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List of Illustrations
1. SZ Photo/Süddeutsche Zeitung Photo
2. © The Heartfield Community of Heirs / DACS 2018. Image kindly provided by Akron Art Museum.
3. Scherl/Süddeutsche Zeitung Photo
4. bpk / Harry Wagner
5. Scherl/Süddeutsche Zeitung Photo
6. Anton Tripp/Fotoarchiv Ruhr Museum
7. IMAGNO/Skrein Photo Collection
8. akg-images
9. ullsteinbild / TopFoto
10. bpk / Benno Wundshammer
11. Scherl/Süddeutsche Zeitung Photo
12. Scherl/Süddeutsche Zeitung Photo
13. bpk / Joe Heydecker
14. bpk / Hanns Hubmann
15. © Rheinisches Bildarchiv Köln
16. © CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images
Index
A4 rocket programme, 817, 874–875, 908–910, 932
Abetz, Otto, 700–701, 770
Abwehr, 572, 574, 917–920
Abyssinia, 418, 438, 441–442, 454–455, 457, 467
Afghanistan, 734–735, 961
Africa, 441, 707–708, 714, 848, 867–868, 961. See also Abyssinia; Madagascar; North Africa
agriculture, 175food prices and tariffs, 305, 314, 405, 428–429, 432–433, 447–448
food supply, 432–433, 447–448, 523–524, 762, 830, 963
forced labour, 567–568
global crisis (1927–1928), 175
Hitler’s speeches on, 175–176, 213–214
imports, 406, 439–440, 522–523
under Nazi regime, 440, 522–523, 567–568
Alfieri, Dino, 459–460, 467, 691, 716
Alsace-Lorraine, 39–40, 333–334, 341, 364, 555, 702–703, 827, 928
Alt, Rudolf von, 487–488
Altenberg, Jacob, 27
Alvensleben, Werner von, 244, 251–252
Amann, Maxarrest, 119
deposits donations, 103
as Eher director, 146, 198–199
on Hitler, 38, 41, 77–78, 148
Hitler’s behaviour toward, 41–42
as Hitler’s deputy, 104
as Nazi Party manager, 90, 107–108, 118
American Amateur Athletic Union, 458
Angriff, Der, 187, 198, 203, 213, 216–217, 429–430, 861–862
Anti-Comintern Pact, 468, 530–531, 533, 538, 544, 586–587, 601, 632–633, 708–709, 784–785, 828
Anti-Semitic League, 22–23
Antonescu, Ion, 706–707, 715, 739, 820–821, 863, 865–866, 896–897, 899, 928–929
Arbeitsgemeinschaft, 111
Ardennes offensive, 682–683, 689, 933–934
Arras, Battle of, 39
Association of German Bookshop Owners, 310–311
Association of German Employers’ Organizations, 304–305
Astachov, Georgi, 633
Atlantic Charter, 761–762, 768–769
Attolico, Bernardo, 639, 642
Auf gut Deutsch, 64–65, 67
August-Wilhelm of Prussia, 305
Auschwitz death camp, 808–809, 818–821, 860, 879, 901–902
Aust, Hermann, 95–96
Austria, 537, 543–550annexation (Anschluss), 550, 571, 9551933 coup attempt, 334–335, 343, 395–396
as central aim of Nazism, 551
confirmatory plebiscite, 552–553, 556–557
coordination policy, 547–549
early Nazi ambition for, 150–151
economic effects, 553–554
formal annexation, 551
Göring on, 468–469, 528, 544
Hitler’s ambitions for, 137–138, 544
Hitler’s decisive role in, 551, 644, 958–959
Hitler’s speeches on, 546
Hungarian diplomatic relations and, 367
Italy and, 333–334, 394–395, 543–544, 550
July agreement and, 455
mass arrests, 552
Neurath and, 334, 342
Pan-German demands for, 29
public opinion on, 646
Schussnigg agreement, 547, 551
South Tyrol and, 137–138
Wehrmacht invades Austria, 549
Catholic Church, 552
ethnic Czechs, 13–14
ethnic Germans, 12, 343
>
German diplomatic relations with, 367, 396–397, 455
German nationalism, 12
Hitler’s image of, 28
Italy and, 395, 441, 454–455, 468, 521, 528, 559
Jewsexpulsion from, 589–590
persecution, 571
Nazi Party, 342–343, 395–396, 543–552coordination measures, 343
DSP and, 87
reaction to Dollfuss ban, 342–343
tourism visas, 343
See also Linz; Vienna; South Tyrol
Austrian question, 395–396, 543–544, 546–549, 551
Axmann, Artur, 942
Baarová, Lída, 590–592
Bach-Zelewski, Erich von dem, 388
Backe, Herbert, 835
Backhaus, Erich, 325
Bad Harzburg, 227–229, 231
Badoglio, Pietro, 871–872, 897
Bad Wiessee, 383–385
Ballerstedt, Otto, 92–93, 387–388
Barbarossa, Operation, C34diplomacy prior to, 739, 741–743
German armaments production and, 799
Halder outlines plans, 719–720
Halder’s opinion, 719
initial operations, 743–750
Japan and, 728
Jewish annihilation and, 721
justification for, 743–744
military operationsMoscow offensive, 767–768, 777
southern sectory, 766–767
preparations for, 720, 723, 726
SS zones of operation, 731–732
Bárdossy, Lászl, 723–724
Barthou, Louis, 366
Bauer, Kurt, 395–396
Baumann, 63
Baumgarten, Alexander, 207
Baur, Hans, 238–239
Bavaria, 52, 69–70, 72, 91, 168–169, 950–951anti-Catholic demonstrations, 766
army, 34, 82–83, 124
as ‘cell of order’, 72–74, 950
declaration as free state (1918), 49
government, 74–75, 92, 98, 109, 111–113, 117–118, 129, 131, 168–169, 293, 409–410
government protection for Nazi Party, 82, 112–113
Hitler’s claim to Bavarian identity, 93–94, 309
Kapp putsch and, 73–74
as Nazi ‘base’, 118, 143–144, 303
Nazi party in, 100, 148
Nazi seizure of power, 293
paramilitary (‘self-defence’) organizations, 53, 65–66, 73–74, 90–91, 114
Räterepublik, 50–52, 54–55, 57–58, 66, 85–86, 120–121
Reich government conflict, 98
Reichswehr presence, 114
state of emergency declared, 92
Bavarian Industrialists’ Association, 95–96
Bavarian Middle Party, 92
Bavarian Order Block, 74
Bavarian Peasant League, 49–50, 92–93
Bavarian People’s Party (BVP), 50, 92, 143, 233–234, 252–253, 271, 293, 299, 323, 336–338
Bechstein, Helene, 103
Beck, Fritz, 388
Beck, Józef, 423, 539, 612–613, 642agreement with Hitler on threat of Bolshevism, 539
Danzig question, 600–601, 612–613
opposition to common Soviet Union policy, 601–602, 665–666
Ukraine and, 600, 612
Beck, Ludwig, 542, 556, 561, 563, 572–573, 918–919
Becker, Heinrich, 103
Belgium, 928, 932civilian administration, 911
German withdrawal, 928
incorporation into Reich, 675–676, 691, 827–828
invasion plans, 624, 660, 674–676, 681–682
Jews, 808, 820
military commander, 772
neutrality, 630, 679, 689
resistance movements, 772
surrender, 691
Belgrade, 724–726
Below, Nikolaus von, 581, 609, 850, 934
Below, Otto von, 226, 229
Bełz˙ec death camp, 775, 807–809, 820–821
Benesch, Eduard, 469, 562, 576, 579–580, 602–603
Berchtesgaden agreement, 547–548
Berchtold, Joseph, 154–155
Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, 944
Berger, Gottlob, 821
Berlincity transport services strike (1932), 260–261
as Reich Capital, 197–198, 260–261, 351–352, 445, 459–460, 492, 512, 694, 800
Berliner Tageblatt (BT), 126
Berlin Sportpalast, 286, 291, 557, 580, 704
Berlin State Opera House, 413, 417
Bertram, Adolf, 391, 764–765
Best, Sigismund Payne, 677–678
Best, Werner, 880–881
Beulwitz, Veit-Ulrich von, 388
Bier, August, 484
Bismarck (German battleship), 606, 736–737, 750
Bismarck, Otto von, 489–490, 606, 737, 750
Bloch, Eduard, 20
Blomberg, Werner vonappointment as Defence Minister, 271–272
Blomberg-Fritsch crisis, 500–501, 540–543, 545–546, 548–549, 592marriage scandal, 541
removal from post, 542–543
complaints about SA armed units, 376–377
cooperation with Hitler, 284
doubts about conscription, 417
German withdrawal from Disarmament Conference, 359
Göring and, 536
invites Hitler to meet Reichswehr commanders, 283–284
opposition to war with Britain and France, 535–536
Reichswehr rearmament programme, 285, 338–339doubts about success, 533–534
removal of expenditure limits, 439
removal of SA, 363, 376
Reichswehr to swear personal allegiance to Hitler, 399
support for Spanish coup, 456
tells Goebbels that Papen proposes to succeed Hundenburg, 380–381
Blood Flag, 154–155, 346–347, 496–498
Blum, Léon, 467
Bock, Fedor von, 679, 719–720, 748–749, 787–788, 822–823
Böcklin, Arnold, 487–490
Bodenschatz, Karl-Heinrich, 693–694
Boepple, Ernst, 55, 67–68
Bohemia, 608–609, 617, 678–679, 819, 827, 835, 882
Bohlen, Gustav Krupp von, 234
Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 371
Bonnet, Georges, 582–583
book burning, 311–312
Boris III of Bulgaria, 459–460, 713–714, 739, 862, 873
Bormann, Martin, 356, 502, 882–883, 895–896campaign against superstitions, 729
Committee of Three, 852–853, 859–860, 882, 895–896
conscription and, 852–853
execution of Hitler’s personnel matters, 503
Goebbels and, 896
Göring’s dismissal and, 946
as head of Party Chancellery, 809, 835–836, 852–853, 871–872, 876
Ley and, 801
military leadership proposals, 889
occupation policy and, 756–758
as part of ‘Gang of Four’ advocating radical course for war, 905, 911, 941
as part of Hitler’s entourage, 652–653, 670–671, 693–694, 819, 944–945
personal access to Hitler and, 835–836, 839
religious policy and, 764–765
roles on Obersalzberg, 356
as Secretary to the Führer, 882
Speer and, 884–885, 896
total war preparations, 924–925
unlimited scope of office, 502
Börsenblatt des deutschen Buchhandels, 311
Borsig, Ernst von, 95
Bose, Herbert von, 386–387, 391–392
Bose, Subhas Chandra, 735
Bothmer, Carl von, 57–58, 67
Bouhler, Philipp, 146, 670–671, 701–702
Boxheim documents, 230–231, 235
Bracher, Karl Dietrich, 280
Bracht, Franz, 252
Brack, Viktor, 670–671, 701–702, 775
Brandenburg, Ernst, 315–316
Brandmayer, Balthasar, 41–42
Br
andt, Anni, 356
Brandt, Karl, 356, 669–671, 693–694, 765–766, 834, 839
Bratianu, Gheorghe, 468–469
Brauchitsch, Walther von, 573, 674, 698, 719–720appointment as Army Commander, 542–543
Beck and, 556, 572–573
Czech attack plans, 575
Eastern war and, 699, 718, 745–749, 783
Einsatzgruppen activity and, 655–656
Greece and, 723
Italy and, 620–621
offers resignation, 679, 788
outlines Hitler’s views on Czech question, 563–564
questions troop effectiveness, 677, 679
rearmament targets missed, 599, 624–625
reprimanded by Hitler, 679
reprimanded by Hitler re: Czech question, 573–574
resigns, 788
Western war and, 675–677, 682, 690–691
Braun, Eva, 161–162, 354, 356, 938–939, 947–948
Braun, Otto, 208, 225, 282–283, 290–291
Brecht, Arnold, 282–283
Breker, Arno, 693–694
Brest, 851
Brest-Litovsk Treaty, 851
Brinon, Fernand de, 341, 364–365
Bruckmann, Hugo, 143
Brückner, Helmuth, 412
Brückner, Wilhelm, 356, 384, 693–694
Brüning, Heinrich, 196–197, 227, 229–231, 235–236, 243–245, 256–257, 318attempts to extend President’s term of office, 235
Boxheim documents, 230–231, 235
as Chancellor, 227appointed to role, 196–197
British government talks, 224–225
budget proposal, 200
DVP and, 224–225
Geneva disarmament conference, 224
Hindenburg demands right-wing reshuffle, 227
Hindenburg’s support for, 236
on Hitler, 209–210
Hitler and, 228–230
coalition talks, 235–236
Nazi coalition talks, 243
offers Nazis ministerial posts, 208–209
opposition to Nazi coalition, 210
opposition to war reparations, 209–210, 232
refuses Brunswick police funds, 211
SA ban, 240–241
Schleicher and, 243
Goebbels on, 243–244
Hitler denies SA mistreatment of politicians, 318–319
Papen and, 247
resigns, 245
threatens to leave Centre Party, 258
Hitler Page 176