαλον δ᾽ εἰς ἑκατόν. [7] ἀπὸ δὲ ταύτης τῆς χρείας λοιπὸν οἱ μὲν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τὴν ἡσυχίαν ἦγον, οἱ δ᾽ ἀπὸ τῆς οὐραγίας ἀσφαλῶς συνῆψαν πρὸς τὸ στρατόπεδον καὶ τὰς ναῦς. [8] ὁ δὲ Φίλιππος καταστρατοπεδεύσας ἐν ὥρᾳ τοῖς θεοῖς ἔθυεν εὐχαριστήρια τῆς γεγενημένης αὐτῷ περὶ τὴν ἐπιβολὴν εὐροίας, ἅμα δὲ καὶ τοὺς ἡγεμόνας ἐκάλει, βουλόμενος ἑστιᾶσαι πάντας. [9] ἐδόκει γὰρ εἰς τόπους αὑτὸν δεδωκέναι παραβόλους καὶ τοιούτους, εἰς οὓς οὐδεὶς ἐτόλμησε πρότερον στρατοπέδῳ παρεμβαλεῖν. [10] ὁ δ᾽ οὐ μόνον ἐνέβαλε μετὰ τῆς δυνάμεως, ἀλλὰ καὶ πᾶν ὃ προέθετο συντελεσάμενος ἀσφαλῶς ἐποιήσατο τὴν ἐπάνοδον. δι᾽ ἃ περιχαρὴς ὢν οὗτος μὲν ἐγίνετο περὶ τὴν τῶν ἡγεμόνων ὑποδοχήν: [11] οἱ δὲ περὶ τὸν Μεγαλέαν καὶ Λεόντιον δυσχερῶς ἔφερον τὴν γεγενημένην ἐπιτυχίαν τοῦ βασιλέως, ὡς ἂν διατεταγμένοι μὲν πρὸς τὸν Ἀπελλῆν πάσαις ἐμποδιεῖν ταῖς ἐπιβολαῖς αὐτοῦ, μὴ δυνάμενοι δὲ τοῦτο ποιεῖν, [12] ἀλλὰ τῶν πραγμάτων αὐτοῖς κατὰ τοὐναντίον προχωρούντων, διεσφαλμένοι προφανῶς. ἀλλ᾽ ἧκόν γε πρὸς τὸ δεῖπνον.
14. But no sooner had his rear passed the town than, first, a small body of Aetolian cavalry sallied out and began harassing the hindmost men; and then, the whole of the Cretans and some Aetolian troops having joined their cavalry, the conflict became more severe, and the rear of Philip’s army were forced to face about and engage the enemy. At first the conflict was undecided; but on Philip’s mercenaries being supported by the arrival of the Illyrians, the Aetolian cavalry and mercenaries gave way and fled in disorder. The royal troops pursued most of them to the entrance of the gates, or up to the walls, and killed about a hundred of them. After this skirmish the garrison remained inactive, and the rear of the royal army reached the camp and the ships in safety.
Philip pitched his camp early in the day, and proceeded to make a thank offering to the gods for the successful issue of his undertaking; and to invite the officers to a banquet, at which it was his intention to entertain them all. His view was that he had ventured upon a dangerous country, and such as no one had ever ventured to enter with an army before; while he had not only entered it with an army, but had returned in safety, after accomplishing all that he had intended. But while he was thus intent on entertaining his officers in great elation of mind, Megaleas and Leontius were nursing feelings of great annoyance at the success of the king. They had arranged with Apelles to hamper all his plans, but had been unable to do so; and now saw everything turning out exactly contrary to their views.
[1] ἦσαν μὲν οὖν εὐθέως ἐν ὑπονοίᾳ τῷ τε βασιλεῖ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις οὐχ ὁμοίως τοῖς λοιποῖς χαίροντες ἐπὶ τοῖς γεγονόσι: [2] προβαίνοντος δὲ τοῦ πότου, κἄπειτα γενομένης ἀκαιρίας καὶ πολυποσίας, ἀναγκασθέντες συμπεριφέρεσθαι, ταχέως ἐξεθεάτρισαν αὑτούς. [3] λυθείσης γὰρ τῆς συνουσίας ὑπό τε τῆς μέθης καὶ τῆς ἀλογιστίας ἐλαυνόμενοι, περιῄεσαν ζητοῦντες τὸν Ἄρατον. [4] συμμίξαντες δὲ κατὰ τὴν ἐπάνοδον αὐτῷ, τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἐλοιδόρουν, μετὰ δὲ βάλλειν ἐνεχείρησαν τοῖς λίθοις. [5] προσβοηθούντων δὲ πλειόνων ἀμφοτέροις θόρυβος ἦν καὶ κίνημα κατὰ τὴν παρεμβολήν. ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς ἀκούων τῆς κραυγῆς, ἐξαπέστειλε τοὺς ἐ
πιγνωσομένους καὶ διαλύσοντας τὴν ταραχήν. [6] ὁ μὲν οὖν Ἄρατος, παραγενομένων τούτων, εἰπὼν τὰ γεγονότα καὶ μάρτυρας παρασχόμενος τοὺς συμπαρόντας, ἀπηλλάττετο ταύτης τῆς ἀδι [7] κίας ἐπὶ τὴν αὑτοῦ σκηνήν, ὁ δὲ Λεόντιος ἀλόγως πως κατὰ τὸν θόρυβον ἀπέρρευσε. τὸν δὲ Μεγαλέαν καὶ Κρίνωνα μεταπεμψάμενος ὁ βασιλεύς, ἐπεὶ συνῆκε τὸ γεγονός, ἐπετίμα πικρῶς. [8] οἱ δ᾽ οὐχ οἷον ὑπέμειναν, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπεμέτρησαν, φάσκοντες οὐδὲ λήξειν τῆς προθέσεως, ἕως ἂν τὸν μισθὸν ἐπιθῶσι τοῖς περὶ τὸν Ἄρατον. [9] ὁ δὲ βασιλεύς, ὀργισθεὶς ἐπὶ τῷ ῥηθέντι, παραχρῆμα πρὸς εἴκοσι τάλαντα κατεγγυήσας ἐκέλευσεν αὐτοὺς εἰς φυλακὴν ἀπαγα
15. Still they came to the banquet, where they from the first excited the suspicions of the king and the rest of the company, by showing less joy at the events than the others present. But as the drinking went on, and grew less and less moderate, being forced to do just as the others did, they soon showed themselves in their true colours. For as soon as the company broke up, losing control over themselves under the influence of wine, they roamed about looking for Aratus; and having fallen in with him on his way home, they first attacked him with abusive language, and then threw stones at him; and a number of people coming to the assistance of both parties, there was a noise and disturbance in the camp. But the king hearing the noise sent some officers to ascertain the cause, and to put an end to the disturbance. On their coming upon the scene, Aratus stated what had occurred, called those present to witness the truth of his words, and retired to his own tent; but Leontius by some unexplained means slipped away in the crowd. When informed of what had taken place, the king sent for Megaleas and Crinon and rebuked them sharply: and when they not only expressed no submission, but actually retorted with a declaration that they would never desist until they had paid Aratus out, the king, enraged at their words, at once required them to give security for the payment of a fine of twenty talents, and ordered them to be placed under arrest.
[1] γεῖν. τῇ δ᾽ ἐπαύριον ἀνακαλεσάμενος τὸν Ἄρατον παρεκάλει θαρρεῖν, ὅτι ποιήσεται τὴν ἐνδεχομένην ἐπιστροφὴν τοῦ πράγματος. [2] ὁ δὲ Λεόντιος, συνεὶς τὰ περὶ τὸν Μεγαλέαν, ἧκε πρὸς τὴν σκηνὴν μετά τινων πελταστῶν, πεπεισμένος καταπλήξεσθαι διὰ τὴν ἡλικίαν καὶ ταχέως εἰς μετάνοιαν ἄξειν τὸν βασιλέα. [3] συντυχὼν δ᾽ αὐτῷ, προσεπυνθάνετο τίς ἐτόλμησεν ἐπιβαλεῖν τὰς χεῖρας Μεγαλέᾳ καὶ τίς εἰς τὴν φυλακὴν ἀπαγαγεῖν. [4] τοῦ δὲ βασιλέως ὑποστατικῶς αὐτοῦ φήσαντος συντεταχέναι, καταπλαγεὶς ὁ Λεόντιος καί τι προσανοιμώξας, ἀπῄει τεθυμωμένος. ὁ δὲ βασιλεύς, [5] ἀναχθεὶς παντὶ τῷ στόλῳ καὶ διάρας τὸν κόλπον, ὡς θᾶττον εἰς τὴν Λευκάδα καθωρμίσθη, τοῖς μὲν ἐπὶ τῆς τῶν λαφύρων οἰκονομίας τεταγμένοις περὶ ταῦτα συνέταξε γινομένοις μὴ καθυστερεῖν, αὐτὸς δὲ συναγαγὼν τοὺς φίλους ἀπέδωκε κρίσιν τοῖς περὶ τὸν Μεγαλέαν. [6] τοῦ δ᾽ Ἀράτου κατηγορήσαντος ἀνέκαθεν τὰ πεπραγμένα τοῖς περὶ τὸν Λεόντιον, καὶ διελθόντος τὴν γενομένην ὑπ᾽ αὐτῶν ἐν Ἄργει σφαγήν, ἣν ἐποιήσαντο μετὰ τὸν Ἀντιγόνου χωρισμόν, καὶ τὰς πρὸς Ἀπελλῆν συνθήκας, ἔτι δὲ τὸν περὶ τοὺς Παλαιεῖς ἐμποδισμόν, [7] καὶ πάντα ταῦτα μετ᾽ ἀποδείξεως ἐνδεικνυμένου καὶ μαρτύρων, οὐ δυνάμενοι πρὸς οὐδὲν ἀντιλέγειν οἱ περὶ τὸν Μεγαλέαν κατεκρίθησαν ὁμοθυμαδὸν ὑπὸ τῶν φίλων. [8] καὶ Κρίνων μὲν ἔμεινεν ἐν τῇ φυλακῇ, τὸν δὲ Μεγαλέαν Λεόντιος ἀνεδέξατο τῶν χρημάτων. [9] ἡ μὲν οὖν Ἀπελλοῦ καὶ τῶν περὶ τὸν Λεόντιον πρᾶξις ἐν τούτοις ἦν, παλίντροπον λαμβάνουσα τὴν προκοπὴν ταῖς ἐξ ἀρχῆς αὐτῶν ἐλπίσιν. [10] ἔδοξαν μὲν γὰρ καταπληξάμενοι τὸν Ἄρατον καὶ μονώσαντες τὸν Φίλιππον ποιήσειν ὅ τι ἂν αὐτοῖς δοκῇ συμφέρειν, ἀπέβη δὲ τούτων τἀναντία.
16. Next morning, too, he sent for Aratus and bade him have no fears, for that he would see that the business was properly settled. When Leontius learned what had happened to Megaleas, he came to the king’s tent with some peltasts, believing that, owing to his youth, he should overawe the king, and quickly induce him to repent of his purpose. Coming into the royal presence he demanded who had ventured to lay hands on Megaleas, and lead him to confinement? But when the king answered with firmness that he had given the order, Leontius was dismayed; and, with an exclamation of indignant sorrow, departed in high wrath.
Immediately after getting the fleet across the gulf, and anchoring at Leucas, the king first gave orders to the officers appointed to distribute the spoils to carry out that business with all despatch; and then summoned his friends to council, and tried the case of Megaleas. In his speech as accuser Aratus went over the crimes of Leontius and his party from beginning to end; detailed the massacre in Argos perpetrated by them after the departure of Antigonus; their arrangement made with Apelles; and finally their contrivance to prevent success at Palus. Of all these accusations he gave distinct proof, and brought forward witnesses: and Megaleas and Crinon being entirely unable to refute any of them, were unanimously condemned by the king’s friends. Crinon remained under arrest, but Leontius went bail for the payment of the Megaleas’s fine. Thus the intrigue of Apelles and Leontius turned out quite contrary to their original hopes: for they had expected, by terrifying Aratus and isolating Philip, to do whatever seemed to suit their interests; whereas the result had been exactly the reverse.
[1] κατὰ δὲ τοὺς προειρημένους καιροὺς Λυκοῦργος ἐκ μὲν τῆς Μεσσηνίας οὐδὲν ἄξιον λόγου πράξας ἐπανῆλθε: μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα πάλιν ὁρμήσας ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος κατελάβετο τὴν τῶν Τεγεατῶν πόλιν. [2] τῶν δὲ σωμάτων ἀποχωρησάντων εἰς τὴν ἄκραν, ἐπεβάλετο πολιορκεῖν ταύτην. οὐδαμῶς δὲ δυνάμενος ἀνύειν οὐδὲν αὖτις ἀνεχώρησεν εἰς τὴν Σπάρτην. [3] οἱ δ᾽ ἐκ τῆς Ἤλιδος καταδραμόντες τὴν Δυμαίαν καὶ τοὺς βοηθήσαντας τῶν ἱππέων εἰς ἐνέδραν ἐπαγαγόμενοι ῥᾳδίως ἐτρέψαντο, [4] καὶ τῶν μὲν Γαλατικῶν οὐκ ὀλίγους κατέβαλον, τῶν δὲ πολιτικῶν αἰχμαλώτους ἔλαβον Πολυμήδη τε τὸν Αἰγιέα καὶ Δυμαίους Ἀγησίπολιν καὶ Διοκλέα. [5] Δωρίμαχος δὲ τὴν μὲν πρώτην ἔξοδον ἐποιήσατο μετὰ τῶν Αἰτωλῶν, πεπεισμένος, καθάπερ ἐπάνω προεῖπον, αὑτὸν μὲν ἀσφαλῶς κατασύρειν τὴν Θετταλίαν, τὸν δὲ Φίλιππον
ἀναστήσειν ἀπὸ τῆς περὶ τοὺς Παλαιεῖς πολιορκίας: [6] εὑρὼν δὲ τοὺς περὶ τὸν Χρυσόγονον καὶ Πετραῖον ἑτοίμους ἐν Θετταλίᾳ πρὸς τὸ διακινδυνεύειν, εἰς μὲν τὸ πεδίον οὐκ ἐθάρρει καταβαίνειν, ἐν δὲ ταῖς παρωρείαις προσανέχων διῆγε. [7] προσπεσούσης δ᾽ αὐτῷ τῆς τῶν Μακεδόνων εἰς τὴν Αἰτωλίαν εἰσβολῆς, ἀφέμενος τῶν κατὰ Θετταλίαν ἐβοήθει τούτοις κατὰ σπουδήν. καταλαβὼν δ᾽ ἀπηλλαγμένους ἐκ τῆς Αἰτωλίας τοὺς Μακεδόνας οὗτος μὲν ὑπελείπετο καὶ καθυστέρει πάντων: [8] ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς ἀναχθεὶς ἐκ τῆς Λευκάδος, καὶ πορθήσας ἐν παράπλῳ τὴν τῶν Οἰανθέων χώραν, κατῆρε μετὰ τοῦ στόλου παντὸς εἰς Κόρινθον. [9] ὁρμίσας δὲ τὰς νῆας ἐν τῷ Λεχαίῳ τήν τε δύναμιν ἐξεβίβαζε καὶ τοὺς γραμματοφόρους διαπέστελλε πρὸς τὰς ἐν Πελοποννήσῳ συμμαχίδας πόλεις, δηλῶν τὴν ἡμέραν, ἐν ᾗ δεήσει πάντας μετὰ τῶν ὅπλων κοιταίους ἐν τῇ τῶν